...COMMUNICATION IN ORGANISATIONS EXAM PAPER Bella Beckerman Topic: Investigate the concept of organisational culture, its dimensions, role and importance for organisations. Explain some of the communication practices that are likely to assist in the creation and maintenance of a positive and ethical organisational culture and climate. Organisational culture is ‘what the employees perceive and how this perception creates a pattern of beliefs, values, and expectations’. Shein (2004). Organisational culture consists of levels and dimensions that play an important role within the organisation, along with communication practices including communication audits, and ongoing training that assist in the creation and maintenance of positive and ethical organisational culture and climate that will be explored throughout this paper. According to Edger Schein (2004), ‘culture involves assumptions, adaptations, perceptions, and learning’ and ‘contends that an organisation’s culture… has three layers’ of which include artefacts and creations that are visible but not often interpreted, values or things that are important to people, and basic assumption people make that guide their behaviour. This is called Schein’s Three-Layer Organisational Model. Schein’s Three-Layer Organisational Model broken down show layer one includes visible artefacts such as wall dividers between employees or annual reports. Layer two includes conscious values or desires, and layer three include assumptions...
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...FROM ‘STRATEGY’ TO ‘CORPORATE COMMUNICATION STRATEGY’: A CONCEPTUALISATION Paper delivered at the 9th International Public Relations Research Symposium, held at Lake Bled from 4-7 July, 2002 Benita Steyn APR Lecturer Dept of Marketing and Communication Management Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences University of Pretoria SOUTH AFRICA 0002 (27 12) 420-4040 w (27 12) 362-5085 fax bsteyn@hakuna.up.ac.za TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. 2. 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 INTRODUCTION DEFINITION OF TERMS CORPORATE COMMUNICATION PUBLIC RELATIONS STRATEGY STAKEHOLDERS AND PUBLICS 1 1 1 1 2 2 3. APPROACHES TO THE ROLE OF BUSINESS IN SOCIETY AS A METATHEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 THE SHAREHOLDER APPROACH THE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY/ETHICAL APPROACH THE CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIVENESS APPROACH THE CORPORATE SOCIAL PERFORMANCE APPROACH THE STAKEHOLDER APPROACH THE ISSUES APPROACH THE ‘CORPORATE COMMUNITY’ APPROACH CONCLUSION 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 5 6 4. STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AS A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 6 6 8 8 8 9 9 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 15 4.1 STRATEGY AS THE MAJOR CONCEPT 4.2 THE CONTEXT OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT 4.3 THE LEVELS OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT 4.3.1 Enterprise strategy 4.3.2 Corporate strategy 4.3.3 Business-unit strategy 4.3.4 Functional strategy 4.3.5 Operational strategy 4.3.6 Conclusion 4.4 THE PROCESS OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT 4.4.1 Environmental analysis 4.4.2 Goal formulation 4.4.3 Strategic thinking and...
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...activities, knowledge and behaviours that are essential for an effective HR practitioner. The two professional areas at the core of the map are Insights, strategy and solutions followed by Leading HR. Insights, Strategy and Solutions-This helps to develop an understanding of an organisation and its background in order to style its strategy and solutions and to meet its needs for now and in the future. The other core professional area is Leading HR, This is to act as a role model to expand the influence HR makes to the organisation both through own efforts and through supporting , developing and measuring others across the organisation. The remaining eight professional areas are: * Organisation Design - ensures that the organisation is appropriately designed to deliver organisation objectives in the short and long-term and that structural change is effectively managed * Organisation Development - is about ensuring the organisation has a committed workforce needed to deliver its purpose. It plays a vital part in ensuring that the organisation culture, values and environment support and enhance organisation performance and adaptability. * Resource and Talent Planning - ensures that the organisation is able to identify and attract key people with the capability to create competitive...
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...Information governance reference model (IGRM) as a basic to build a strategy. () stated that IT play the different significant role within the IG program. The IGRM model designed by EDRM, which provides theoretical Framework to encourage unified IG, as well as advocate policy and process integration for information stakeholders. Especially in, IT, Business, Security and Records and information management. This integration is aim to bring transparency to stakeholders and be able to identify the value and duty of information at any time. Furthermore, this framework contributes more communication and cooperation among stakeholders, the ultimate benefit is to keep crucial information security within the organization, reduce information costs,...
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...that was embedded in the past management. The employees were now able to get involved in decision making, creativity, and innovation. Interaction with top management was also encouraged. Becker's policy however did not improve the performance of the organisation, he spent a great deal of time solving employee problems, there was an increase in the number of complaints by customers and an increase in mistakes made by the employees. The performance of the organisation therefore deteriorated. Symptoms & Causes of Deterioration of Performance: Symptoms & Causes of Deterioration of Performance, Cultural factors, Communication factors, Staff performance: 1. Personality and organisational fit 2. Job design and role ambiguity 3. Espoused and enacted values Power hierarchy & decision making process 4. Stress 5. absenteeism, 6. high staff turnover and 7. Job satisfaction Major issues in the case: Major issues in the case Organisational change inadequately managed. • Following this, Becker did not employ a communication strategy that supported the dissimilarity between management and employees and their different cultures. • Unclear decision making process and power hierarchy within organisation. • Lack of proper analysis of the chances of success of the strategy of empowerment. • Lack of proper coordination within the management team when trying to...
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...A Critical evaluation of the impact that organisational culture on both internal corporate Communication and team dynamics: A Case Study Introduction In recent years, cutthroat demands on organisational operational effectiveness and competitive advantage have increasingly pushed managers to adopt skillful ways to strengthen and enhance efficient organisational functions. The effectiveness of an organisation’s employment of its resources as well as their tactical maneuvers must be related to the motivation and quality of the organizations work force (Pettinger, 2006). Carmarthen Building Supplies ltd is teaming with varying elements of communication problems, pre established organisation’s cultural environment and lack of sufficient team work. Given the f knowledge and experience that the new general manager, Gareth Jenkins, has on organisation and management, and its accompanying features on the importance of communication, culture and teamwork, he sets on a path to change the tide. Gareth Jenkins must confront a number of communication, cultural and team work challenges bedeviling the company at the moment. Underlying the influence of organisational culture on a firm’s communication and team dynamics is the fundamental leadership function. The function of a leader within the organisation is to steer the body towards realisation of a cooperative goal, but within a system of social authority and incentive framework (Schein, 2010). Carmarthen Building Supplies ltd, as...
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... | | | Unit 1 Unit 1 Introduction to Public Relations Introduction The Public Relations Environment Public relations play an important role in contributing towards mutual understanding among groups and institution in return helping our convoluted society to make decisions and function effectively. It successfully harmonizes private and public policies. Public relations has a significant role in diverse institution of society such as businesses, trade unions, government agencies, voluntary associations, foundations, hospitals, schools, colleges and religious institutions. To flourish or to achieve set targets, these institutions must communicate within or with outer world such as remote employees, members, customers, local communities, share holders and other institutions. The targeted institutional goals can only be achieved if the management knows the mindset and values of their people. The external environment has a great influence on setting up of goals. The public relations practitioner acts as a communication bridge between management and their subordinates, helps them to achieve their private aims through acceptable public policy and action. In cooperation with management, public relations encompass the following: • It anticipates and analyzes public opinion, attitudes and issues that might influence...
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...Understanding the Management Role in the City and Guilds of London Institute (‘City & Guilds’) Contents Page The organisation in relation to its purpose and its stakeholders 2 Purpose of City & Guilds 2 Key stakeholders 2 Structure of City & Guilds 3 Rationale for structure 4 The role of management in achieving goals 5 City & Guilds goals 5 Responsibilities of middle managers in City & Guilds 5 Manager’s responsibilities linked to organisational goals 6 Effect of communications and interpersonal relationships on 7 managerial performance Importance of interpersonal relationships 7 Importance of effective communications 8 Ensuring effective team communications and interpersonal skills 9 Development opportunities 10 Critical appraisal of personal skills and attributes 10 Areas for development 10 Development plan 11 References / Bibliography 12 1.0 The organisation in relation to its purpose and its stakeholders 1.1 Purpose of City & Guilds City & Guilds is a leading vocational awarding organisation for work-based qualifications, committed to offering high quality qualifications across a wide range of industrial sectors, through 8500 colleges and training providers worldwide. City & Guilds Group also includes the Institute of Leadership & Management, the UK’s largest management body, combining industry-leading...
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...2.2 Critical underlying cause 4 3.0 Analysis of the underlying cause from the given organisation problem 5 3.1 Current Organisation Structure 5 3.2 External Environment 6 3.3 Cause and Ramification of Underlying Issue 6 3.4 Proposed New Organisation Structural and Solutions 6 4.0 Recommendations 8 1.0 Introduction Dubai Delight is a Brisbane restaurant chain specialising in Middle Eastern foods. The main headquarters is located at the CBD of Brisbane and there are four stores spread across the Brisbane area, including Ipswich. The general manager has reported that there seems to be high levels of confusion between the various sections within the department as the employees are unsure of who should be doing what and to whom they should be reporting. This report will define, analyse and evaluate the underlying factors impacting Dubai Delight’s organisational structure that include: communication, human resource planning and leadership. An alternative model of structure will be implemented to rectify these factors impacting the company. Recommendations will be outlined for Dubai Delight to utilise fundamental concepts of organising, as it will assist the organisation to become leaner, more efficient and more nimble in today’s highly competitive global environment. 2.0 Definition of Organisational Problem 3.1 Problem Identification In any organisation, people are interrelated, for as long as the individual performance affects and is affected...
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...2013 Executive summary This paper is written to analysis the individual and team’s experience and results according to three course concepts 1) Communication; 2) Groups and Teams and 3) Leadership. It examines the theories on these three topics both form the course and outside the course combining personal experience. It has found that communication, although with many different forms. Writing skills, oral presentation and interpersonal communication are usually more valued. Organisation nowadays generally divides employees into groups and teams in order to achieve higher productivity and effectiveness. Lastly, leadership, despite the different theories relating to it, they all emphasise the importance of leadership in an organisation and it is always desirable. Table of contents Catalogue Title Page 1 Executive summary 1 Table of contents 2 Introduction 3 Body 3 Communication 3 Groups and Teams 5 Leadership 6 Conclusion 8 Appendices 9 Goals on Track 9 Team contract 9 Reference List 12 Introduction Throughout out the course of MGMT 1001, our assigned team with 7 members has conducted two simulations, during which each participant played different roles as climbers attempting to reach the summit. Both of the simulations were conducted face- to-face to in a computer lab to avoid communication problems. However during the second simulation, one issue arose. One of the teammates due to personal issue cannot show up. But having the previous...
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...In this essay I will give an explanation of team work along with one relevant theory and concept, the one model that I have chosen for this and that is best known for team selection is that of Belbin’s (1981) team profile. I will identify factors that contribute to change and also conflict within teams and organisations. Lastly I will be identifying the organisational cultures that exist within my own work place a resettlement unit with flats for men who have addiction issues. A team can be described as a group of people who work together to achieve the same goals and objectives for the good of the service users and organisations in order to deliver a good quality of service. There are a number of models identified that can describe an effective team such as Woodcock (1979), Tuckman (1977); however the one that I’m going to describe is that of Belbin’s (1981) team profile. The model is aware that there is no one perfect type of team member but that an effective team is one that consists of a different number of individuals who have different sets of skills and knowledge to offer to the team. The 8 roles that can be identified by Belbin(1981) are: Company worker/co-implementer: practical, organised and reliable worker but who may flounder when there are periods of change. Team worker: Sensible, supportive and often the sociable member who may at times avoid conflict. Chairman/Co-Coordinator: Calm, controlled and self-confident member who may not always be creative...
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...Marketing Communications Chris Fill Barbara Jamieson MM-A1-engb 2/2011 (1039) This course text is part of the learning content for this Edinburgh Business School course. In addition to this printed course text, you should also have access to the course website in this subject, which will provide you with more learning content, the Profiler software and past examination questions and answers. The content of this course text is updated from time to time, and all changes are reflected in the version of the text that appears on the accompanying website at http://coursewebsites.ebsglobal.net/. Most updates are minor, and examination questions will avoid any new or significantly altered material for two years following publication of the relevant material on the website. You can check the version of the course text via the version release number to be found on the front page of the text, and compare this to the version number of the latest PDF version of the text on the website. If you are studying this course as part of a tutored programme, you should contact your Centre for further information on any changes. Full terms and conditions that apply to students on any of the Edinburgh Business School courses are available on the website www.ebsglobal.net, and should have been notified to you either by Edinburgh Business School or by the centre or regional partner through whom you purchased your course. If this is not the case, please contact Edinburgh Business School...
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...Governance 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Change Governance Steering Committee Change Sponsor Change Agent Work Stream Owners 6 6 7 8 8 9 6. Committed Leadership 6.1 6.2 6.3 Role Visible Support - Setting the Example Continuous Engagement 9 9 10 10 7. Informed Stakeholders 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Communication Context The Purpose of Change Communication Understanding the Audience - Stakeholder Analysis Change Communication Fundamentals 11 11 11 12 13 8. Aligned Workforce 8.1 8.2 8.3 People Impacts Organisational Needs Assessment Workforce Development 15 15 15 16 Appendix One References 17 18 ÃTprÃhqÃQ rà This Change Management Best Practices Guide is designed to give general guidance to public sector bodies undertaking change. It is not intended to be prescriptive nor exhaustive. A ’one-size-fits-all’ approach to managing change is ineffective, as each public sector organisation is different, with its own structure, history, culture and needs, and each change event is different. The characteristics of each change (type, breadth, size, origin etc.) also influence the way change is planned and effectively managed. Despite the range of approaches to change management, some common factors for delivering successful change exist. These factors apply across all large and complex organisations, whether public or private. This Guide is intended as a tool to disseminate ideas and best...
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...of an organisation, outlining both communication, control and authority patterns. Structure distinguishes the parts of an organisation and delineates the relationship between them”. Organisations are structured in a variety of ways, dependant on their objectives and culture. The structure of an organisation will determine the manner in which it operates and its performance. Structure allows the responsibilities for different functions and processes to be clearly allocated to different departments and employees. Bartol and Martin (1994, p.283) says, “The Formal pattern of interactions and coordination designed by management link the task of individuals and groups in achieving organisational goals. All companies that are available today have a structure of the positioning of its employees. It shows how work is divided and how the co-ordination works between the members of the organization. The structure also shows how the tasks and responsibilities will be delegated and the way of communication is done from the top level of management to the lower level of objectives, list the tasks, divide work into groups, centralisation or decentralisation, organisation‟s principles, span of control and chain of command. The reason being is because it will help the organisations (Asian paints and Bombay paints) to develop an appropriate structure where in which it will able to link individuals in established network of relationships so that authority, responsibility and communications can be...
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...that the best people are selected to work in organisations. Learners will study selection and recruitment techniques and will set up, and take part in, a selection interview. Unit introduction Recruiting the right people is the key to the success of many organisations. These organisations ensure that the processes and procedures involved in recruitment and selection meet their needs and are legal. In this unit, learners will develop an understanding of the impact of the regulatory framework on the recruitment process. Potential applicants may decide to apply for a post based on the quality of information that they receive. Details of the post will usually be the first communication they have with the organisation. It is important that the organisation makes a good first impression on potential applicants to ensure that they attract sufficient applicants of the right calibre. Learners will develop their knowledge of the types of documentation used in an interview process. A structured and planned selection procedure is crucial to the success of the selection process. The impression a business makes may determine an applicant’s decision to accept an offer of appointment. Staff conducting the interview will also be forming their impressions of the applicant. It is important that interviewers are well organised and prepared. They will need to be familiar with the details supplied by the short listed applicants, and use effective communication and listening skills during the interview...
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