...COLUMN Growing importance of reverse logistics Prof Samir K Srivastava Reverse logistics is the process of moving a product from the consumer to the manufacturer, or any other stage in the supply chain, for re-use or proper disposal. It has grown in importance due to many reasons. One of the most prominent reasons is the growing concern for the environment. Consumer demand for clean manufacturing and recycling is increasing, many times leading to legislation as well. Consumers expect to trade in an old product when they buy a new one. Cost is another reason. Research shows that reverse logistics may be a worthwhile proposition even in the contexts where regulatory and consumer pressures are insignificant. It is becoming vital as service management activities and take-back for products such as automobiles, refrigerators and other white goods, cellular handsets, apparels, lead-acid batteries, furniture, televisions, computer peripherals, personal computers, laptops, etc. are on the increase. Advancements in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and their utility in supporting related data collection, transmission and processing have given it further fillip. Aftermarkets, product recalls and collection of post-consumer goods by various supply chain stakeholders is gaining interest worldwide. Establishing a well-managed reverse logistics system can be a value-adding proposition for organisations and supply chains. It can not only...
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...Reverse Logistics in Indian Automobile Industry Reverse Logistics is a process in which a product moves in reverse through the supply chain network. It may be used for the purpose of recapturing value of a final product or for even proper disposal. It may also be termed – service, as the process of planning, implementing and controlling the efficient and cost effective transfer of raw materials, in-process inventory, finished products and related information, from consumption to the point of origin, for the purpose of recapturing value of proper disposal. While the primary sectors involved in making use of this process may be classified as the Pharmaceutical Sector, Retail sector, Automobile sector and the Electronics sector, we are mainly about to focus all our attention to the practices of ‘Reverse Logistics’ in the Indian Automobile Industry. To truly know why the whole idea of ‘Reverse Logistics’ assumes significance when considered in terms of the Automobile Industry, first we need to think of the nature of the final product i.e. Automobiles or Vehicles as we call them. The parameter one needs to look at is the life cycle of the product and what happens to the final product once it reaches the end of its useful life. By its very nature, it’s difficult to predict the life cycle of the final product. This is because; it is highly susceptible to the nuances of the human subjectivities. But even if we are unable to predict the duration of the life cycle, we have definitely...
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...FUELING SUSTAINABILITY THROUGH REVERSE LOGISTICS Renee Angelo LGMT 685 September 29, 2015 Table of Contents Executive Summary | 1 | Introduction | 2 | Sustainability in supply chain | 3 | Reverse Logistics | 4 | Defining Reverse Logistics | 4 | Returned product categories | 5 | Fueling sustainability through reverse logistics | 8 | Reverse logistics and the social component of sustainability | 8 | Reverse logistics and the environmental component of sustainability | 9 | Reverse logistics and the financial component of sustainability | 10 | Conclusions | 11 | References | 12 | Executive Summary The concept of reverse logistics is basically driven by wide range of aspects, most particularly in obtaining sustainability. Because of the fact that environmental awareness as well as numerous environment-related regulations has constantly put pressure on various companies, particularly manufacturers, in proper disposal of used products in a more environmentally responsible way, reverse logistics is now a mainstream concern for companies. This study argues that reverse logistics could fuel business sustainability. Based on the findings, reverse logistics play significant roles in achieving economic, social and environmental sustainability, which are the three basic components of sustainability in business perspective. Key evidences from literature supported the arguments. Introduction It is apparent that the capability of a company...
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...PGP2015-17 Project Report on Recent trends in Ecommerce logistic and their adaptation in Steel Logistics process To Mr. Gopal Kapoor & Mr. Alok Singh Student Name: - Suraj Tripathy Roll number: - PGP/19/350 Introduction The fast development of information and mobile technology in the past few years is changing many aspects of our lives i.e. how we look for the information we seek, how we plan our travel and most of all how we buy products or services. Even though classic store based retail is still preferred, e-commerce, which involves buying and selling of products and services mainly through electronic channels, like computer, tablets, mobiles etc. is gaining ground. The most common form of e-commerce is online shopping. Ecommerce can be of mainly three categories. Most common is business to consumer e-commerce (B2C), where individual customers order various products online, which they then receive through courier, parcel or by post. Second category of e-commerce focuses mainly on transactions between companies or businesses, such as manufacturers and a wholesaler, similarly from wholesalers and retailers and vice versa is called business to business e-commerce (B2B). The next category of e-commerce refers to the transactions between...
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...Logistics is the management of the flow of goods, information and other resources, including energy and people, between the point of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet the requirements of consumers (frequently, and originally, military organizations). Logistics involve the integration of information, transportation, inventory, warehousing, material-handling, and packaging. Logistics is a channel of the supply chain which adds the value of time and place utility. Origins and definition The term "logistics" originates from the ancient Greek " " ("logos"—"ratio, λόγος word, calculation, reason, speech, oration"). Logistics is considered to have originated in the military's need to supply themselves with arms, ammunition and rations as they moved from their base to a forward position. In ancient Greek, Roman and Byzantine empires, there were military officers with the title ‘Logistikas’ who were responsible for financial and supply distribution matters. The Oxford English dictionary defines logistics as: “The branch of military science having to do with procuring, maintaining and transporting material, personnel and facilities.”Another dictionary definition is: "The time related positioning of resources." As such, logistics is commonly seen as a branch of engineering which creates "people systems" rather than "machine systems".... Military logistics In military logistics, logistics officers manage how and when to move resources to the places they are needed...
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...information for Supply Chain Management (A logistics Approach) Course Facilitator Muhammad Tariq Yousafzai Assistant Professor MBA Imsciences (Distinction Holder) MS Innovation and Business Creation Course syllabus Course literature Langley, Coyle, Gibson, Novack, Bardi (2009), Managing Supply Chains – a logistics approach, 8th edition, South-Western Aims The aim of the course is to achieve an understanding and knowledge about the supply chain and logistics, its Participants, functions and flows and how these are interrelated and interacting. It introduces the students to analyze logistic flows for different products and services within and between firms in the supply chain. Further, students will get an insight of how changes in one part of the chain will influence the whole supply chain and its development. Students will also learn about the role and importance of recycling and reverse logistics. Contents Starting from customer demands the course analyzes the flows through the firm, from procurement and inbound flows, manufacturing and distribution and how these flows in turn are linked to those of suppliers, wholesalers, distributors, retailers and other partners. This will include warehousing and inventory management, the role of transportation, operation management, reverse logistics and recycling logistics system and service logistics. Based on the analysis, the course will discuss...
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...LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT - INTRODUCTION Logistics management is that part of the supply chain which plans, implements and controls the efficient, effective, forward and backward (reverse) flow and storage of goods, services and information between the point of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet customers' requirements rather to the customers’ delight. A professional working in the field of logistics management is called a logistician. Logistics, as a business concept, evolved only in the 1950s. This was mainly due to the increasing complexity of supplying one's business with materials, and shipping out products in an increasingly globalized supply chain, calling for experts in the field who are called Supply Chain Logisticians. This can be defined as having the right item in the right quantity at the right time at the right place for the right price and to the right target customers (consumer); and it is the science of process having its presence in all sectors of the industry. The goal of logistics work is to manage the fruition of project life cycles, supply chains and resultant efficiencies. Logistics is concerned with getting (or transmitting) the products and services where they are needed or when they are desired. It is difficult to accomplish any marketing or manufacturing without logistical support. It involves the integration of information, transportation, inventory, warehousing, material handling, and packaging. The operating responsibility of...
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...department of the AMA, the assembly has used not less than seven temporary dumping grounds within the city perimeter to dispose the city’s solid waste, thus impacting public health and the environment in the last decade. This has led to public outrage and resulted in AMA and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) closing the last in-city landfill of Achimota. The city is now served by the new Tema sanitary landfill, located at Kpone, 30 kilometers from the city center. This facility was constructed and is operated by Zoomlion Ghana. Currently, nearly all recycling in Ghana is carried out by the informal recycling sector. Waste pickers collect recyclables by sorting through mixed waste on the streets or at the dumpsites. Some informal recyclers also collect waste by going house to house and offering incentives to the households. At several locations, the informal waste sector, AMA, EPA and private companies are collaborating. For example, the new Tema landfill provides a special shed for informal waste recyclers to sort out recyclables. Also, the new Accra Composting and Recycling Plant (ACARP) of Zoomlion has a nominal capacity of 600 tons per day (TPD) and currently accepting 300 TPD of mixed waste (Annepu & Themelis, 2013). 1.2 Statement of the problem The poor and indiscriminate disposal of refuse and its management at final disposal sites remains a bottle-neck faced by metropolitan authorities. Flooding and flood related loss and destruction of properties, traffic disruption...
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...CHAPTER 1 1.0 Introduction and background: The complete idea of "green supply chain management" or GSCM was initially stated by the (MRC) Manufacturing Research consortium at Michigan University of the United States in 1997. Green production network in pharmaceutical is wherever pharmaceutical solutions are made and expended. Pharmaceutical is a sector which isamong one of the most organized sectors of Pakistan. For Pharmaceutical industry, Counterfeiting is a major concern. Counterfeit medicines are which are fraudly mislabeled with respect to the identity of a company’s name and image. Counterfeit drugs may contain improper ingredients i.e. which is not active, ingredients which have not right consistency or zero active ingredients in all. This problem is global in nature and it is very difficult to know the exact figures of this problem. Medicines are mostly very expensive; if a customer receives a falsified medicine and if his or hers expectations are not met then they lose trust in Pharmaceutical Company which in return decreases the profits of the company. It includes medicines which contain wrong amount of ingredient, active ingredient and sometimes fake packing.In Pakistan this problem is at very high length. Preceding the specific vocation strategy, crude material is at times referred to as "utilized". Notwithstanding, as a consequence of "utilized" material or stock assumed for repair or remanufacture, we have a tendency to utilize the expression "reused" for clarity...
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...Globalizing Indian Manufacturing Competing in Global Manufacturing and Service Networks A Report on the Summit on Indian Manufacturing Competitiveness by Deloitte Research, the Indian School of Business, New York University, and Purdue University with support from the National Science Foundation Table of Contents Executive Summary: Globalizing Indian Manufacturing .......... 1 Competing in Global Manufacturing and Service Networks ..... 5 The path to becoming competitive ............................................... 5 Cracking the code for success in emerging markets...................... 5 Overcoming the size barrier.......................................................... 6 Growth strategies for Indian manufacturing ................................ 7 Indian Manufacturing and Global Competitiveness .................. 8 Scale and innovation ................................................................... 8 Reverse currents: Going overseas for growth ............................... 9 Going global with pharmaceuticals .............................................. 9 The opportunity in the food chain ............................................. 10 Becoming suppliers of choice ..................................................... 10 Simplifying India for global retailers ........................................... 11 Multinational Companies Entering Indian Markets ................. 12 From India to the world............................................
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...carbon footprint based reverse logistics network design model Devika Kannan a,∗ , Ali Diabat b , Mahmoud Alrefaei c , Kannan Govindan d , Geng Yong e,∗ a Indian Institute of Industrial Engineering, Navi Mumbai, India Engineering Systems and Management, Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates c Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Jordan University of Science and technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan d Department of Business and Economics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark e Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, PR China b a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 2 March 2011 Received in revised form 12 March 2012 Accepted 12 March 2012 Keywords: Carbon footprint Reverse logistics Greenhouse emissions Case study a b s t r a c t Due to the environmental legislation and regulations, manufacturing firms have realized the importance of adopting environmental friendly supply chain management (SCM) practices. In this paper, a mixed integer linear model is developed for a carbon footprint based reverse logistics network design. The proposed model aims at minimizing climate change (specifically, the CO2 footprint), and it employs reverse logistics activities to recover used products, hence combining the location/transportation decision problem. The proposed model is validated by examining a case study from the plastic sector. © 2012 Elsevier B...
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...production, commercial vehicles have registered a CAGR of 24.55% from 2001-02 to 2005-06; while passenger vehicles have registered a CAGR of 18.24%. There is a declining trend in mopeds production as well as in sales in the domestic market. During 2001-02, mopeds production and sales have declined at CAGR 2.93% and 5% respectively. Exports on a roll The significant development in Indian automobile sector is the outstanding growth of its exports. From 2001-02 to 2005-06, total exports of automobile sector has gone up at CAGR of 44.56%. Exports of motorcycle segment have registered highest annual growth rate of 61.42% during this period. This has clearly indicated that Indian automobile sector is going global. Chart- 2: Export Trend in Indian Automobiles (‘000 units) 900 800 700 806.49 600 Overview of Indian automobile and auto components industry Indian automobile industry is riding high with overwhelming economic growth rate of 8.4% in 2005-06. The industry has been growing at CAGR of 16.33% from 2001-02 to 2005-06 in terms of production. Booming IT/ITES sector, manufacturing industry (namely textile, pharmaceutical and engineering) and real estate have contributed to this high growth in automobile industry in the country. This is easy to understand because the per capita disposable income of the people has gone up remarkably. Over the last five years, per...
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...THE CONCEPT OF REVERSE LOGISTICS. A REVIEW OF LITERATURE1 Isabel Fernández Quesada2 ABSTRACT This paper aims at providing a review of Reverse Logistics concept from a broad set of articles, published mainly in the last decade. From their reading, the author has detected the lack of a desirable largely accepted consensus on what constitutes Reverse Logistics, either on what the range of activities should be included within its scope or how to denominate each of its options in a not fuzzy way. The clarification of the concept matters for several reasons. On the one hand, most of the so called, environmental regulations -which have been passed in a growing manner, in recent years and in many parts of the world- usually mention some objectives to be reached in certain periods of time, in relation to some of the Reverse Logistics activities (being perhaps the most common one, recycling targets). Given that not only consumers, but also both companies and municipalities are committed with these goals, it would be handy and desirable to have a clear idea of what is meant by each denomination and the implications that each one may have. On the other hand, having a definite guideline of this conceptual framework would allow for some comparative studies about the different levels of implementation within the members of the chain or between different channels, being more accurate and reliable. On the previous literature review basis, the paper concludes by providing a reasoned characterization...
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...the industries associated with the manufacturing of two wheelers, three wheelers and four wheelers-such as cars and trucks. The major Indian players include Maruti, Mahindra and Mahindra, Tata Motors, Ashok Leyland, Bajaj Auto and TVS Motors. In 1990s and after, Indian automotive industry saw many foreign players establishing their manufacturing and assembly plants in India, catering to the Indian market. Major foreign players include Toyota, Hyundai, General Motors and Volkswagen Group. Major automotive hubs in India are Chennai, NCR and Pune. As the operations of automotive industry are increasing rapidly in terms of volume and complexity, companies in India need to follow global standards and best practices for achieving optimization of their supply chain. One of the practices, which are followed by leading companies, is fourth party logistics (4PL) company, or a lead logistics provider (LLP) Need for 4PL 1) Concept Definition: Lead Logistics provider or 4PL 4PL is term introduced by Accenture in 1996.It describes 4PL as an "integrator that assembles the resources, capabilities, and technology of its own organization and other organizations to design supply chain solutions". 4PL i.e fourth party logistics provider is a company which re-designs a manufacturer’s or retailer’s supply chain; implements the solution and then manages the logistics companies required as part of the overall solution. 4PL provider is also referred as Lead Logistics provider(LLP) which manages a range...
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...+ Models OPEMAN-559; No of Pages 8 Journal of Operations Management xxx (2007) xxx–xxx www.elsevier.com/locate/jom Sustainable supply chains: An introduction Jonathan D. Linton a,*, Robert Klassen b, Vaidyanathan Jayaraman c a Paul Desmarais Professor in the Management of Technological Enterprises, School of Management, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. K1N 6N5, Canada b Ivey School of Management, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., Canada c Department of Management, School of Business, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA Abstract Consideration is given to the convergence of supply chains and sustainability. In doing so, the focus on environmental management and operations is moved from local optimization of environmental factors to consideration of the entire supply chain during the production, consumption, customer service and post-disposal disposition of products. This is a critical and timely topic that captures increasing concerns over sustainability, whether driven by current legislation, public interest, or competitive opportunity. As such, sustainable development is a rich area for academic research that is still in its infancy and has the potential to affect future government policy, current production operations, and identify new business models. This paper provides a background to better understand current trends in this multidisciplinary field that intersect with operations management, and the research opportunities and challenges it...
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