...Essay#1 Scientific revolution was a movement that took place in Europe during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. It marks a decisive break between the middle ages and the modern world. During this historical time, many scientific methods were discovered. Among them are mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology, medicine and chemistry. Along with these methods, tools such as microscope, thermometer, sextant and slide rule were invented to be used for scientific research. Talented people from around the world during this time period used their knowledge to come up with these scientific methods and utilized them to answer many other questions. Some of their findings are known as formulas. Today’s generation use these formulas as theories and tries to develop them to solve problems. Observation, experiment and invention existed as early as middle ages but in the mid-15th century the belief about the physical universe was questioned. Curiosity among talented people around the world intensified. This ultimately led to development of science. In 1543, Nicolaus Copernicus published the Revolution of the Heavenly Spheres. His model of the Universe was alternative to Claudius Ptolemy’s geocentric system which was widely accepted since ancient times. It is believed that Copernicus’s theory of Revolution of the Heavenly Spheres lit the torch in scientific revolution. In 1576, Tycho Brahe set up Uranilborgh observatory. It was a huge step in astronomy. The mystery of the...
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...ANNOTATED SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR HISTORICAL INTERPRETATIONS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN BRITAIN Gerard M Koot History Department University of Massachusetts Dartmouth Allen, Robert C., The British Industrial Revolution in a Global Perspective, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009. Pp. viii, 331. Allen’s book is an excellent example of the persuasiveness of the new economic history. It is solidly rooted in statistical data and uses sophisticated methods of economic analysis but its analysis is presented in plain English. He argues that the first industrial revolution occurred in northwestern Europe because its high wages during the early modern period encouraged technological innovation. Although high wages were initially a consequence of the demographic disaster of the Black Death, they were reinforced during the early modern period by the economic success of the region around the North Sea, first, in European trade and manufacturing, especially in wresting the textile industry from the Italians, and then in world trade. According to Allen, the first industrial revolution took place in Britain instead of the Low Countries primarily because of Britain’s abundant and cheap coal resources, combined with the central government’s ability to use mercantilist policies and naval power to reap the greatest benefits from an expanding European and world trade. Once it had taken the lead from the Dutch, and defeated the French, Britain used its comparative advantage...
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...History 103g Did Women Have An Early Modern Europe During the emergence of the Early Modern Europe, nations were known to have developed both intellectually and culturally. Movements such as the Renaissance, Reformation, religious wars, scientific revolution, industrialization, Enlightenment, and French Revolution had brought about the nations’ development in terms of thoughts, expressions, and societal and political issues that characterized the Early Modern Europe. New knowledge was increasingly acquired. New thoughts on religion, natural, and political philosophy were increasingly developed. New instruments and machines were increasingly invented. Yet, only the males contributed to most of these tremendous developments, questioning whether or not women have an Early Modern Europe. Thus, to conclude whether women did experience an Early Modern Europe, women’s role on the movements that characterized the Early Modern Europe would have to be assessed. The period of the Renaissance was characterized by the emergence of a cultural movement, ‘humanism’, and classical art and architecture that are naturalistic, realistic, and humanistic. During this period, classical ideas were reintroduced in the increasing works of humanists and artists. Such include Petrarch’s ‘Rules for the Successful Ruler’, Machiavelli’s ‘From the Discourses on Livy’, Leonardo da Vinci’s ‘Vitruvian Man’, and Dürer’s ‘Adam and Eve’. These primary sources are all the works of male humanists and artists...
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...changes involved the concentration of workers into factories, mills and mines, access to fast transport and the emergence of the middle class. The Industrial Revolution brought about many cultural changes. Before the revolution, most people lived in the country, worked on farms, and travelled by horse, walking or boat. However, during the revolution, people moved to the cities to work in factories, cities became overcrowded, unsanitary, and polluted, and new ways of travelling were introduced including railroads, steamboats, and automobiles. This was a dramatic shift in the way of life for the average person and has made a huge impact on how the world works...
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...and Political Change Worksheet Agricultural Revolution Respond to each of the following questions in two to three sentences: 1. What are the three most important factors contributing to the agricultural revolution in Europe? The agricultural revolution took place courtesy of three key factors. These factors include warmer temperatures, the three-field system and better farming equipment. In which, contributed to the evolution of European living during medieval time. They increase the use and understanding of the traditional farming ways and techniques and put them towards more of a commercial use. They increase more land into production use and gathered more workers verses using more machines 2. How did the agricultural revolution change European society? Provide an example. The new way brought more productive way of farming in Europe reduced the need of manual laboring workers. This eliminated many jobs on farm lands, yet created coil mining jobs to help power the machines used on the farm also the techniques of farming approved on a larger scale. People were able to afford food at lessor price. This also gave them an option to be able to purchase things outside of food. Creating additional jobs for rural manufacturers to create more consumer goods. Industrial Revolution Respond to each of the following questions in two to three sentences: 1. What are the three most important factors contributing to the industrial revolution in Europe? The three are large population...
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...Economic, Political and Social Change Worksheet Michael Alexander History of Western Civilization from the French Revolution to the Present HIS/114 November 02, 2011 Nicole Vieille University of Phoenix Material Economic, Social, and Political Change Worksheet Agricultural Revolution Respond to each of the following questions in two to three sentences: 1. What are the three most important factors contributing to the agricultural revolution in Europe? The three factors that contributed were intensifying traditional practices, putting more land to produce more, and more workers to work the land. Because Europe was continuing to grow, the agricultural growth needed to expand. 2. How did the agricultural revolution change European society? Provide an example. Europe came up with an agricultural revolution to help advance their economy. They used their technique instead of using technology. Europe decided not to use machines, but continue to use human strength, this was to help their crop yields and this method has been used for centuries during population pressure. Industrial Revolution Respond to each of the following questions in two to three sentences: 1. What are the three most important factors contributing to the industrial revolution in Europe? Three of the important factors were the steam engine, the spinning jenny, and the smelting of iron with coke. These were three inventions, but they also had 100’s of new ideas that they applied...
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...The Rise Of The Scientific Revolution Sir Isaac Newton once said, “Plato is my friend, Aristotle is my friend, but my greatest friend is truth” (“Cambridge University Library - Newton Exhibition”). Truth really matters when it comes to the church telling lies and people believing their whole life. The Scientific Revolution started due to people questioning the church's ways. People did not agree with just believing the way the church said and have no reason to believe. It affected society by allowing more travel and new inventions to start a movement of creation known as the enlightenment. People started to realize the church used them for power and old them lies to get money and they stepped away lowing the power of the church sand starting...
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...class? During the nineteenth century, as urban populations grew, living conditions declined. People would crowd into cities due to the lack of transportation, sometimes with over 10 people in a single basement and without the proper knowledge of sanitation, they would literally let their poop flow down openly on the streets. Not to mention that more people died in cities than were born because disease spread so easily to the point where populations didn’t die out simply because of the immigrants. It wasn’t until the middle of the nineteenth century the people had enough of their unhygienic life-styles and called for improvement. One notable man in favor of improvement was Edwin Chadwick who, based on Jeremy Bentham’s idea of utilitarianism (the idea that people should move towards the “greatest good for the greatest number”), noticed that the sicknesses and the resulting deaths where probably one of the reasons for the horrible conditions. He suggested that the government take action and clean up the cities. Once the government stepped in the general public health improved dramatically. Certain intellectuals, such as chemist Louis Pasteur created the germ theory that said that diseases were spread through living organisms that they could control. New improved medical techniques appeared as well such as antiseptics that helped destroy deadly sickness like typhoid, typhus, and cholera leading to lower mortality rates. The society benefited greatly from these scientific advancements...
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...DBQ The scientific revolution started in the 16th century after the Renaissance era. The Renaissance means “rebirth” and during this time in the 14th and 16th century, a lot of people made observations and questioned their beliefs, and it opened up a window to mathematics, science, and the natural world. This took place in Europe mainly northern Italy which influenced the Scientific Revolution. Scientist developed new technology and theories, based on observation, and the natural world. Although scientists faced hardship in terms of government opposition, religious disagreement, and gender stereotype, Scientist created great advances in the 16th and 17th centuries. The government opposition, mainly monarchies in...
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...The Industrial Revolution and Its Long-Term Effects Introduction The Industrial Revolution has been viewed as one of the most influential events to occur on to the economic world in the history of modern society. The invention of many new items that all helped people performed certain tasks more efficiently lead the world to be able to produce many more goods in a much shorter time frame. The impact of the Industrial Revolution on the world as a whole was that it catapulted the world economy into an almost frenzy like state, in which people had access to a much wider variety of goods and services offered to them by businesses. The impact that this event had on the worker’s life was not necessarily a good or bad thing, however. With the advent of new, more efficient technology, workers were able to more easily accomplish certain tasks that would have taken them a much longer time to complete before the start of the Industrial Revolution, however there were some serious negative side effects of such a quick influx of technology. With such new practices and ideas put into the workplace, many workers were expected to be as efficient as the new ways of producing a product or service, and as a result, their health and safety were often overlooked. The Industrial Revolution has had lasting effects on the entire population in almost every facet of our lives, as both consumers and workers, and will always be remembered as one of the driving forces behind the way in which the modern...
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...traditional ideals and values would be lost with the changing times. The post – war time period in America was one of great controversy, with modernism on one side and conventionalism on the other. As America journeyed through the 1920’s, a power struggle between conservatives and liberals came to light due to the past events of World War I, the Progressive Era, and the Industrial Revolution. This tension was shown with a shift in viewpoints about immigration, foreign diplomacy, women’s role in the country, and the social aspects of American life. World War I had been a war unlike any other that America had been involved in thus far. It shed the archaic beliefs of isolationism and put the nation in a global spotlight as a major world super power. However, a portion of America still believed in seclusion, as shown when America chose not to join the League of Nations after much controversy in the Senate over the ratification of the post – war Treaty of Versailles in 1919. This was the first strike of tension in America due to the war effort. Additionally, the “Red Scare”, caused by Communism in Russia during the “Great War”, changed citizens’ ideas about immigrants. The once open - minded, diversified nation now began to adopt the theory of “Americanism.” Many wanted majority of Americans to solely be white, Anglo – Saxon Protestants. The article written by Hiram Wesley Evans, “The Klan’s Fight for Americanism”, featured in March, 1926 issue of The North American Review demonstrates...
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...Industrialization of American Society The Industrial Revolution precipitated the world's second great increase in economic productivity. The first occurred 15,000-20,000 years ago during the Neolithic Revolution, when small communities became less nomadic and began to base their existence on animal husbandry and agriculture. The Industrial Revolution, which began in the mid-1700s and lasted into the mid-1800s, was similarly a revolutionary experience. It increased material wealth, extended life, and was a powerful force for social change. It undermined the centuries-old class structure in Europe and reorganized the economic and philosophical worldview of the West. Preindustrial Europe was static and based upon privilege. The most powerful social group was the aristocracy. Its power came from the ownership of the means of production; this consisted of possessing the land and the mills that transformed the crops into material that could be processed into food. The class that labored to produce the agricultural wealth was the peasantry. They were at the bottom of society, and their lives were dictated by both the seasons and the direction of the landowner. They worked the noble's land and used his mills to process their grain. The lord also had the right to impose a tax demanding a certain number of days' labor from the peasants. The construction and repair of roads, dams, windmills, and canals were completed as a result of this tax. Directly above the peasants were the artisans...
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...University of Phoenix Material Economic, Social, and Political Change Worksheet Agricultural Revolution Respond to each of the following questions in 2 or 3 sentences: 1. What are the three most important factors that contributed to the agricultural revolution in Europe? The factors include warmer temperatures, the three-field system and better farming equipment. In which, contributed to the evolution of European living during medieval time. 2. How did the agricultural revolution change European society? Provide an example. The new found, more productive way of farming in Europe reduced the need of manual laboring workers. This eliminated many jobs on farm lands, yet created coil mining jobs to help power the machines used on the farm. Industrial Revolution Respond to each of the following questions in 2 or 3 sentences: 1. What are the three most important factors that contributed to the industrial revolution in Europe? Large population, capital, and people with scientific knowledge and entrepreneurial skills were among the social and economic factors that helped make the Industrial Revolution possible. 3. Describe working conditions in factories and mines between 1800 and 1850. What was life like for a typical worker? Reference at least one primary source to support your response. -Mechanization deprived skilled craftworkers of control of the workplace. In Great Britain, France, and Germany, groups of textile...
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...The Gilded Age and the Progressive Era are time periods that were significant in the growth of the American society. The Gilded occurred during the 1870’s to about 1900. Gilded, meaning wealth, refers to the flawless and neat society. However, underneath the gold, there is discrimination, corruption, and poverty. Although the gilded age was a time of industrial, economic and innovative accomplishments, discrimination against immigrants, poverty, gender oppression and political corruption were notable. The term was created by Mark Twain. Known as the second industrial revolution The Gilded Age was manufacturing and transporting goods became increasingly easy with the aid of machines and new railroads. Many breakthroughs and technological innovations...
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...The Stamp act called for a physical stamp which had to be used for every document that came in and out of every colonies (Dennis Lecture Notes). The Stamp Act was not only a violation of privacy but also represented the exintion of colonial liberty. The Sons of Liberty was one of the many such groups that sprang up during the Stamp Act crisis of 1765 (FonerVOF 89). The sons of Liberty posted notices reading “Liberty,Property and No Stamps” and took the lead in enforcing the boycott of British imports (Dennis Lecture Notes). Furthermore, the Sons of Liberty wrote in the Diabolical Project of Enslaving Africans it is essential to the freedom and security of free people, that no taxes be imposed without the citizens consent (Foner VOF89). Soon,merchants throughought the colonies agreed to boycott British goods until Parliament repealed the Stamp Act (Foner GMl,180). In a sense, by seeking to impose uniformity on the colonies rather than dealing with them individually as in the past,Parliament had inadvertently united America...
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