Topic 1. Managers and Managing.

1. Management is a process of using organizational resources to achieve organizational goals effectively and efficiently through planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.
A manager is a person responsible for supervising the use of an organization’s resources to meet its goals.
Efficiency is a measure of how well or productively resources are used to achieve a goal.
Effectiveness is a measure of the appropriateness of the goals an organization is pursuing and of the degree to which the organization achieves those goals.
2. Planning is a process that managers use to identify and select appropriate goals and course of action.
Organizing is a process that managers use to establish a structure of working relationships that allow organizational members to interact and cooperate to achieve organizational goals.
Motivation is a psychological force that determines the direction of person’s behavior in an organization; a person’s level of effort, and a person’s level of persistence.
Controlling – an evaluation of how well an organization is achieving its goals and taking action to maintain or improve performance.
3. First-line manager is a manager who responsible for the daily supervision of nonmanagerial employees.
Middle manager is a manager who supervises first-line managers and responsible for finding the best way to use resources to achieve organizational goals.
Top manager is a manager who establishes organizational goals, decides how departments should interact, and monitors the performance of middle managers.
Technical skills are job-specific knowledge and techniques that are required to perform an organizational role.
Human skills are the ability to understand, alter, lead, and control the behavior of other individuals and groups.
Conceptual skills are the ability to analyze and diagnose a situation and to