...INTRODUCTION According to Lonazzi (1992), “most people have a sense of what a stage manager is but are usually surprised to learn their perception is rather narrow. The stage manager should certainly have knowledge of the varied components that go into the creation of a piece of theatre. The physical scenery, props, costumes, lights, and sound are obvious elements requiring the attention of the stage manager, but a stage manager must be part director, playwright, designer, and producer. A stage manager will also find himself in the position of confidant, counsellor, and confessor” (p.9).The stage manager supervises rehearsals, assists the director, and takes charge of the stage, performers, and crew during performances. The stage manager serves...
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...understand how to create effective and productive teams and the roles performed by each of the members. The theory used is the Tuckman’s five stages of group development process that involves forming, storming, and norming, performing and adjourning. Another important aspect of effective teams is the right mix of role categories from Belbin theory, which identifies nine types of people, categorised into three specific skills of action, people and thought orientation roles. This essay will analyse the roles managers undertake to facilitate effective team management that is productive and effective in business organisations. An important aspect of leadership management in any organisation team leaders need to have a good understanding of Tuckmens’ stages of team development to build a cohesive productive workplace and an ability to identify Belbin specific types of people and adapt your approach when dealing with the different types of people. (Manning, 1996, pg. 298-302)(Belbin Team Roles. 2013.) Dr Meredith Belbin (1981) team roles based on the behaviour characteristics and interpersonal skills of the individuals within a team. He determined that there were nine different roles in an effective team who undertook specific tasks. These nine roles classified into three major groups. The three major groups of Belbin are action, people and thought orientation skills and within each group, there are three specific roles. The action orientation includes the Shaper who generally challenges...
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...rewarding; within a good performing team you will see that each member has clear roles and responsibilities in order to accomplish results. They can come together for a short or longer period of time with specific roles and objectives to achieve their goal. In a good working group/team each member comes together to achieve a particular task, they support each other, make decisions and take action. When assembling a team it’s good practice to bring together individuals with different viewpoints, different backgrounds, from different departments with different skills, competencies and knowledge to get the task completed especially if you are working on a specific project. Belbin...
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...Roles and Stages Analysis Paper In their essay, Functional Roles of Group Members,1 Benne and Sheats identify a number of roles that are often assumed by members of a group. These "roles" are divided into 3 subgroups: Group Task Roles, Group Maintenance Roles and Self-Centered Roles. During this project, some members of our group consciously took hold of certain roles, while others simply assumed the remaining roles. Throughout the duration of this paper I will analyze the "roles" mentioned within Benne and Sheats’ essay and how my group members acquired and performed in these "roles". Finally, I will discuss and analyze the Group Development Stages as outlined by Bruce Tuckman.2 As a team member of Spring Together, I assumed many roles throughout the project. Initially, I was very nervous and apprehensive about working with an online group. Our first group communications began with introducing ourselves on Blackboard. My apprehension had me quickly taking on the roles of Help Seeker and Tension Releaser, as described by Benne and Sheats.3 Although I consider myself pretty adept at technology, I recall that I asked simple questions of my group members regarding technology in an effort to gain information and break the ice. I also asked that they be patient with me as I tried to navigate Blackboard. In addition, I labeled my email subject lines, “Finally getting the hang of this”, hoping to lighten the mood and release some tension. I also discovered that I...
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...identity and roles develop, the cognitive approach emphasises the role of thinking processes. It refers to how children gather and make sense of information about gender and how their understanding of gender changes over time. It assumes that changes in gender role behaviour reflect changes in how children understand and think about gender. These changes in understanding, in turn, reflect the gathering of information about gender taken from the environment and the developmental changes in the child’s brain that allow them to process information in more advanced ways. Kohlberg has a table to explain his theory of gender development. It says that a child’s understanding of gender strengthens in stages. At beginning, children think in characteristic ways about gender. As the child moves through the stages its understanding of gender becomes greater. The first stage is gender identity, which is usually reached by the age of 2 years. At this stage the child is able to correctly identify its own sex. The second stage is gender stability, which is usually reached by the age of 4 years old. At this stage the child realises that gender remains the same across time. However, its understanding of gender is heavily influenced by external features like hair and clothing. A boy at this stage might say that if he put a dress on he would be a girl. It is not until the third stage, gender constancy, that the child starts to understand that gender is not affected external features. This stage is usually...
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...process of team building TEAM BUILDING There are a series of stages for the formation of a team, each stage different from others. At the early stage the social structure of the team is much more important. Each stage has different implication for members behaviour and team performance. An early analysis of the team development was provided by Tuckman (1965). According to Tuckman a team can be distinguish as a social entity and task entity. The three factors that influence team development in each of four phases are individual’s needs, team needs and task needs. These stages of team development are FORMING This is the first stage of a newly form team. At this stage members of the team first meet each other and predominating concerns are their own needs. People, who have never been together before, meet each other and introduce themselves. They reveal their characteristics and abilities to other team members, sometime slowly. STORMING It is also called the conflict stage. At this stage members are also concerned that on what grounds, rules and procedures the team will operate. What kind of structures the team will have. As long as discussion going on this concern usually expands. In a successful team these problems are largely resolved and mostly concern with team needs diminishes. NORMING It is also called the cohesion stage. At this stage the team defines its roles and relationship among roles. Appropriate behaviour of various members has been worked out. Members...
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...different roles in society. There are different sides that we show to each individual we encounter based on what their roles are in our lives. In this paper, I will discuss the sociological perspective known as dramaturgy. I will describe my front and back stages. My use of impression management will be discussed as well as why we use this form of management. Being social beings on the stage of life, we must play our parts accordingly. Dramaturgy is one social perspective that revolves around role playing. This theory says that we are like actors on a stage and we take on many roles when we interact with others. We constantly change our role (character) when we meet new people. There are two stages associated with dramaturgy and they are the front and back stages. The front stage is the stage where actions are visible to the audience and are part of the performance. Everyday my life is filled with front stages. My office where I work as a Correctional Records Technician serves as one of my front stages. It is there where I assist a multitude of public citizens on a daily basis. My home is another front stage. This is where I take on the role of head of household. The back stage is where performers are present but audience is not, and the performers can step out of character without fear of disrupting the performance. When I get into my car and turn the radio on and hear a song with a nice beat, I start singing and moving to the beat. My car serves as my back stage. My bedroom...
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...The stages of group development are forming, storming, norming, performing and adjourning. My interpretation of the first stage, forming, is meeting/introduction learning about the project and roles each member will play. The next stage, storming, consists of competing for status and acceptance of ideas. It also concerns of how/what should be done to reach the goal of completing the project. In this particular stage, the team leader plays an important role in intervention for guidance and resolving issues for the team to succeed. The third stage, norming, involves working effectively as a team. This portion of the stage, involves respecting each other’s values, processes and procedures. I describe this stage as the “team player” stage. The team leader gives less input during this stage, and acts as a coach, rather than a mediator. The fourth stage, performing, reaches the point where each member now trusts, rely and know each other well. The team works effectively as a group, resolves conflict quickly and assertively, without the intervention of the team leader. The role that the team leader takes is merely monitoring the team’s progress and prepare for the celebration of achievements. The last stage, adjourning, can be considered to be the team leader’s acknowledgement of the project’s completion. The differences between a group and a team can be described as: A group can be any number of people, without any particular goals, roles, or experience...
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...Noor rahman In this essay I will be discussing the various stages a group of individuals may go through when becoming a team and how conflict can be evident and overcome during the process. Teams go through stages of development. The most known structure for a team’s stages of development was developed by Bruce W. Tuckman. The four stages he described: forming, storming, norming and performing are a helpful structure for recognising a team’s behavioural patterns. Stage 1: forming This is the stage in which the group gets together the team will get to know its goals, directions roles etc., during this stage100 the team members are usually exited to be part of the team at the same time they could feel anxious about if they will fit into the team and where there performance can take them. Bruce W. Tuckman described this stage as; “Groups initially concern themselves with orientation accomplished primarily through testing. Such testing serves to identify the boundaries of both interpersonal and task behaviours.” Stage 2: storming The team will start to move towards its goals, however during this stage disagreements about goals, expectations, roles and responsibilities will be openly expressed. This could then lead to a conflict as members may express frustration about constraints that slow the teams progress, this will lead to further arguments and the team could become critical of the teams original mission or goals. During this process conflict will be evident. The...
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...Competing Through Manufacturing by Steven C. Wheelwright and Robert H. Hayes Harvard Business Review Reprint 85117 HBR J A N U A RY– F E B R U A RY 1 9 8 5 Competing Through Manufacturing by Steven C. Wheelwright and Robert H. Hayes M anufacturing companies, particularly those in the United States, are today facing intensified competition. For many, it is a case of simple survival. What makes this challenge so difficult is that the “secret weapon” of their fiercest competitors is based not so much on better product design, marketing ingenuity, or financial strength as on something much harder to duplicate: superior overall manufacturing capability. For a long time, however, many of these companies have systematically neglected their manufacturing organizations. Now, as the cost of that neglect grows ever clearer, they are not finding it easy to rebuild their lost excellence in production. In most of these companies, the bulk of their labor force and assets are tied to the manufacturing function. The attitudes, expectations, and traditions that have developed over time in and around that function will be difficult to change. Companies cannot atone for years of neglect simply by throwing large chunks of investment dollars at the problem. Indeed, it normally takes several years of disciplined effort to transform manufacturing weakness into strength. In fact, it can take several years for a company to break the habit of “working around”...
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...Summary In this report, I discussed the four stages of team development. As being the leader of our team, I played roles in order to facilitate task accomplishment and interpersonal relationship-building in each stage. As well, I employed specific personal and interpersonal skills to improve our team effectiveness. Finally evaluated our team effectiveness by using Alexander (1985) model, found out the strengths of my team, moreover, and observed the ways that can be used to improve our weaknesses. Introduction One definition for teamwork proposed in 2008 is "the interdependent components of performance required to effectively coordinate the performance of multiple individuals"; as such, teamwork is "nested within" the broader concept of team performance which also includes individual-level taskwork (Salas et al 2008). For my reporting team, our tasks were to give a group presentation for our international marketing plan and submit an implementation international marketing plan. Our team was assigned by professor in the beginning of the semester, founded by three people. I was the leader of the team, and member A and B. the following report will indicate how was my roles and skills bring impactions to each other during the team development stages and how were those skills affecting our overall effectiveness. Team Development Forming stage We had two meetings in this stage. The first meeting was in class and was aimed at orienting members and getting...
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...A brief overview of the Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development The Sensorimotor Stage: During this stage, newborn children and little children gain learning through tangible encounters in which the sensors are involved and by controlling items. After learning about the separation of the objects and distinguish between different entities, then children may develop the ability of the attaching names to the objects The Preoperational Stage: At this stage, children learn through imagine play yet at the same time the children are in a struggle with rational decisions and they may feel it very difficult to understand the perspective of other individuals living around them. The Concrete Operational Stage: in this stage m it can be said that Kids...
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...Erik Erikson Erikson’s theory has 8 stages. Like Freud he includes the notion of conflict in each stage. The resolution of each conflict creates a new emerging part of total personality. The person must move through the 8 stages and resolve the conflict in order to achieve a healthy Personality. Erikson suggests that each individual must learn how to hold both extremes of each specific life stage challenge in tension or the other Only when both extremes in life stage challenge are understood and accepted as required and useful 12- 18 years old comes in stage 5 according to Erikson which is : identity vs. role confusion Teenager seeks to answer questions such as: who am I? Where do I fit in? Where am I going in life? If parents allow their children to explore, they will find their own identity. If parents force their child to conform to their view the child will have an identity crisis Erikson’s view of this stage was to define a sense of self identity Identity incorporating parent’s culture and roles, also embracing teenager’s uniqueness and society’s current offering. The transition from childhood to adulthood is most important. Children are becoming more independent and begin to look at the future in terms of career, relationship, families and housing. The individual want to belong to a society and fit in This is a major stage of development where the child has to learn the roles he will occupy as an adult It’s during this stage the individuals try to find out exactly who...
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...believed that individuals go through eight specific stages of development that help one achieve their ego identity (Hooyman, N. R. & Kiyak, H. A., 2011). In each of these stages, an individual has a major task that is to be accomplished as well as a conflict that requires being resolved. Each of these conflicts is a foundation for the successive stages of this model; therefore, the outcome of the crisis presented infers how the individual will advance to the next stage. Erickson’s concept explained how during development individuals proceed through these various stages as they grow and become more capable of dealing with issues and relate with society overall. The stages of Erikson’s psychosocial model are as follows: Stage I is basic trust vs. mistrust. The goal of this stage is to establish a basic trust of the world via trust of parent(s). Stage II is autonomy vs. shame and doubt. Here the individual is to establish a sense of autonomy and self from the parent and to establish self-control vs. doubt of one’s abilities. Stage III is initiative vs. guilt. Individuals are to establish an initiative within parental limits without feeling guilty about their emotional needs. Industry vs. inferiority is stage IV of Erikson’s model. This stage deals with establishing a sense of industry within the setting of school, learning new skills without feelings of inferiority or fear of failure. Ego identity vs. role diffusion is stage V which refers to the establishment of...
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...Task 1 a)Organisational behaviour Organisation is everywhere around us and people are the main recourse of an organization. today’s competitive business environment understanding the people who working in an organization is not less important then its overall success .organisational behaviour is concern with the behaviour of the people working within the company. It is the understanding of an individual or a group of people in order to help organizational improvement and its effectiveness Organisational behaviour and management theory are closely related. the activity of the people in an organization can not isolated from the role of management (Rollinson,2005) b)Importance of organisational behaviour Organisation are created by people and its missions are also set by people . People who run an organization are always trying to adopt themselves with the changing environment of the organization and often influence the organization by new skill and development .as people and organization are closely related they are learning from each other .the external forces such competition ,political, cultural environment are also help organization to learn new technical skill and communication. poet Samuel Butler said that “ any full can paint a picture but it takes a wise man to sell the picture” the skill of a Wiseman is worthless without the hard work of the fool people from this we can realize that how important it is for the manager to understand the organisational...
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