Student’s Name: Eric Elias Kiruja Instructor: Professor Kirui Course: English literature Date: 15th May, 2004 Rhetoric strategy in Artistic Writing Pathos, logos, and ethos is clearly a tool and an instrument of writing that appeal to the seat of emotion, reason and ethnic. The strategy pays dividends to the extent that it calls to these three aspects of life to address issues. Scholars and majority writers in their scholarly and oratorical works have relied so much on the use of the rhetorical style of writing to construct pathos logos and ethos. “Letter from Birmingham Jail," by Martin Luther King Jr (Francisco, 23) is a profound example of this style at play. The three ideologies independently can survive any intellectual argument; they don’t have to work in tandem. This paper seeks to decipher the effect of using the rhetorical strategy to address racial injustice, and diverse religious ideology. Martin Luther employs the use of pathos and logos to create such a strong emotional appeal. To some extent, all human beings are caught in the inescapable network of mutuality. Martin Luther contends that whatever affects one person directly affect another indirectly. Martin Luther King Jr. in a sense achieves a deep sense of pathos by appealing to the logos. The emotional stylistic appeals clearly put the issues on steroids by drawing from particular aspects that cut across geographical location. The racial injustice is a threat to justice everywhere, including and not limited to Asia and Africa. Historically the world was on the verge of intellectual, emotional and radical forces that were about to shape the world economic and political landscape. The interpretation of laws governing human interaction was at stake, the emotion and the general self-esteem of a whole generation was put to a test. The frustration of the Negro was clearly visible and written on the faces of fathers who could not explain why colored people are treated unfairly. The emotional frustration such as racial discrimination called for the profound uses of ethos, logos, and pathos. In fact with a certain authority Letter from Birmingham Jail is viewed as a piece of impressive and persuasive art of writing; it is power harnessed from the oratorical plan. The style of writing in the letter is more of an intellectual means of Martin’s oratory skills and use of grand stylistic writing technic and diction to achieve an end. The rhetorical strategies utilize the concept of rhetoric question that creates a thesis that challenges an antithesis. The rhetorical question appeals to the emotion and places a sense of fierce urgency. The question is one that is classified as a time bomb on the modus operandi waiting to explode. If society and the so-called fathers ignore to address it with the urgency that it deserves, then they are bound to fail miserably. The letter by posting critical rhetoric question challenges the current status quo. Such as “why direct action now? Why sit-ins, marches and so forth? Luther immediately draws an anti-thesis is not negotiation a better path. The faction that has to wait for justice for 340 years, each time missing it by this excuse of negation packs lots of pressure to the oppressed. Coupled with the fact that the Negro is still living in sweltering poverty amidst a society of vast material prosperity, one develops the mental picture why the Negro need liberation sooner rather than later. It is with this rich context and groundbreaking intelligence, behavior, and good will that make up the classically acceptable appeal. This vast context entails factors such as tone of voice and appearance available to the speaker, and not the writer (Francisco, 60). The writer is restricted to what he puts on paper to ground ethical appeal. He can do this through sort of arguments and choice of style (Phyllis, 75). Style can be enhanced by diction, sentence building, and finally tone that brings out the ethos the author or the character that the author would like to project to the reader. Martin Luther King Jr. has been said as having three different rhetorical behaviors: an extreme emotional preaching mannerism, an aspect of political readiness and skill in controversy, and literary ability. The three come to leave an effect. King’s success as a preacher, public model, and a writer is that he made use the profound emotional strength of the ancient Negro Sermon for reasons of social life (Bean, 90). Great emotional power is a blueprint for the Negro sermon. In their sermons, the emotional energy arouses the listeners and convinces them to either come to God or to witness God’s presence (Minor, 50). Since the preacher of the sermon is saying that it is God’s word, there is no regards to logical organization. Strategies of Negro Sermon and oratory that rely on messages advanced through rhythm and repetition are observed in King’s letter. King’s letter derives a great deal of energy from theological concepts and Negro Sermon (Woodson, 80). He employs repetition and strong illustrations in the letter as he often does in his oratory in spite of the reader’s ability in written work to refer to previous points. King uses written oratory to emphasize a point and chooses a stand with more effect (David, 30). Religion is particularly fundament point of reference forms which Martin Luther draws his ideologies. The different construct of a better society from the standpoint of a Christian seems to influence flow intellectual energy. Martin Luther ideology border squarely on the concept of a good neighbor not directly depicted in the biblical theologies extract, but somehow allude to in the letter. In addressing the concern of the segregated Negro and biased laws that favor only the white. Luther brings the concept of just and unjust laws, one gets the direct connection to the religious concept and construct when he mentions the three Hebrew Boys. The three Hebrew boys referred refused to follow unjust laws because they were repugnant and inconsistent with moral and just laws, which form the Conner stone of their beliefs. The feeling is profound and sincerely expressed that good has a way of trumping over evil. The biggest weapon that can be wielded by religion is that it gives hope. The hope brought by the interaction with religion somehow correlates to success. The Religious concepts and success reinforce the logos as well as impact the ethos as a rhetoric strategy. Although not expressly stated one would feel the effects of statements like we are joined in an inescapable network of mutuality. The concept is drawn heavily from Christian phenomena and teaching, that acknowledges and preaches tolerance at the same time offering a solution to a visible solution. Martin Luther King Jr, logical reasoning as entail in the letter, cannot be separated from thinking that are portrayed in the pathos, logos, and ethos. Martin Luther King Jr relies heavily on Pathos the emotional kind of thinking. The effect are achieved by a statement such as the “ Wait, “ but when you have seen vicious mob lynch your mother and fathers at will and drown your sister and brother at whim. When you have seen hate filled policeman curse, kick and even kill your black brother and sister.” This statement appeal to the emotion of the masses that is apparently depressed. They will easily relate to this, the effect is precisely targeted on the evil perpetrated. The effect is kind of achieved through the comparison of the non-violent protest against police brutality. The comparison portrays a society that is unbalanced, one that is heavy of protecting evil and condemns rightness. The effect does not end with the just comparison of white and the black; it explores the grave historical injustices of slavery. All reality hinges on the moral fact that both the native American and the black are all American joined by fate. The logical argument is that no individual race is more American than the other. The Gamut that unites society hinges on the reality that Black or White are both equal no particular race is superior to any other. At the time of writing, an orator is not able to read the audience to which the piece of writing is addressed. This gap needs the orator talk a universal audience and have faith in their view of what will not or will resonate with ordinary listeners. The global audience needs to consider as “circling all reasonable and able men and women.” An orator talks to a room full of people have a physical audience before them to determine reactions while the writer has an audience that remains as an abstract unit. This invisible audience must be persuaded by the writer. The writer must entertain them, promised something and outraged to persuade them to keep them attentive through more complex appeals. The writer must determine the expectations of the reader and satisfy them. Luther King Jr. caters to different varieties audiences in his art. First, the clergy who is directly addressed, second the audience of white moderates which is being to persuade into an action, and lastly the audience of African Americans who waits for an action (David, 56). Luther is directly addressing and refuting the Clergymen to whom the letter is specifically addressed (Strang, 29). He responds to the complaints from the clergymen straight away. However, when he is talking to a much bigger audience and discussing what they might not understand because of what Luther calls, “the peripheral way of social analysis that handles mere effects and does not touch underlying causes.” Luther uses the dejections of the Clergymen to change them to their heads by citing that yes their arguments are right and well outline the reasons why anyone should propose the cause rather than hold on the disinterest because the reasons. The pathetic is, therefore, used to enlighten the reader on societal issues to push him into action and Luther uses emotion and language to accomplish. Pathos achieves this by lifting the mind and spirit to another level (Lawson, 12). The audience gets emotions in the Letter from Birmingham Jail as Luther presents the affliction of people in more vivid detail encompassed by grand language. The afflictions are followed by an emotional response from the audience. In order to truly invoke the audience, he must evoke emotion within him as a person. In the letter, Luther has an underlying pain and maltreatment wrapped in rhetorical questions and diction (Bean, 53). Clearly outlined religion and emotion plays a critical role in the process of racial segregation, which is achieved by speaking with the emotion of the audience. The evidence is in the writing.

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