...From 1840 until the Civil War the largest producers of cotton came from the five-county region of Adams, Claiborne, Franklin, Jefferson, and Wilkinson. Cotton plantations in Mississippi and Louisiana used the port of Natchez to supply the textile hunger of Europe. Cotton was king! The slave trade was equally lucrative at the largest slave market outside of New Orleans “The Forks of the Road Slave Market at Natchez, Mississippi”. This market was the at the end of the “Trace” which became the road of the “second middle passage”. Samuel Scott traded and purchased slaves as well as sold cotton at Natchez. Thirty miles due south of Natchez was Poplar Hill Plantation, located in Jefferson County. The trip from Poplar Hill to Natchez would have been an all-day ride along rough, rut filled, and if raining, muddy, soft, and difficult roads to maneuver. From the 1860 United States Federal Census-Slave Schedule Samuel Scott had 167 slaves from all his plantations regrettably Delaney selected many of the 167 slaves. Was there a psychological value and a lasting effect of a slave accompanying the slaveholder to the slave markets? Absolutely! Samuel Scott, an astute businessman and certainly as a slave owner...
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...worlds and its riches and exotic produces, inflation of taxation within lower economic levels, and a rise in the previously lower population helped create this growth. Of course, smaller factors such as wars, religion, geography, and power shifts also greatly contributed to it. From 1450 to 1650, Europe experienced an age of discovery, possibly the greatest influence to its economic growth. The period is distinguished as a time when the Europeans began exploring the world by sea in hopes of finding trading partners, new goods, and trade routes. Many countries began to explore for good, spices or maybe even gold, but main reason for exploration was the longing to find a new route for the spice and silk trades since traveling via the Silk Road had been restricted for Europeans by the Ottoman Empire, whom had just acquired Constantinople. The most famous of the voyages of this era are of Christopher Columbus sail to America in 1492. This voyage set off the competition between European nations too not only claim land but also for other goods, such as tobacco and most importantly gold. Europe had limited resources in valuable metals and the economy needed gold and silver. The gain of the exploration of the New World was vastly influential to the economy. Gold and silver flooded into Europe, particularly into Spain and eventually into the hands of bankers and merchants. Economic conditions appeared to be improving with the Exploration but with this came poverty as bankers sought...
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...The Road to Redemption Sandra Barrett Everest University December 02, 2010 The Road to Redemption Princeton (2010) states that jails are places used for holding people in lawful custody; nevertheless, one can argue that jails are institutions of confinement for individuals serving short-term sentences and awaiting trial. During the rule of the Roman Empire and Egyptians, jails were used as method of punishing for lawbreakers, debtors, and a facility to housed slaves. Throughout history, jails have served as facilities where the laws of the land are enforced. These institutions are an important factor within the justice system, which allows criminal justice procedures to take effect. These institutions house suspects in order for law enforcement officers (LEOS) to conduct their investigation to bring the guilty to justice (Princeton, 2010). Jails can be traced back to ancient civilizations; these houses of justice form the fundamental iron cloth of the law that ensures laws and discipline of the nation are adhered. The correctional system of today's generation have conformed and improved the jail system, these facilities are now humane in comparison to old civilizations. Offenders of modern society still initiate the first phase of his or her restitution, rehabilitations, and reformation behind these walls. Enslavements have been replaced with prison labor; furthermore, these...
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...Ethnic Groups and Discrimination The ethnic group that I identify most with is African American. African Americans immigrated to the United Sates. Immigration, according to our course material is defined as “Coming into a new country as a permanent resident”. Unlike many other ethnic groups, African Americans were not given a choice to come to the United States. They were brought over as slaves by way of Dutch ships carrying 20 slaves from the Caribbean, to Jamestown, Virginia in 1619. The enslavement of Africans actually began in the early 1500s, with slaves arriving on Caribbean shores in the hands of Portuguese and Spanish slave traders. (Ciment, 2001) The 20 slaves were quickly sold off to local tobacco farmers, although it is unclear whether their states remarried as slaves or if they were indentured servants. The process of slavery of the African Americans actually began at the trading posts on the west coast of Africa. African Kings and merchants cooperated and traded slaves for European goods, this was known as the first stage of the triangular trade. The long trip across the Atlantic Ocean to the New World, was called the middle passage of the triangular trade. The last stage occurred after the slaves were brought to America, and were sold into slavery in exchange for goods, i.e. cotton, tobacco and sugar. By the 1700s, the population of enslaved Africans had ballooned to about 20,000(ibid). They were shipped to the United States until, 1807, when the U.S banned...
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...Essay - Great Britain Between the late 16th and early 18th centuries Great Britain was the world's biggest empire to date, and controlled almost a fourth of the known world. This massive empire was achieved through bloody conquest and suppression of the native population in every country, which Great Britain got into contact with. In the time of the empire, artists created paintings of this great nation, they painted its great fights and conquests of the new worlds that were discovered. Britain was portrayed as a fair and just ruler of the savages, but this was far from the truth, because Britain just exploited the countries and brought along with its rule enslavement of entire populations, which was maintained by ruling with an iron fist. Many in Britain today still believe that imperial times were a glorious period that the inhabitants of the Britain should be admiring and looking up to. But imperial Britain wrought so much pain to the populations that was suppressed and forced into slave like conditions for the good of the empire, even though the British Empire helped create infrastructure in their occupied land and laid the foundation for new democracies. In the two following articles and the documentary “Seven Ages of Britain -Episode 6 Age of Empire” will the topic of whether or not Britons should be apologetic for their time as an empire be analysed and discussed. The article: “British Empire: Students should be taught colonialism ‘not all good’, say historians”...
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...Development Worldwide of the Emancipation Laws in the Nineteenth Century Nannette Porter HIWD – 370: Comparative Civilization Instructor Katie Stewart October 13, 2015 Slavery had been a part of civilization since villages, and small communities began to form. The topic of slavery is an important part of our heritage, knowing how it began and what humanity has done to control it. It is interesting to see how Christianity can change the heart of one person, who can affect the change in a country. One small adjustment, thousands of miles abroad, can affect any civilization and history of many countries. During the 19th century many countries developed laws to gradually or immediately shift civilization away from slavery. This paper explores the religious influences motivating this shift in the legal system as well as the consequences of these laws on work civilization. Slavery was found worldwide and came in many different forms. The most common was the Slave, treated as chattels and wild animals, having no rights and endured harsh physical abuse. The Slave was known more and referred to as the ‘Western Slave’ more commonly found in America. Serfdom, a Russian repression, was a different form of slavery. Serfs were not a legal person, had no property rights, no right to credit transactions and not protected by custom. However, a serf had his own land and property, unlike in slavery. Serfdom was found in China, Japan, India and elsewhere...
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...“SOLD IN WAR: Women Trafficking and Armed Conflicts Introduction: A universal attribute of any society, tribe, or nation is its capacity and obvious willingness to wage wars. Whether or not to vanquish, to colonize, to protect, to develop, or to with ease set up a symbolic superiority, a nation’s use of military actions performs an primary function within the definition of that nation’s identification. Whatever the marketed purpose of a war, nonetheless, it is finally a social occasion that regularly allows for the dying and suffering of each warring parties and civilians and for the exploitation of thousands of men and women, children and adults on a grand scale. The chaos and turmoil of wartime seems to carry out the worst qualities in human beings. In an article published in the University of St. Thomas Law Journal it highlights that a major tenet of the laws of war is that “civilians, and women and children in particular, are to be protected from the trials and suffering of war to the fullest extent possible”. Therefore, it is ultimately the task of each military and its members to make sure their behaviors are consistent with the specifications in International Humanitarian Law (IHL). Even though the complete avoidance of civilian deaths and suffering is not realistic, it is the responsibility of an armed force to not intentionally target civilians and to consider operations in terms of the concepts of distinction, military necessity and proportionality. By their very nature...
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...Slavery Slavery is a practice where other people own other people. A slave is the property of his or her owner, they work without pay. The owner is called a master or mistress. They provide their slave with clothing, food, and shelter in return for them doing the work that the master requires. They are not allowed to leave and are often treated poorly without any laws to help them escape their situations they are just forced to do whatever their owner (master) tells them to do or be ready for punishment including beatings and public whippings to ensure that they never disobey their owner and won’t try to leave or try to leave again. Slavery was practiced in prehistoric times and still slavery can be found even in the cultural adversity we have today. The start of slavery probably followed the start of farming which was about 10,000 years ago. Farming gave people the opportunity to put their prisoners of the war to work for them forcefully without any one caring how they treat them. People that were captured in the war kept on being the chief source of slaves in the earliest civilizations. Other types of slaves were people that were criminals or people who couldn’t pay their debts. Throughout the middle Ages, a lot of people in Africa and Asia continued to enslave prisoners of the war. During this time, slavery was really popular among three groups of Native Americans. These Native Americans lived on the islands of the Caribbean Sea and they also inhabited what is now called...
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...In this essay there will be information explaining to what extent the concept of social exclusion helps us understand the relationship between drug use and crime. One of the most common explanations of the drug-crime relationship is that drug use causes crime. While there is some support that drug use causes crime, there is some variation about the way in which drug use may cause crime.(Bennett and Holloway,2005) Bennett and Holloway highlight three types of explanation: Psychopharmacological explanations, economic explanations and drug lifestyle explanations. Psychopharmacological explanations suggest drug use can lead to crime because of the impact of drugs on the behaviour of the drug user. Goldstein describes this when he states ‘some individuals as a result of short term or long term ingestion of specific substances may become excitable, irrational and exhibit violent behaviour.’ (Goldstein,1985:494) By this Goldstein is saying that drug taking has a direct effect on the individual’s behaviour which can lead to criminal behaviour (Bennett and Holloway,2005).Psychopharmacological explanations of the links between drug use and crime tend to focus on the links between drug use and violent crime (Bennett and Holloway,2005). There are a number of ways in which Psychopharmacological processes may lead to crime. White and Gorman list ‘disinhibition, cognitive-perceptual distortions, attention deficits, bad judgement and neuro-chemical change’ (White and Gorman,2000:170) as potential...
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...while, he could hear something about the abolitionists ‘’ (103). Having the philosophy of protecting his beliefs, Frederik Douglass’s quandary and confusing made his personality. He stood up for himself and manipulated a negative inconvenience to an effective weapon fighting and finally defeating the white rules against people of color. While Douglass was seeking for a way to escape literacy and slavery’s gloominess, he was ready to heal from all his suffering. He refused to be forgotten forever as ’’ [he] was now twelve years old, and the thought of being a slave for life began to bear heavily upon [his] heart. Just this time, he got hold of a book entitled’’ the Columbian Orator’’ (122) .where he finally discovered a shortcut to the main road where freedom was awarded; he contrived little steps to his emancipation just as he did with his reading and writing .At this stage, the author had a little hope on getting rid of this injustice and succeeding in having back his freedom. With his angry...
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...“…the fire of the midnight camp, and heard at times a horse’s tramp and a bloodhound’s distant bay.” (Lines 3-5). The slave stops and waits, fearing that he may be caught and abused since his owner has previously given him “great scars [that] deformed his face” (17). The slave's recapture would likely mean severe punishment since he has previously attempted to escape once before, evident by the “…brand of shame” that “on his forehead he bore…” (18). After he recalls the abuse he has suffered “from the morning of his birth” (27), the poem ends ambiguously by not revealing whether or not the slave makes his escape. By abruptly ending the poem, Longfellow emphasizes the terror that slaves felt when trying to save themselves from further enslavement. The average slave could always potentially be victim to many different forms of abuse, atop their already grueling working conditions. If slaves make any effort to escape, their lives could potentially be on the line as it would not be past most owners to brand, abuse and kill runaways. With so many unknown possibilities in a slave’s life, Longfellow’s became widely recognized for his ability to exhibit the different phases of a slave’s life that would commonly occur, and his writings spread across Europe throughout 1874 whilst being translated into Italian, French, German and other languages. The poems from Longfellow’s Poems On Slavery provide insight on the craving for freedom slaves felt and how viciously is was interrupted for...
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...Illuminati's Exposed by Michelle When a few people wish to control and direct a mass of humanity, there are certain key structures that have to be in place. These are the same whether you are seeking to manipulate an individual, family, tribe, town, country, continent, or planet. First, you have to set the "norms", what is considered right and wrong, possible or impossible, sane or insane, good & bad. Most of the people follow those norms without question because of the baa-baa mentality, which has prevailed within the collective human mind for at least thousands of years. Second, you have to make life very unpleasant for those few who challenge your imposed "norms". Those who beat to a different drum like me or voice a different view, or version of the "truth" & lifestyle, stand out like a black sheep in the human herd. Your ancestorial governments/dictators have already conditioned the human herd to accept your norms as reality and so, in their arrogance & ignorance, they then ridicule or condemn those with a different and often times more accurate spin on life. Most of the time, you pressurize those who have a different spin on life to conform and stop free thinking. Parents do this to their children. The self-policing of the human herd goes far deeper than people in uniform or administrators of government. It starts with conditioned parents who impose their conditioning on their children and press ure them to follow their religious, political, economic, and...
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...Barbara Jeanne Fields Slavery, Race and Ideology in the United States of America Two years ago, a sports announcer in the United States lost his job because he enlarged indiscreetly—that is, before a television audience—upon his views about ‘racial’ differences. Asked why there are so few black coaches in basketball, Jimmy ‘the Greek’ Snyder remarked that black athletes already hold an advantage as basketball players because they have longer thighs than white athletes, their ancestors having been deliberately bred that way during slavery. ‘This goes all the way to the Civil War,’ Jimmy the Greek explained, ‘when during the slave trading . . . the owner, the slave owner would breed his big black to his big woman so he could have a big black kid, you see.’ Astonishing though it may seem, Snyder intended his remark as a compliment to black athletes. If black men became coaches, he said, there would be nothing left for white men to do in basketball at all. Embarrassed by such rank and open expression of racism in the most ignorant form, the network fired Jimmy the Greek from his job. Any fool, the network must have decided, should know that such things may be spoken in the privacy of the 95 locker-room in an all-white club, but not into a microphone and before a camera. Of course, Jimmy the Greek lays no claim to being educated or well informed. Before he was hired to keep audiences entertained during the slack moments of televised sports events, he was...
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...Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass The horrible things that slaves went from their masters and from all slavery caused slaves to be denied their rights. In the "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass," Douglass has the ability to show the psychological battle between the white slave holders and their black slaves, which is shown by Douglass' own intellectual struggles against his white slave holders. I will focus on how education allowed Douglass to understand how slavery was wrong, and how the Americans saw the blacks as not equal, and only suitable for slave work. I will also say what is different on how Douglass' view was very similar the women’s in America, and the role that Christianity played in his life as a slave and then as a free man. The novel clearly shows the children's bad behavior when they were not regularly allowanced. Douglass says, "Our food was coarse corn meal boiled, which was called mush. It was put into a large wooden tray or trough, and set down upon the ground. The children were then called, like so many pigs, and like so many pigs they would come and devour the mush; some with oyster-shells, others with pieces of shingle, some with naked hands, and none with spoons. He that ate fastest got most; he that was strongest secured the best place; and few left the trough satisfied" (Douglass 41-42). This clearly shows how children where treated like animals and their inability to act in the manner of a normal educated child. Slave children...
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...believe that knowledge of African American culture is important because without such knowledge, African American children take part in an alien and alienating process of schooling (Hale-Benson, 1982; Lomotey, 1978; Ridley, 1971; Shujaa, 1992). If culture is a way a people define, create, celebrate, sustain, and develop themselves, African American children are in trouble because the public education system does not Kouayi 5 teach them about the significance of their historical journey or the struggles and accomplishments that African American people have made. Lomotey (1978) explained that information about African people is usually left out of textbooks, and when it is included, it usually starts with discussing the enslavement of African people and leaves out any information that could help African American children gain a sense of responsibility or respect for self… (p.25). Lee (1992) suggested that when African American culture and history are used as a means for educating African American children, research shows that they [advance and] flourish. Culturally Responsive Education The recognition of the importance of teaching context is not a new one. There is substantial research to attest to this issue regarding teaching urban students. The research dates back almost 100 years to 1898. Consequently, the research asserts that the children are to blame for their own poor performance, or that the children lack ability, character...
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