...20th May, 2014 Important Announcement Attention: Intermediate (IPC) and Final Course students- May 2015 examinations and onwards Subject: Revision of the syllabus for May 2015 examinations and onwards pursuant to enactment of the Companies Act, 2013 As students may be aware, the Companies Act, 2013 has been notified in the Official Gazette on 30th August, 2013 stating that different dates may be appointed for enforcement of different provisions of this Act through notification of the Central Government in this regard. Having regard to the above development, the Council at its 333th meeting, revised the syllabus in a comprehensive manner in the following papers of Intermediate (IPC) and Final Course(s) as annexed herewith (shown in Bold cum Italics): Intermediate (IPC) Course Paper 1: Accounting (Group I) Paper 2: Business Laws, Ethics and Communication (Group I) Paper 5: Advanced Accounting (Group II) Paper 6: Auditing and Assurance (Group II) Final Course Paper 3: Advanced Auditing and Professional Ethics (Group I) Paper 4: Corporate and Allied Laws (Group I) Director, Board of Studies Annexure SYLLABUS PAPER 1: ACCOUNTING (One paper – Three hours – 100 Marks) Level of Knowledge : Working Knowledge Objectives : (a) To lay a foundation for the preparation and presentation of financial statements, (b) To gain working knowledge of the principles and procedures of accounting and their application to different practical situations, (c) To gain the ability to solve simple problems...
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...SAS 99 AND ITS CHALLENGES TO THE ACCOUNTING PROFESSION Submitted by: Ronneil I. Capones Consideration of Fraud in a Financial Statement Audit, also known as Statement on Auditing Standard 99 was issued in November 2002. It is a revision to improve the deficiencies of SAS 82 with regards to audit process and quality (Marczewski and Akers, 2005, p. 38). The revision of SAS 82 was started prior to the huge accounting scandals that shook public confidence in the reliability of audits. Nevertheless, it gave the accounting profession more focus on tackling the issues of fraud detection on audits Three key fraud risk factors are classified and described in SAS 99; incentive/pressure to perpetrate fraud, opportunity to carry out the fraud, and attitude/ability to rationalize the fraudulent action. Incentives or pressure to perpetrate fraud may arise from the threat of losing profitability as a result of failures in the industry, declining product demand, frequent negative cash flows from operations, threat of losing job because of pressure from management to meet analysts’ expectations are a few examples (Casabona and Grego, 2003, p. 17). Opportunities to carry out fraud are characterized by the following conditions; abundance of transactions with related parties not within the normal course of business, unusual complex transactions coupled with subjective judgments, ineffective monitoring by management, board of directors, and audit committee (Casabona and Grego, 2003, p.17)...
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...financial statements of a subsequent period. In addition this report also incorporates management representation and consideration of an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern. There may be times when new information may come to an auditor's attention subsequent to the date of their report of an audited financial statements, this might affect the previously issued report. With information form the PCAOB this report describes how a subsequent audits should be followed by any auditor who becomes aware that facts may have existed at that time of the original audit of the financial statement. When performing an integrated audit of financial statements and internal control over financial reporting, refer to paragraph 98 of PCAOB Auditing Standard No. 5, which relays that an audit of internal control over financial reporting should be integrated with an audit of financial statements, this will provide directions, with respect to the subsequent discovery of information existing on the date of the auditor's final report. Most of the guidelines are set out only in general terms. Which in this case if a specific action is need to be taken into account, then a in this particular case the findings may vary depending on the situation presented. The auditor would be well advised to consult with an attorney when he or she encounters any situation that may hinder the...
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...CASE 1.6 NEXTCARD, INC. Jeremy Lent, a chief financial officer (CFO) with Providian Financial Corporation decided to apply the marketing tactics used by Providian to establish an internet based company to offer Internet users a faster way to obtain credit cards. Lent hired dozens of marketing researchers to analyze the “surfing habits of Internet users. With this information the marketing team developed an Internet-based advertising campaign to target internet users that frequently used their credit cards and maintained large balances due to purchases made over the internet. NextCard advertised to new customers if they applied on line a response would be received within 30 seconds. Lents business model was a success and by 2000 and had more daily hits than any other credit card issuer. Other well established credit card affiliates referred potential clients to NextCard. NextCard had extended more than $1 billion of credit to internet customers but unfortunately profits were not immediate which the executives ignored to disclose in any press releases. A NextCard executive boasted in February of 2000 that the “company continues to beat our aggressive growth targets while maintaining very strong parameters and core elements of our business model” (Knapp, p 6). In 1999 the company produced a large loss of about $77.2 million. NextCard was able to take the company public with stock price initialing selling for $20 per share regardless of large losses for each reporting...
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...KENYA METHODIST UNIVERSITY BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE AND ACCOUNTING ACCT 432: AUDITING 1 COURSE OUTLINE GENERAL OBJECTIVE To introduce students to the concept of the audit of financial statements and the issues surrounding the audit of such statements EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES By the end of the course, the student is expected to be able to; a) b) c) d) e) f) Explain what is an audit and the qualifications and duties of an auditor Understand the legal and professional rules governing the audit and the auditor Able to design an adequate internal control system Able to design an audit plan and an audit program to conduct an audit Able to audit a computerized client Able to design an audit report Week Topics Content Time (Hours) Definition of auditing 3 Distinction between auditing and accounting Objectives of an audit Types of audits Appointment of an auditor Qualifications of auditors 6 1 GENERAL ENVIRONMENT AUDIT 2-3 THE LEGAL PROFFESIONAL AND Week Topics Content Time (Hours) Rights of auditors Dismissal and duties of auditors REQUIREMENTS AUDITOR 4 OF AN CONDUCTING AN AUDIT 5-6 ERRORS, FRAUD AND OTHER IRREGULARITIES 7 INTERNAL SYSTEMS CONTROL 8 9-10 CAT AUDIT EVIDENCE General audit steps 3 Accepting an audit engagement Letter of engagement Planning an audit Types of errors 6 Fraud Detection, correction and prevention of errors and fraud Role of the auditor in respect...
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...Subjects for study Six subjects and Seven Papers of study in IPCC are – Group I Paper 1: Accounting (100 marks) Paper 2: Law, Ethics and Communication Part I: Law (60 marks) Business Laws (30 marks) Company Law (30 marks) Part II: Business Ethics (20 marks) Part III: Business Communication (20 marks) Paper 3: Cost Accounting and Financial Management Part I: Cost Accounting (50 marks) Part II: Financial Management (50 marks) Paper 4: Taxation Part I: Income-tax (50 marks) Part II: Service Tax (25 marks) and VAT (25 marks) Group II Paper 5: Advanced Accounting (100 marks) Paper 6: Auditing and Assurance (100 marks) Paper 7: Information Technology and Strategic Management Section A: Information Technology (50 marks) Section B: Strategic Management (50 marks) The level of knowledge expected of students in the above subjects is ‘working knowledge’. INTEGRATED PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE COURSE (IPCC) Syllabus GROUP I OF IPCC/ ACCOUNTING TECHNICIAN COURSE (ATC) Paper 1: Accounting (One paper – three hours – 100 marks) Level of Knowledge: Working Knowledge Objectives: (a) (b) (c) (d) To lay a foundation for the preparation and presentation of financial statements; To gain working knowledge of the principles and procedures of accounting and their application to different practical situations; To gain the ability to solve simple problems and cases relating to sole proprietorship, partnership and companies; and To familiarize students with the fundamentals of computerized system of accounting...
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...Name ACCT525 Week 6 Assignment 1. What efforts is the Auditing Standards Board making to clarify auditing standards? There are efforts on the United States side to clarify the auditing standards. The Auditing Standard Boards [of the United States], which sets auditing standards for nonpublicly traded entities, has launched the Clarity Project in an effort to make U.S. Generally Accepted Audited Standards (GAAS) easier to read, understand, and apply. The Clarity Project includes the goal of working toward convergence of U.S. auditing standards with International Standards on Auditing (ISA). This convergence project is attempting to make auditing standards coordinated or comparable throughout the world. Additionally, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) adopted a suite of eight auditing standards related to the auditor’s assessment of, and response to, risk in an audit. The eight new risk assessment standards address the audit procedures from the initial planning stages through the final evaluation of audit procedures and results. As a result, the PCAOB auditing standards and ISAs have more similarities than ever before. 2. Describe the five key differences between ISA’s and US Auditing Standards. Even so, there are still some differences between ISA’s and U.S. Auditing Standards. The five key differences between ISA’s and US Auditing Standards are: documentation of audit procedures; going-concern considerations; assessing and reporting on internal...
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...Auditing Introduction Letter Hector J. Mercado-Santiago Auditing – ACC/546 Rafael Marrero-Díaz 26 de marzo de 2011 Auditing Introduction Letter Para: Apollo Shoes, Inc. De: Anderson, Olds, and Watershed Estimado Apollo Shoes, Inc. Primero que nada quiero agradecerle la oportunidad brindada para explicarle algunos puntos importantes relacionados a nuestra firma y los servicios que brinda. También antes de comenzar nos gustaría explicarle que auditoria significa “la acumulación y evaluación de la evidencia sobre la información que determina y reporta sobre el grado de correspondencia entre la información y los criterios establecidos”. (Arens, Elder, Beasley, 2006). Anderson, Olds, and Watershed tiene un enfoque de auditoria exitosa, y como auditor de esta firma nos aseguramos de que hay suficiente evidencia para ser auditada, como comprobar el control presente del ambiente IT de la empresa, los procedimientos sobre prueba de controles, la planificación de procedimientos de auditoría, y ayudar a otros auditores y expertos. Nuestra firma ofrece servicios de auditoría y muchas garantías que son beneficiosas para la empresa. Estos servicios consisten en cuatro diferentes tipos de certificación que le dan un informe sobre la fiabilidad de una afirmación. 1. Auditoría de estados financieros históricos 2. La eficacia sobre el control interno sobre la información financiera 3. Revisión de los estados financieros históricos 4. Otros servicios de certificación...
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...Gino Corasaniti Ethics Paper ACC223 11/20/11 In the accounting community, the AICPA is the certification issuing body for the CPA, and the IMA is the certification issuing body for the CMA. The AICPA stands for the “American Institute of CPA’s”, while IMA stands for the “Institute of Management Accountants”. The AICPA has six major roles in which it contributes to the well-being of accountants (Melancon, 2002). The first role is to obtain a larger involvement from the user’s of financial statements in establishing auditing standards. A second role of the AICPA is to serve as a liaison between market institutions and corporations. Also the AICPA promotes research for investors into topics that can help these individuals protect themselves against fraud. One group that does this is the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners. A fourth role is the continuous change in education rules for CPA’s. Currently, the AICPA is trying to require more credits on fraud detection. They also try and help develop educational and training materials in include in college courses. A fifth role of the AICPA is to work with other standard-setters in increasing the transparency of financial and business reporting. This is very beneficial to the community because it allows investors to be more informed before they invest in a company. It allows for safer investments. The last role of the AICPA is to promote strong corporate governance and internal controls. The IMA is also highly involved in...
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...Auditing a Publicly Traded Company ACC/541 June 8, 2015 MEMO TO: Manager FROM: DATE: SUBJECT: Auditing a Publicly Traded Company ________________________________________________________________________ An objective of any publicly traded corporation is to make a return. There are many influences, which can be contributed in completing this goal. The most significant factor is compliance with the accounting governing bodies, such as GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles). As an accounting firm, it is vital to examine your financial statements on a constant basis. You will need to look for the accounting handling of share-based payment and accounting consolidation theory, as it pertains to special purpose entities and consolidations (Schroeder, Clark, & Cathey, 2011). Share-Based Payments are another way for a publicly held company to offer compensation to his or her employees or other parties, without using the company’s assets. These compensation awards are usually a set number of stocks within the organization. There was already a system in place to account for these transactions, but a revision to the Statement No. 123 was made in 2004. This statement was geared toward Share-Based Payments and was released December 16, 2004, with the original Statement being published in 1995. This revision was created to provide more accurate financial information to users of publicly traded entities, such as our client. Costs incurred by share-based transactions...
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...Queensland University of Technology Faculty of Business School of Accountancy AYN411 Audit & Assurance – Semester 1, 2013 Final Exam Revision Questions Additional Resources AYN411 Audit & Assurance – Semester 1, 2013 Final Exam Revision Questions Additional Resources Final Exam Revision QUESTION 1 – Audit Planning a. The Auditing Standard ASA 300 ‘Planning an Audit of a Financial Report’ states that the auditor needs to plan the audit so it will be performed in an effective way, by establishing the overall audit strategy for the audit and developing the overall audit plan. Required: List four benefits to the auditor in properly planning an audit engagement. L3 (slide 28) Properly planning an audit engagement helps the auditor to: * Devote appropriate attention to important areas of the audit * Identify and resolve potential problems on a timely basis * Properly organise and manage the audit engagement efficiently * Select an engagement team with appropriate expertise * Facilitate supervision of the engagement team members (inc. review of work) * Co-ordinate work done by auditors and experts * Render the correct audit report b. The following is a list of four activities carried out by the auditor during the planning phase of the audit. Planning Procedure 1. Client acceptance/continuance decision 2. Obtain an understanding of the entity and it’s environment 3. Assess client business risk 4....
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...Theoretical and Applied Economics Volume XVIII (2011), No. 9(562), pp. 61-70 Limiting Civil Liability in the Sphere of Business Auditing Carmen COSTULEANU University “Petre Andrei”, Iaşi ccostuleanu@yahoo.com Ionel BOSTAN University “Al. I. Cuza”, Iaşi ionel_bostan@yahoo.com Emil HOROMNEA University “Al. I. Cuza”, Iaşi emil.horomnea@yahoo.com Marcel COSTULEANU University “Gr.T. Popa”, Iaşi mcostuleanu@yahoo.com Carmen CODREANU University “Petre Andrei”, Iaşi codrcarmen@yahoo.com Abstract. The statutory audit of business entities is represented by the audit of annual financial accounts or consolidated financial accounts, according to the Community legislation transposed in national regulations. Negligence or imprudence in performing the activities related to this type of audit entail special consequences. It is to some of the elements derived from this context that we refer in this paper, especially as there is often the underlying risk for the auditor to be held liable. It is worth noting that one cannot claim several compensations for the same action. Then, the auditor is not jointly liable with the other authors of the illicit actions which have caused damages. On the other hand, limited liability does not apply to the situations when it has been proven that the auditor has breached his professional duties with direct intent. Keywords: auditing contract; insurance; negligence/imprudence in the performance of duties; civil liability; faults; offences; damages. JEL Codes: M14...
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...Enron, Arthur Andersen, WorldCom, and Tyco, these corporate names are heard and scandal is what it thought. When corporate names become associated with scandal and greed, public confidence begins to falter. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) came to be in July 2002 and introduced major changes to the regulation of corporate governance and financial practices. Also like other regulatory requirements, some sections of the act are more pertinent to compliance than others. Sarbanes-Oxley has been called by many the most far-reaching U.S. securities legislation in years. Now, all companies required to file periodic reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) have new duties for reporting and corporate obligation. Non-compliance comes with significant penalties. Compliance with the legislation is not a difficult task, it should be addressed with a method using proper analysis and study. Compliance should be part of the plan and implemented as a norm. The SOX is arranged into eleven titles. Within these titles the most important sections that have to deal with compliance are considered to be 302, 401, 404, 409, 802, and 906. According to "A Guide to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act" (2003)” Section 404 of the Act requires publicly traded companies to include the following information in their annual financial reporting: • A statement of management's responsibility for establishing and maintaining an adequate internal control structure and procedures; • Management’s assessment, as...
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...Awesu-Satar Bambo.M Project Management Oversight are the various set of processes and principles which guide and improve the management of projects. The Key oversight activities at the Project Level are: * Revision of project goals. * Assists in tracking project bottlenecks. * Revision of status reports prepared by the project manager. * Authorization of major nonconformity to the original project scope. * Revision and Auditing of the prepared project lessons learned. * Enhance the Project manager on deciding on issues to be raised at any stage or phase of the project. * Cancelation of the project whenever it’s deemed fit. The objectives of an oversight Includes but not limited to: Using the past experience towards the improvement of the new project. Helping and supporting the project manager whenever the need arise. Determination of the environment in which the project manager will be implementing a project which may have positive or negative consequence. To give an avenue for the project manager to report at a fixed phase of the project. Give an avenue for performance measurement. Some of the types of project oversight are the: * Project Management Office (PMO) * Phase gate Methodology * Portfolio Project Management PMO The project management office (PMO) also known as the project office (PO) is the unit saddled with the responsible of continual support of reliable project standards, selection criteria...
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...Enhancement of corporate reputation and investor relations by establishing the company as a responsible corporate citizen.” (DIVERSIFYING THE BOARD) 1.2 restatement of financial reports “A restatement is the revision and publication of one or more of a company's previous financial statements; it is necessary when it is determined a previous statement contains a material inaccuracy.” The errors can be discovered by internal auditing process or by a third party during standard examinations of a company’s business practices. When a public listed company plan to amend its financial statements, it must file SEC form 8-K within four days to notify investors of non-reliance on previously issued financial statements. It also needs to file amended 10-Q forms for the affected quarters and possibly amended 10-Ks depending on how many accounting periods are affected by the erroneous data. 2. the relation between the diversity of B.O.D and restatements “The presence of at one woman on a board was significantly associated with a lower likelihood of financial restatement.” (catalyst information center, July 2013) The occurrence of errors in published financial statements is a result of weak internal control, poor documentation of transactions and fraud. If the internal auditing process is efficient and the accounting division works well, most of the errors will be avoided before the publication of the financial reports. The survey shows that...
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