...Remote Robotic Surgery in Germany By: Christopher Redman MIS535 I will discuss how robots entered our lives, and this has historical roots after the play by the author Karel Capek, then those robots entered all aspects of our lives, and my topic is the medical field; the first robotic usage was performed in 1987, and there was many drawbacks to those first experiences such as restricted degrees of motion, decreased sense of touch, and .increased sensitivity to hand movement. The main issues that surrounds this procedures is safety measures and maintenance, as there is no grantee that the computer systems of robot is going to work in high safe. Other issues comes from the cost, since robotic surgery is more expensive than traditional, this will make it unavailable for public hospitals, and those who are poor may not be able to benefit from this technology, but this transfer from traditional methods in medicine must happen, as technology affected all aspects of our lives. Robot might sound as a very modern scientific invention, but it is not as the first time “robot” was introduced and coined was in 1921, in a play written by the Czech writer Karel Capek, and since then robots took a place in many aspects of our lives, they also take place in dangerous and highly precise tasks, such as aviation, and here we will discuss the medical usage of robots, starting from the history, to political and economic questions, also Psychological considerations...
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...Surgery Advantages and disadvantages Major advances aided by surgical robots have been remote surgery, minimally invasive surgery and unmanned surgery. Some major advantages of robotic surgery are precision, miniaturization, smaller incisions, decreased blood loss, less pain, and quicker healing time. Further advantages are articulation beyond normal manipulation and three-dimensional magnification, resulting in improved ergonomics. Robotic techniques are also associated with reduced duration of hospital stays, blood loss, transfusions, and use of pain medication.[13] With a the cost of the robot at $1,200,000 dollars and disposable supply costs of $1,500 per procedure, the cost of the procedure is higher. Additional surgical training is needed to operate the system.[14] Patient surveys indicate they chose the procedure based on expectations of decreased morbidity, improved outcomes, reduced blood loss and less pain.[13] Higher expectations may explain higher rates of dissatisfaction and regret.[14] The main advantage of this technique is that the incisions are very small and, consequently, patient recovery is quick. In traditional open-heart surgery, the surgeon makes a ten to twelve-inch incision, then accesses the heart by splitting the sternum (breast bone) and spreading open the rib cage. The patient is then placed on a heart-lung machine and the heart is stopped for the length of the surgery. Not only is this a way for bacteria that can cause infections to access the...
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...8/16/14 The Benefits and disadvantages of remotes and robotic surgery Robotic surgeries is a new technology that has drastically changed the health and medicine aspects by giving hope and promises in finding ways to cure patients. Robotic surgery is a new revolution and is one of the most used methods in hospitals. Until todays date the robotic and remote devices has increased their used in hospitals and clinics, and there is no doubt that their use will decrease because they have succeed in the past. As the time pass, robots and surgery remotes take a big picture in hospitals, but that doesn’t mean they are replacing humans. In fact they improved their knowledge and their ability skills to operate small and larger incisions. Robotic surgeries has helped many hospitals stability for patients and has increase the opportunities to complete multiple operation with less time that was used before. There are many types of robotic surgeries, and each work depending on the patient’s needs. Several types of robotic surgeries may be used depending on the patients and they can be used to treat different conditions. Furthermore, there are patients that don’t qualified for this types of surgeries because they don’t have the resistance to survive this operations, or they don’t have the financial requirement to pay for a surgery. Every new technology has their ups and downs, and robotic surgery does not stay behind. Before robotic surgeries and remotes to hits the process of maturity stage, they...
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...Robotic Surgery Review Related Literature Twenty-five years have passed since the first successful minimally invasive surgical procedure and laparoscopic general surgery has grown exponentially with particular regard to certain pathologies and now, besides cholecystectomy , it is considered to be the gold standard for surgery of the oesophagogastric junction, adrenal glands, distal pancreas, and spleen. The expanding role of laparoscopic surgery is closely associated with technological advances, including the advent of flexible fibreoptic instruments and improved laparoscopic haemostatic devices such as clips, endoscopic staplers, and energy-induced forceps (electrical based and ultrasonic based). The most recent innovation in this field has been robotic-assisted technology. Multiple large study series have clearly demonstrated superior outcomes with laparoscopic versus conventional open surgery; the benefits of laparoscopy include decreased postoperative pain, morbidity, and length of hospital stay (LOS), improved cosmesis, and overall cost-effectiveness. Nevertheless, the operative complexity that can be achieved with this kind of minimally invasive surgery has slowed the broad adoption of laparoscopy especially in the most challenging hepatobiliary surgery due to the complex vascular and biliary anatomy of the liver, propensity for bleeding, parenchymal friability, and extremely difficult surgical exposure. Considering the limitations of the laparoscopic technique, it is...
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...Plesnarski………………………33 10. Moral & Ethical Implications by Karen Quaderer…………………………… 39 11. Bibliography…………………………………………………………………….47 Abstract In this research paper our team will look at the use of Robotic Technology in the medical field, more specifically in the surgical field as well as discuss the issues and implications surrounding the topic. Our discussion will include topics ranging from the history and development of robots that can be found in surgical rooms, political concerns regarding the Food and Drug Administration and their requirements to approve use of these robots, the legal aspect of robotic technology on how to determine which party is held liable in case of accidents or malfunctions that can lead to injury and a legal case that shows the difficulty to prove fault against a manufacturer. Also discussed will be the economic ramifications on our society, psychological, sociological, cultural, moral and ethical impacts on human life, in particular the patients that undergo surgery involving a robotic surgical system, and the environmental impacts of robotics in surgery. It is our hope that through this research paper that we are able to explain to and educate our readers on the impacts of Robotic Surgery as this type of surgery is becoming more popular with doctors in order to...
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...2013 Professor Aimee James DeVry University Abstract Robotic surgery is a described as when a surgeon uses robotic equipment to assist during a surgical procedure. The surgeon manipulates controls which send information to the robotic equipment, telling it what to do. This surgical technology can be used for a wide range of surgical procedures. There are multiple benefits from choosing this type of surgery, but can also cost more than laparoscopic. Robotic surgery has been discussed for over two decades. Over the last decade, it has increased in popularity and applicability. There are many economic concerns over the use of this technology such as the cost versus the applicable use. There are also concerns about the implications the use of this technology will have on the environment, as well as moral and ethical concerns. By providing background information and history of this technology, information on the use of this technology, economical, sociological, and psychological effects and concerns associated with this technology, and information on environmental implications and moral and ethical concerns of this technology, we hope to provide readers a basis to form an educated opinion on the applicability of remote and robotic surgery. Table of Contents Abstract (Jesse Edwards)…...……………………………………………….…………………….ii Introduction (Jesse Edwards)……………………………………………….……………………..1 Description of Robotic Assisted Surgical Technology and What it Means to You (Gregory...
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...LAS 432 Course Capstone Project Robotic Surgery (LAS 432 - 08) Robert Clark April 19, 2015 Team F Team Leader: Dylan Zinkiewicz - D# 03342318 Team Members: Alisha Young - D# 01615918 Antonice Thomas - D# 01487783 Brooke White - D# 01489597 Katherine Vega - D# 01487783 Contents Alisha Young Intro to Robotic Surgery 2 Antonice Thomas Timeline 10 Overview 15 The Future 17 Dylan Zinkiewicz Economic Talk 19 Marketing & Media Influence 24 Katherine Vega Psychological considerations and Sociological effects 29 Environmental Implications 33 Brooke White Ethics and Legal Issues 37 Conclusion 45 References 46 Intro to Robotic Surgery Robotic surgery is defined in the medical dictionary as "the performance of operative procedures with the assistance of robotic technology" ("Robotic," n.d.). Robotic surgery is an emerging technology that began its experimental phase in 1985 with the introduction of the PUMA 560 robotic arm. The first use of a robot for a surgical procedure was a neurosurgical biopsy, recorded in 1985. Following this successful surgery was the first laparoscopic surgery using the same kind of robot; the robotic arm. In 1987, a successful cholecystectomy was performed. In 1988, doctors decided to use the PUMA 560 robotic arm for a transurethral resection procedure. Finally, in 1990, the Automated Endoscopic System for Optimal Positioning (AESOP) became known as the first system to be approved by the Food and...
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...Robotic Surgery Deborah Martin, ROBOTIC SURGERY ༉ Introduction ༉ Advantages & Disadvantages ༉ How Robotic Surgery Works ༉ Conclusion Robotic Surgery Mostly paying consideration on reducing the invasiveness of the surgical procedure Robotic Surgery • Computer supported surgery • Surgeon operates the machine to do the operation • Surgeon uses one or more technique to control the instrument • While operate the operation the Surgeon uses remote or directly the computer to manage those instrument AESOP Endoscope Positioner robotic system ༉ Computer Motion, Inc developed the AESOP Endoscope Positioner robotic system and in 1993 this became the first robot approved by the FDA for surgery. ༉ AESOP Endoscope Positioner is a voiceactivated robotic system for endoscopic surgery. ZEUS® Surgical System ༉ Computer Motion, Inc introduced the ZEUS® Surgical System in 1998. ༉ ZEUS® Surgical System consists of : ༉ Surgeon control console ༉ Three table mounted robotic arms Da Vinci Surgical system ༉ ༉ ༉ ༉ ༉ Intuitive Surgery, Inc. created the da Vinci Surgical system and approved in 1997 by FDA. July 2000 it become the first laparoscopic surgical robotic. The da Vinci system consists of: A Surgeon console A patient side cart Four robotic arms (the three arms of the da Vinci system holds the operation instruments and the fourth arm has a camera with two lenses...
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...Subject- Robotic surgery ROBOTIC SURGERY * * Our society is based around innovations and technical changes; a new invention becomes an innovation if it is put to market with a good business model, and a clear marketing campaign, a new invention not put to market is not an innovation. Many inventions do not succeed due to the lack of market research. Successful innovations often disrupt an established technology, meaning that the established technology becomes obsolete, or much less used, and it us the disruptive innovation which takes over. In this paper we will see how Robotic surgery disrupts the traditional human surgery process. Robotic surgery offers small incisions, instruments that bend further than the human wrist, and an enhanced view due to its magnified 3D high-definition. It is highly beneficial due to its reduced chance of bleeding and infection, fewer post-operative complications and a faster recovery. The only commercialized robot in robotic surgery is the Da Vinci surgical robot, which is a production of Intuitive Surgical. The medical domain has already accepted a lot of innovations, it is a domain that has greatly evolved, our health being one of the most important things in life, a lot of research is made around it, and the government is often part in its funding’s. The most revolutionary innovation in the health care center is robotic surgery, which now looks to disrupt the human procedure of surgery, and replace it with robotic surgery. Robotic...
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...story of telerobotic surgery involves the union of two very different technologies and the emergence of a completely new approach to minimally-invasive surgery. The first of these technologies emerged in the 1940s and was called "telemanipulation" or "telepresence" the sensation that you are in one location, while being in another. In Robert Heinlein’s 1942 science fiction short story, entitled Waldo, the lead character, Waldo Farthingwaite-Jones, was born frail, weak and unable to lift his own body weight. Heilnlein describes a glove and harness device that allowed Waldo to control a powerful mechanical arm by simply moving his hand and fingers. About eight or nine years after Heinlein’s publication, these kinds of remote manipulators popularly known as "Waldoes" were developed in the real world. Using cable and linkages, they were used to move and manipulate hazardous materials and enter hazardous environments inhospitable to humans. The first telepresence robotic arm was developed in the 1950s for the same purpose. Raymond Goertz, an early pioneer in the field of robotics, developed the first master/slave manipulator to handle radioactive material while working for the Atomic Energy Commission at Argonne National Laboratory. . Analysis of Global Context Intuitive Surgical for over a decade has centered their studies on the technology of surgical robotics. The studies were based on the philosophy the da Vinci Sugical System. This invasive surgery has been enforced...
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...------------------------------------------------- Robot Assisted Surgery: The Evolution of the Surgeon and the Operating Room Abstract The art of surgery has evolved significantly from the times of shaman priests in ancient Egypt and bloodletting barbers of Medieval Europe. This evolution was assisted by the development of new tools that were created as the result of some advancement in technology. These new instruments permitted the surgeons of their day to unlock new possibilities and develop new techniques, each more sophisticated than the one before. Due to the sensitive nature of surgery, moral and ethical obligations were established early on and eventually formed the basis of “The Hippocratic Oath”, which is still relevant to the modern surgeon. We are now in a place in history where robots are being used to assist with surgical procedures that were once only conceivably done by human hands. This paper seeks to detail this evolution as well as describe current and future applications of robotics in the surgery and the ethical implications inherit with this technology. This report will also attempt to identify and discuss the complex legal, political, and cultural issues that have also evolved with this science. A review of the literature was undertaken using Medline. Articles describing the history and development of surgical robots were identified as were articles reporting data on applications. This most recent development in surgical advancement has infinite potential...
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...Robotic Surgery October 8, 2015 Devry University The technology Robotic surgery refers to a method used to perform surgery with the help of very small surgical instruments attached to a robotic arm. The surgeon controls the robotic arm with a computer (U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2013). Robotic surgery or robotic-assisted surgery uses robots that are controlled by actual surgeons. The robots are merely for precision and accuracy during the surgery as human surgeons are prone to error due to distractions. The development also allows doctors to perform a lot more complex operations than they were able to before. It does not stop there; Robotic surgery allows for much more flexibility options, control- ability and accuracy in precision (Lanfranco, et al. 2004). The surgeon makes tiny incisions on the patient, then the blades and other surgical instruments that are attached to the robot, penetrate through the incisions. This kind of surgery has been successful in some traditional open surgical operations (Mayo Clinic, 2015). Application of general anesthesia is important during surgery because it alters the perception of the body toward a painful stimulus. General anesthesia is applied to ensure that the procedure is painless. It takes a patient to relax and submit themselves to the hands of the surgeon as the only way of healing. The anesthesia, therefore, works by reducing the anxiety that may bring complications as the patients are unconscious...
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...Joseph Skaggs Creative Problem Solving Unit 1 Research Paper September 23, 2014 One technology that I have noticed to be fast moving is robotics. We use robotics in multiple applications from drones to prosthetics. The military, medical field, and automotive industry have greatly benefited from the use of robotics. In the military robotics are used in unmanned surveillance drones or UAV’s as well as bomb disposal robots which are used when it might be too dangerous for the soldier. In the medical field robotics have had a huge impact. Robotic arms are used during certain surgery procedures because they’re precise and can do things that a human surgeon couldn’t. Robotics are also used with prosthetics, advancements have led to robotic prosthetic arms and legs which have been more effective than prosthetics of the past. Another area where robotics are being used is in vehicles, developing unmanned vehicles for various applications. The future of robotics with UAVs is fast. They’re coming up with new military applications, more than that the technology is moving over to the civilian side. They’re coming up with UAV designs that would be used for crop dusting, weather monitoring, and border patrol. There are even talks about introducing this technology into the commercial airline industry. If things move forward farming will be taken to a whole new level, crop dusting will be maintained robotically though the use of UAVs. We’ll have a better understanding of weather...
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...kinematics, actuation); by level of autonomy (e.g., preprogrammed versus teleoperation versus constrained cooperative control), by targeted anatomy or technique (e.g., cardiac, intravascular, percutaneous, laparoscopic, microsurgical); and by the intended operating environment [e.g., in-scanner, conventional operating room (OR)], etc,[1]. Traditional surgery requires an incision large enough for the surgeon to see directly and place his or her fingers and instruments directly into the target operating site. Most often, the damage done to skin, muscle, connective tissue, and bone to reach the region of interest causes much...
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...The patient was a 34-year-old female. She first came to the doctor with complaints of bloating, gas, abdominal pain, and intolerance to fatty foods. She had ultrasounds completed and they showed evidence of gallstones. After reevaluating her symptoms and all the options for her, the best option for her was to remove the gallbladder. This procedure was a robotic surgery, and with that robot the surgeon uses controls to maneuver the robot. The liver produces bile, and bile is important for the digestion for foods, but especially fatty foods. Then bile travels down into the intestine, then travels down into the common bile duct, beside this is the gallbladder. The gallbladder serves as a storage location for all the bile. The gallbladder empties an extra amount of bile in order to aid for the absorption and digestion for the food. Gallstones...
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