...Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was the shah of Iran for about from 1941 to his overthrown by the Iranian revolution on February 11, 1979. He took the title of the shah from his father who was the last shaw. Iran was a poor and uncivilized country and when Russia wanted to move forward the completely control of the country the Unites States helped to gave him back the throne and power of his country. Pahlavi wanted to Westernize his country and transformed his country in a modern Iran. The shaw had suffered a lot of criticism because many believed that the Westernization did not follow the Islam religion. Also the lower class were discontented by the unfair conditions of how the corrupted government was working toward them. Another aspect that...
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...Connecting to eduroam via Android The following instructions are intended for users who wish to connect to the eduroam service using "Android" based devices e.g. HTC Desire. 1. Browse to [Settings] on your device (Figure 1) and ensure that your Wi-Fi service is switched on. A list of available networks will be listed. 2. Select the "eduroam" network (Figure 2). You will now be prompted to enter your credentials. Select the [EAP Method] as "PEAP" and [Phase 2 Authentication] as "MSCHAPv2". Now enter your username in the [identity] field in the following format (as below), followed by your normal password and "connect" (Figure 3). Student User: Staff User: firstname.lastname@mail.bcu.ac.uk firstname.lastname@bcu.ac.uk 3. You can confirm your connection settings have been saved by going back to the list of available networks (Figure 2). Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Users of the eduroam service must abide by Birmingham City University’s Code of Conduct, and any equivalent policies at visited institutions, in addition to the Janet eduroam Policy. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure their device is password protected to secure any saved credentials stored on the machine used for accessing eduroam. This may be in the form of a passcode on a mobile apple device for example, or windows user account equivalent. If you are having trouble connecting to eduroam using these instructions please contact the Birmingham City University Service Desk on 0121 331 6543 or...
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...یک مدل زمانبندی و برنامه ریزی پیشرفته تولید ( APPS ) دو سطحی برای تولید یک پارچه با بهره گیری از تکنولوژی RFID معرفی در دهه گذشته، بخش های تولیدی منافع مهمی در دستیابی به برنامه های کاربردی RFID (شناسایی فرکانس رادیویی) داشتند. در این زمینه، برای یکپارچه سازی برنامه ریزی تولید و زمانبندی که دستاوردی از هوش جمعی است انگیزه هایی بوجود آمد، از آن جمله: با استفاده از زمانبندی و برنامه ریزی پیشرفته (APPS) نهایی شده، مبتنی بر محیطی که با بهره گیری از زمان واقعی ( real-time ) برآمده از تکنولوژی RFID یکپارچه شده باشد، عملیات تولیدی موثر تر و سریع تر انجام می شود. در اینجا، APPS در تولید فروشگاهی ( shop floor manufacturing ) یکپارچه شده با زمان واقعی مبتنی بر تکنولوژی RFID، ویژگی های کلیدی دارد که با انواع سایت های تولیدی مورد مقایسه قرار خواهد گرفت. اولاً، تصمیم گیری یک سلسله روش هایی را استفاده می کند که به 2 سطح تقسیم می شوند: 1. برنامه ریزی و 2. زمانبندی تولید. در سطح برنامه ریزی، سفارشات تولیدی تکرار می شوند تا اختلافات زمان تمام شده و موعد مقرر انجام کار را به حداقل برسانند. در سطح برنامه ریزی، مشاغل در یک توالی بهینه مشخص توصیف می شوند تا یک شغل به نحوی پردازش شود که یک ماشین یا اپراتور تاخیر کل را به حداقل برساند. از برنامه ریزی تا زمانبندی، یک سفارش تولیدی ممکن است به چند دسته تقسیم شود که هرکدام به عنوان یک کار در نظر گرفته شده و هریک حاوی 180 قطعه از اقلام م باشد. دوماً، زمانبندی تولید از اصل فروشگاه جریان ترکیبی ( HFS ) پیروی می کند. در HFS، تعدادی ایستگاه وجود دارد که در هر یک از آنها تعدادی ماشین با وظایف مشابه قرار می گیرد. درون این ایستگاه ها، کارها بر اساس یک توالی...
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...The history that Reza Aslan includes in his book can be related to a lot of different other religions including Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Judaism intermingling as one. Aslan includes a time table with key events starting from the birth of the Prophet Muhammad in 570 all the way to the killing of Osama bin Laden in Pakistan in 2011. In Chapter 1 and 2, Aslan explains and provides the backstory on the emergence of Islam. The creator of Islam was called Allah, coming from the word alliah, meaning “the god.” Allah’s intercessors, Allat, alUzza, and Manat were the most powerful and to whom Arabs prayed to when they were ill and needed a cure, were thirsty and needed water, or were entering into battle. In Pre-Islamic Arabia, priests were...
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...By Yasmina Reza A Teacher’s Guide Table of Contents Audience Etiquette………………………………….……………….…3 Characters……………………………………….……………………...4 Synopsis………………………………...…………………………….…4 The Source...…...……….……..………..……………………………….6 The Playwright………..………….....……………..……………………7 Glossary of Words……………..……………………………………….8 Follow-up Considerations……………………………………………10 Internet Resources……………….……………………………………12 The Alley salutes its 2001-2002 Education & Community Outreach Season Co-Sponsors: its Student Matinee Sponsor: its Production Co-Sponsors: and Large Stage Season Sponsor: 2 Audience Etiquette For many of your students, a visit to the Alley may be their first theatre experience. It may be helpful to discuss what they can expect or to have other students relay their own experiences about theatre productions they have seen. Another important point to review is the difference between live theatre and watching a movie or television. Noise Live theatre means live actors who can hear not only what is happening on the stage, but in the audience as well. While laughter and applause at appropriate times are appreciated by the actors, excessive noise and talking is not. Any sort of distracting noise—humming, sighing, chewing gum, or carrying electronic devices—is discouraged. Cell phones, chiming watches and pagers must be turned off during the performance . Applause Applause is used to acknowledge the performers and to voice appreciation or approval. Traditionally, applause comes...
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...The aim of this paper is to focus on the critics of the author to the changes on the education system during the revolution. This work consists of a first part which provides a historical background, with a brief description of the Revolution and an account of the changes in the education system, a second one, which presents several instances of the book where the author is critic of an aspect of the changes in the education system, and a third part where the conclusion is presented. Historical Background Description of the revolution The Iranian Revolution (also known as the Islamic Revolution of Iran or the 1979 Revolution) refers to the events involving the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty under Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, who was supported by the United States, and its eventual replacement with an Islamic Republic under the Grand Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the leader of the revolution, supported by various leftist and...
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...Women Before and After the Pahlavi Period In Iran Hashem Alshakhas December 11 2013 Table of Contents Section Page Introduction………………………………………………………….……………………..1 Rise of Reza and Muhammad Shah………………………………………….…….1 The first Pahlavi period- Reza Shah…...…………………………………….…….5 Modernization, unveiling and clash with the citizens…………………………5 The second Pahlavi period- Muhammad Shah…………………………..10 After The Islamic Revolution …………………………………………….14 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………..19 References…………………………………………………………………..21 Introduction It has been more than 30 years since the victorious Islamic revolution transpired and sought the citizen supported and the forceful death of the Pahlavi dynasty which was ruled, with a denied democracy, under Mohammed shah and his father, Reza shah who were both put forth by the British. Due to the controversial media’s coverage, its western influence and lack of justice, there remains a bitter taste in the mouth of feminists in regards to women’s rights under the newly born Islamic state. In this paper, I will be examining and shedding light on these issues, as well as comparing the current and past roles of women, the differences between the Islamic and Pahlavi imposed laws on these women all within the confines of the diverse domains of Iran, while taking...
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...intellectuals and the religious right, and it completely changed Iranian society in addition to shaking up Middle East politics for years to come. The Pahlavi dynasty set itself up for revolution by keeping ties with western nations. Reza Shah Pahlavi came to power in the 1920s after promoting the idea of 2,500 years of Persian monarchy. Pahlavi tried to modernize Iran based on western models, focusing on industrialization. In addition, he banned political parties, suppressed revolts, formed a police force, and limited the power of the Islamic clergy (Ansari). Starting in the early 20th century, the U.S., Britain, and other European countries sought to get involved in Iran to increase western influence and to get Iranian oil (Evening Star). A wealthy Brit named William Knox D’arcy bribed members of the (then) Persian government to allow him to have 84% of the profits he made off Iranian oil. D’arcy threatened to stop drilling for oil in 1908, demanding 100% of the profits. The Persian government gave in, allowing him to become the sole owner of the oil. The British government gained complete control of Iranian oil after buying it from D’arcy and their Anglo-Persian Oil Company continued control into the Pahlavi dynasty (Kinzer). As Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi was positioning himself to assume his father’s throne, Mohammad Mossadeq was rising to power. In Iran’s brief experiment with parliamentary democracy, Mossadeq, from the Tudeh (communist) party, became prime minister and almost...
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...Europe’s relationship with Iran for much of the century leading up to 1950.”[2] In understanding Iran’s flux of identities throughout the 20th century, several notions must be clarified. Firstly, Iran is not an Arab nation nor have they adopted Arabic language or culture. Secondly, the Shi’a minority in Iran, and their lingering divergence in beliefs compared to that of the Sunnis and the West has always been an issue with respect to their distinctiveness as a nation. That being said, Iran’s inability to sustain a lasting individuality is directly related to the differing identities proposed by Iranian leaders throughout the 20th century. In the following article, I will distinguish between the secularization and modernization proposed by Reza Shah Pahlavi; the period of ambiguity in political identity and subsequent authoritarianism adopted by his son; and the role of the Islamic revolution in revitalizing religious unity. Iran was fortunate enough to...
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...Xavier Borbor May 3, 2012 CORC 3101 The Harsh Realities of Life In Persepolis, Marjane Satrapi explores the realities of her native land. She begins the story as a intelligent young pre-teen with a promising future. As she grows older she sees how cold the world is outside of her homeland as she lives through a near self-destructing phase of her life. She is capable of catching herself in this free fall with the help and guidance of her family a little while after returning home. In the story, her country continuously is fighting from freedom all the while she’s searching for her own identity. Throughout the book there are various things going on that can alter an individual’s point of view in search of their identity. To understand clearly, I break down my research on topics concerning the government, religion, social classes, the history concerning the country and the educational requirements that need to be met in the Iranian society. My research consist of material from Marjane Satrapi’s book, Persepolis. “2500 years of tyranny and submission” as my father said. First our own emperors. Then the Arab invasion from the west. Followed by the Mongolian invasion from the east. And finally modern imperialism (Satrapi 11). In the views of her father, their country has always been fighting for freedom. Trying to escape oppression there is always a revolution on the rise as the position of power changes hands. Never the less written in a passage titled The Bicycle, Marjane Satrapi...
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...The Islamic Revolution 1979 Has the Islamic Revolution in Iran subjugated woman? Subjugated past participle, past tense of sub·ju·gate (Verb) |Verb: | Bring under domination or | | |control, esp. by conquest. | | |Make someone or something subordinate | | |to. | | | | The Revolution Irans capital is Tehran and on January 19, 1979 it was in a state of mayhem. Mohammad Reza Pahlavi Iran’s Shah (which means ruler or king) for four decades, fled the country during this state of revolt. Ayatollah Rebollah Khomeini worked for many years to overthrow Iran’s Shah and saw this as the perfect time to do so but he was in Paris during all of this. Regardless of where Ayatollah was at that moment, many people wanted him to overthrow the current Shah so millions of people went to the streets to cheer on his efforts. Ayatollah returned to Iran and replaced Mohammad the original Shah. He changed Iran’s secular government (separation of religion and government) to theocracy and had Islamic religious leaders called Mullahs to be the divine guidance. Woman lost what they previously gained socially They had to resort back to strict rules and regulations such as: Wearing Hijab and Chadors 1967 Family...
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...The 1979 Iranian Revolution Revolution is the culmination of popular discontent brewing for a certain amount of time. People may grow dissatisfied with sharp social contrasts, inequality, segregation, discrimination, and other blatant violations of their rights. Even conservative authoritarian Arabic societies like that of Iran can experience the rise of general discontent and indignation. The Iranian Revolution of 1979 is the revolt rationalized by a wide range of motives from corruption to excessive westernization adopted by Shah Mohammad Pahlavi. The unpreparedness of the ruling elite and its foreign patrons along with repressions sealed the fate of the Iranian leader signifying the historic shift of power and foreign vector. The point is that the Iranian Revolution of 1979 was the product of Shah Pahlavi’s repressive regime largely facilitated by regime’s weakness and unpreparedness, which culminated in crucial achievement and the establishment of a theocratic regime ruled by Ayatollah Khomeini over the following decade. Popular Sentiments, Ideological Groups, the Unique Nature of the Iranian Revolution, Rationales behind the Revolt, the Factors of Success Philosophy Doctor Homa Katouzian (n.d.) noted that the revolution of 1979 was the rebellion of the Iranian society against the political regime reigning supreme at the time of the event. Based on its underlying features, what happened in the country in the late 1970s did not match the norms of Western revolutions...
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...From reading Janet Afary's "Iranian Revolution of 1978–79" I learned that on January 1979, thousands of young religious school students took to the streets protesting a newspaper that had slandered the name of the Khomeini in Iran; those who followed the students were considered the unemployed immigrants that protested the regime's "excesses". The shah, who was in charge of Iran at that time, would give in to some demands and forcefully shut down others. The government killed many citizens who were part of anti-regime protests and fueled more acts of violence by the citizens. Many acts of violence by the people of Iran were considered acts of "martyrdom". Khomeini who was exiled during this time in 1979 would declare the Shah a failure; In...
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...Understanding what is Qajar Dynasty is important before talking about the art in Iran. Qajar Dynasty was an Iranian royal dynasty of Turkic origin, which ruled Persia (Iran) from 1785 to 1925. The state ruled by the dynasty was officially known as the Sublime State of Iran. This period of time has a great impact for the art in Iran especially for painting and carpet. The painting at that period of time was influenced by the European painter and made the Iranian painter to start using oil to paint. Different tribes at that period of time would make their own type of carpet but the general type is that the pattern will be in parallel and there will have many different image put on the carpet. The material used at that period of time was mostly cotton. There is a type of carpet called Suzani, Suzani usually were made of cotton or silk fabric base which is used usually in wedding day as part of the bride’s dowry. Moreover, music is also a very important factor for the art development in Iran. The most popular music in Iran before the Islamic revolution is mainly classical or pop. During the Pahlavi Dynasty, which is the dynasty after Qajar Dynasty. The government at that time supported many people to become a singer. Especially during the 1970s, it’s called the golden age of Persian pop music when the singer started to add electrical guitar to their music. It did not last for a long period of time because the government banned it after the Islamic revolution. At last, food...
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...recaptured lost lands to the Russians and Ottoman's and was named Shah thereafter. Nader decided that he didn't want to return to former Persia and as a result he cut off members of the Safavid dynasty. After invading India and achieving great success, Nader had reached the zenith of his career. Though after this point, he became more much paranoid. While in India, he relegated his son to rule Persia in his absence. Having heard rumors of his father's death, he began to prepare for his own rise to power by murdering family members of Tamasp's family. Nader was furious at his son and required him to marry Genghis Khan's daughter, but he refused. In 1741, Nader was almost killed by an assassin, whom he suspected his son had hired. His son, Reza, proclaimed his innocence, but his father blinded him as punishment. Illnesses and paranoia started to take their toll on Nader, who murdered everyone who witnessed the blinding of his son. Nader became even more ruthless and extorted more taxes to pay for military expenses. The people started to turn against him. In 1747 Nader set journey for...
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