...The History of Information Technology March 2010 Draft version to appear in the Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, Vol. 45, 2011 Thomas Haigh thaigh@computer.org University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Thomas Haigh The History of Information Technology – ARIST Draft 2 In many scholarly fields the new entrant must work carefully to discover a gap in the existing literature. When writing a doctoral dissertation on the novels of Nabokov or the plays of Sophocles, clearing intellectual space for new construction can be as difficult as finding space to erect a new building in central London. A search ensues for an untapped archive, an unrecognized nuance, or a theoretical framework able to demolish a sufficiently large body of existing work. The history of information technology is not such a field. From the viewpoint of historians it is more like Chicago in the mid-nineteenth century (Cronon, 1991). Building space is plentiful. Natural resources are plentiful. Capital, infrastructure, and manpower are not. Boosters argue for its “natural advantages” and promise that one day a mighty settlement will rise there. Speculative development is proceeding rapidly and unevenly. But right now the settlers seem a little eccentric and the humble structures they have erected lack the scale and elegance of those in better developed regions. Development is uneven and streets fail to connect. The native inhabitants have their ideas about how things should be done, which sometimes...
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...as “Employee Champions” whose primary function was to engage in one-on-one interactions with people communicating organizational policies and procedures, collecting resumes, explaining company benefit packages, etc. In the past two decades, the internet has become a powerful information tool that has revolutionized business practices by facilitating changes in how organizations conduct business. The purpose of this paper is to describe how information literacy influences the Human Resource profession and how the internet has effected change in how HR departments deliver services as well. Implementing electronic human resources (e-HR) to conduct Human Resources (HR) transactions using internet technology has manipulated not only individual performance and behaviors ensuring business success it has revolutionized how people view HR (2010). Human Resources Office (HRO) The concept of Information Literacy in the Forest Service HRO and its influence is constantly evolving. The Albuquerque Service Center creates and designs ten Human Resource Offices across the United States based upon the need for HR operational expertise and superior customer service to meet service team requirements. Information Literacy influences the HRO functional effectiveness by ensuring compliance to government and agency...
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...Changing Role of Hospitality IT University of Phoenix BIS_303 December 20, 2011 Changing Role of Hospitality IT Introduction The role of IT in the hospitality industry is of the utmost impact in the current business environment. Because of this, GDS are possible. The strength of the GDS is in the way in which the interwoven resources and complimentary services can connect on a real-time basis. This perspective of running businesses within the industry shifts the focus. Efficiencies, Cost Control, Information Leveraging and the role of the GDS GDS allow players in the hospitality industry to be much more efficient and proactive by utilizing the capabilities that allow for simultaneous communications. This distinct shift in hospitality industry away from the reactionary and the real-estate focused business model to the channel and distribution focus facilitated by high technology, marks the modern hospitality industry. Although all of this focus is on streamlined channel distribution, the driver is still the customer. Or more precisely, providing all facets of the customer’s needs at the same moment This concept is better described in the text “The thrust of today’s distribution systems is about having the right product in the right place at the right time at the right price and under the right set of conditions or circumstances, as defined by the consumer” (Nyheim, 2005). The way in which the GDS contributes to cost control is through allowing...
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...The role of effective communication in the managing of Information technology projects Project Management III (IS3A) – Communication Assignment 2 Bradley Isaacs (197019226) Dr Pineteh August 2010 The role of effective communication in the managing of Information technology projects Project Management III (IS3A) – Communication Assignment 2 Bradley Isaacs (197019226) Dr Pineteh August 2010 ------------------------------------------------- Table of contents Abstract 3 Introduction 3 Management of conflict 5 Management of meetings 6 Dissemination of project briefs 8 Team dynamics 10 Conclusion 11 Reference list 12 Abstract Communication forms the communal aspect of managing information technology projects. The effectiveness of this facet can be the determinative factor for many project successes therefore a failure to communicate effective is often the greatest threat to the positive outcome of the project. This paper identifies and discusses aspects that play a pivotal role when communicating in an information technology project environment. Key aspects discussed include the implications for team dynamics, management of conflict and dissemination of project briefs. The management of meeting and how this can promote team dynamics in a project team. Introduction From the beginning of an information technology project, up to the completion thereof, various important roles...
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...In health information technology context, an organization or individual should have properly demonstrated meaningful use and should have successfully fulfilled the requirement for electronic health records and related technology. According to the institute of Medicine (2003) the adoption and meaningful use of health information technology (HIT) would play a “critical role” in our 21st- century health care system. One of the major components of using HIT was the development and adoption of Electronic Health Records system (EHR). EHR is a digitalized system, which is used by care providers to treat and diagnose the patient. Adoption and use of EHR has been growing in rapid pace in recent years. According to the Institute of Medicine, widespread use of effective EHRs would be key to improving health care delivery...
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...Paper title The role of effective communication in managing Information Technology projects Specific instructions Write academic paper in which you discuss the role of effective communication in managing IT projects. * The paper should be well-researched and conceptualised, drawing on arguments in published books and academic articles. * It should critically discuss the role of effective communication from a broad perspective, paying attention to the implications for team dynamics, management of conflict, dissemination of project briefs, management of meeting, collection and management of information etc. * The paper should cite at least three published books and three journal articles. These sources must be cited in-text and a complete reference list provided at the end of the paper. * It should be written in very formal academic English, with no contractions, clichés, slang, abbreviations, emotive and/or gender insensitive words. * Your arguments and/or claims must be logical and well-developed using sufficient examples and supporting data from your research. You might consider using sub-headings to enhance readability. * Paper should have an abstract of 200words and a methodology section. It should also have a declaration and a content page. * The entire paper should not exceed 12 pages and it should be carefully edited for style and language. * It should be typed in Arial font size 12 with sub-headings in 14. It should be in 1.5 line...
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...“Information Communication Technology –Role, Usage, Awareness by the Distance Learner” Authors Information Name Shukla Pankaj Designation State Head Institute Knowledge Management Research Organization (KMRO) E-Mail address write2pankajshukla@gmail.com Name Chirag V.Jiyani Designation Lecturer Institute Aroma Commerce College E-Mail address write.chiragpatel@gmail.com Submitted to: National Conference “Business Strategies and India’s Economic Growth” R.B.Institute of Management Studies. Ahmedabad Abstract. This research paper is based on the different role of ICT in providing education to the distance learner and different types of ICTs being used in ODL and their specific applications to the various facets of the mode of delivery .Researcher is interested to find out the level of awareness of ICTs and it is utilization by the distance learner of the Ahmadabad region. Researcher also identify whether quality of education is ensured in a technology-driven system of teaching and learning. Based on the data collected through secondary sources and a primary survey, the researcher in this paper makes an assessment of the extent of usage, awareness, quality of education prevalent, among distance learner of Ahmadabad region. KEY WORDS : - Information Communication Technology (ICT), Open Distance Learning (ODL), role, utilization, awareness and quality of education through ICT. Table of Content Particulars | Page no | Objectives | 4...
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...Accounting Information System ACT 564 Homework Problem 1.1 Information technology is continually changing the nature of accounting and the role of accountants. Write a two-page report describing what you think the nature of the accounting function and accounting information system in a large company will be like in the year 2020. When thinking about the future of accounting and the accounting function and accounting information system, it is hard to imagine what it will be like in the future. We have come so far in such a little time technology wise. The year 2020 isn’t that far off into the future if you actually think about it and so much is bound to change! Though as a side note, if I started thinking about the Mayan calendar and how they believe the world will end on December 21, 2012. If this is true, will there even be the year 2020 to look forward to? I can remember my cousin, who is an accountant, doing all her work on paper and in a book. She always stayed late to make sure she wouldn’t get behind on her work. Now ten years later ninety percent of her work is all on the computer. Not only does this save her time but it can also make things easier when automated. In the next eight years, I believe that ninety-eight percent will all be done on the computer. The only thing that will need to be hands on or on paper will be backup copies in case something happens to the computer database. I expect large companies will only need maybe two accountants...
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...or machinery, especially on a large scale. Borderless is without boundary. So the borderless manufacturing is to make or product goods globally. In the modern industry the supply chain management (SCM) makes it possible. It is also beneficial for company to sell its product everywhere. In order to become a borderless manufacturing, a company needs to be able to • Oversight of materials, information, and finances as they move in a process from supplier to manufacturer to wholesaler to retailer to consumer. • Encompasses the planning and management of all activities involved in sourcing and procurement, conversion, and all logistics management activities. • Includes coordination and collaboration with channel partners, which can be suppliers, intermediaries, third party services providers, and customers. • Integrates supply and demand management within and across companies. All of above variations need to be strategically, tactically and operationally integrated together. It is impossible to execute borderless manufacturing without information technology, which plays very important role to enable the followings globally: • Customer service management • Procurement management • Product development and commercialization • Manufacturing flow management/support • Physical distribution • Outsourcing/partnerships • Performance measurement • Warehousing management Now these days any major companies that implemented borderless manufacturing, such Li & Fung Group have to...
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...CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION Information dissemination is an old as man’s ability to communicate meaningfully and intelligently among people to differentiate human beings from animals. There had been some existed channels of making meaningful transfer of information in form, facets and useful ideas through diverse kinds of tangible and intangible media. Since most of these early channels of communication were predominantly physical, they came with lots of problems and difficulties. Imagine in the olden days when teaching learning and communication were carried out through crude means. This research work would extensively examine the role of information and communication technology (ICT), up to the present age that can be called modern ICT age. 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The word is growing digital every second in time with the evolution of new ideas radically transforming every facet of human endeavors and lives generally. There is a great potential for significant improvement our lives as a result of the new technological advancement will depend entirely on the spread with which we adapt to it. Oxford advanced learners dictionary: Information is fact or details about something while technology is the scientific knowledge used in practical ways in industry. In the word of Hornby (1982), information is the giving of knowledge or news while technology is defined as the study mastering and utilization of manufacturing and industrial methods, systematic application of knowledge...
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...CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION Information dissemination is an old as man’s ability to communicate meaningfully and intelligently among people to differentiate human beings from animals. There had been some existed channels of making meaningful transfer of information in form, facets and useful ideas through diverse kinds of tangible and intangible media. Since most of these early channels of communication were predominantly physical, they came with lots of problems and difficulties. Imagine in the olden days when teaching learning and communication were carried out through crude means. This research work would extensively examine the role of information and communication technology (ICT), up to the present age that can be called modern ICT age. 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The word is growing digital every second in time with the evolution of new ideas radically transforming every facet of human endeavors and lives generally. There is a great potential for significant improvement our lives as a result of the new technological advancement will depend entirely on the spread with which we adapt to it. Oxford advanced learners dictionary: Information is fact or details about something while technology is the scientific knowledge used in practical ways in industry. In the word of Hornby (1982), information is the giving of knowledge or news while technology is defined as the study mastering and utilization of manufacturing and industrial methods, systematic application of knowledge...
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...CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION Information dissemination is an old as man’s ability to communicate meaningfully and intelligently among people to differentiate human beings from animals. There had been some existed channels of making meaningful transfer of information in form, facets and useful ideas through diverse kinds of tangible and intangible media. Since most of these early channels of communication were predominantly physical, they came with lots of problems and difficulties. Imagine in the olden days when teaching learning and communication were carried out through crude means. This research work would extensively examine the role of information and communication technology (ICT), up to the present age that can be called modern ICT age. 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The word is growing digital every second in time with the evolution of new ideas radically transforming every facet of human endeavors and lives generally. There is a great potential for significant improvement our lives as a result of the new technological advancement will depend entirely on the spread with which we adapt to it. Oxford advanced learners dictionary: Information is fact or details about something while technology is the scientific knowledge used in practical ways in industry. In the word of Hornby (1982), information is the giving of knowledge or news while technology is defined as the study mastering and utilization of manufacturing and industrial methods, systematic application of knowledge...
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... | | |Information Technology and Value Chains | TRUE/FALSE 1. Technological change is a major factor in gaining competitive advantage. Answer: True Reference: Introduction Difficulty: Easy Keywords: technological, change, competitive, advantage 2. Advances in technology spawn new products and services. Answer: True Reference: Introduction Difficulty: Easy Keywords: technology, products, services 3. Technology is the know-how, physical equipment, and procedures used to produce products and services. Answer: True Reference: The Meaning and Role of Technology Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: technology, equipment, procedures 4. The most widespread view of technology is process technology. Answer: False Reference: The Meaning and Role of Technology Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: technology, process 5. A support network comprises physical, informational, and organizational relationships. Answer: True Reference: The Meaning and Role of Technology Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: support, network, physical, informational, organizational 6. Product technology translates the methods by which an organization does things. Answer: False Reference: The Meaning and Role of Technology Difficulty: Moderate ...
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...Chapter 1 Business Information Systems in Your Career 1.1 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall Essentials of Management Information Systems Chapter 1 Business Information Systems in Your Career STUDENT LEARNING OBJECTIVES • How are information systems transforming business and what is their relationship to globalization? • Why are information systems so essential for running and managing a business today? • What exactly is an information system? How does it work? What are its people, organization, and technology components? 1.2 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall Essentials of Management Information Systems Chapter 1 Business Information Systems in Your Career STUDENT LEARNING OBJECTIVES • How will a four-step method for business problem solving help you solve information systemrelated problems? • How will information systems affect business careers and what information systems skills and knowledge are essential? 1.3 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall Essentials of Management Information Systems Chapter 1 Business Information Systems in Your Career The New Yankee Stadium Looks to the Future • Problem: Escalating salaries, travel costs, and ticket prices, more competing entertainment options. • Solutions: Enhance fan experience by building state-of-the-art new stadium. 1.4 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice...
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...which make up the supply chain and that until recently, most organisations paid attention to only what was happening within their own business. Few organisations understood, much less managed, the entire chain of activities that ultimately delivered products to the final customer. This resulted in ineffective supply chains.In this unit, learners will develop the knowledge that, today, many organisations realise that effective management of supply chain activities can lead to increased customer value and achieve sustainable competitive advantage. Supply chain activities cover everything from product development, sourcing, production and logistics, to the information systems needed to coordinate these activities.Learners will discover that the organisations that make up the supply chain are ‘linked’ through physical and information flows. Physical flows involve the transformation, movement and storage of goods and materials...
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