...Though the Roman republic supports many people, it doesn’t fully meet the common good. They take care of many rights, but not all people get them. They have many services, but not all people are eligible for it. As you understand, Rome was a great place but not all were protected. PROMOTE RULE OF LAW The Romans had a well-planned law system. They would use judges and lawyers to prosecute the offender, and they did this process in a court. You may recognize this system in modern-day courts of America and in the popular law show Law & Order. Because the power-hungry patricians had used the plebeians before and only made rules to protect themselves and other patricians, they made the 12 tables. The 12 tables were a way for ‘normal people’ to know when they changed the laws and they were allowed to vote for new ones. Since the Roman law system was so well-made I will give it a grade of B+....
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...How did the Roman army and the application of Roman law serve to transmit Roman culture and values in the provinces (areas)? You may address topics such as language, veteran’s settlements, citizenship, marriage, gender, legal principles and other social concepts. Prior to the Roman Republic the Etruscans conquered Rome, owning the mainland and its people which had a major influence the Roman civilization. Rome was turned into a city and the Romans had now adopted the Eutruscans alphabet, fashion and its army as well as introducing trade. The Roman army especially had an influence on the Growth of civilization when peace was established during the Pax Romana. Such peaceful conditions also promoted trade which was a very important aspect of Roman society. Roman laws and the growth of the Roman Empire were the two aspects which affected Roman religious beliefs. As Rome conquered the majority of Europe many of the different religions were introduced and later accepted in Rome to unite people. Religion was divided into two, the Gods which watched over people and their families and the pater familias who was in charge of the household worship that honoured them. A few centuries later Christianity was born. During the Pax Romana the Roman army has had a major influence on the civilization of Rome. The Roman culture made a wide spread throughout many of Western Europe including countries such as Britain and Spain. As Rome’s current Emperor, Augustus’ establishment of peace meant...
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...The modern practice of explaining a relationship with terms like 'it's complicated' or "we're going out, but not dating" stands to prove very, very different indeed when compared with ancient Roman terms for similar concepts. Even words with similar direct meanings have widely differing context. Sexual promiscuity among males might be transliterated as 'leno'. Whereas, complimenting a male's sexual prowess might be a compliment, "Impudens es leno!" is hurled as an insult, on par with the American "you bastard!" However, does the span of a few millennia dull every convivial sensation or make dreary every delectable euphemism for irrumo? Hopefully, it has not. Roman sexual attitudes have changed greatly since the time of the Caesars, but the facts and records of yesteryear's sexual escapades have not. In fact, sexuality in ancient Rome generally lacked what we would today call 'heterosexual', or 'homosexual'. The colloquialisms of the lower class and silvery loquations of the upper-class possessed innumerable profane terms, some of which have direct lines to modern profanity. There was, of course, the pearly, carnal decadence of the elite, so often portrayed in the media – however, the milk baths and wine showers that come to mind were extravagances and eccentricities, leaving the rest of the people with a very different sexual life. Homosexuality and pedophilia were tenuous topic, despite their common recognition and plentiful literary references. Most important of all, perhaps...
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...Engineering/Architecture facts · Aquaducts were created in early Rome that provided the city with fresh clean water they could use for everyday use. · The Colosseum was started in 72 BC and ended in 80 BC it was built so Emperors could host shows to show there people first starting as comical acts and usually ending with animal to animal death dual or animal and gladiator death dual. · The Circus Maximus was built by one of Romes first Emperors Romolus and he usually used it for entertainment he held chariot races there for the public to watch. Roman Legal Code Roman law was ver simliar tothe one in the united states they used a system used the 12 tables which was 12 laws which must be followed and abided by everyone kinda like the first 10 amendments in the United States. Social Classes 1. Imperial Domus- Rich loyalties that lived in big houses. 2. Senators- Members of the roman senate. 3. Equestrains- A rider of preformer on horseback. 4. Commons- Avarage citizens 5. freeded people- recently freeded slaves. 6. slaves- People who work for people higher up on the social class and did not get paid. Worked Cited · "All about Ancitent Rome" N.P., n.d.web. 24 Oct, 2013. · "Ancitent Rome" History. com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. web. 14 Oct, 2013. · "Ancient Rome, Republic, Empire & Fall of Rome." About.com...
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...Yes - Palo Casaretti 1. Justinian drained the treasury and was compared to a “sea monster” that soaked all the water, money. 2. Justinian restored the areas of the Roman Empire at its height, but it depleted the treasury. 3. He was further condemned for his policies regarding the nomadic tribes that were situated on the dangerous corners of the Byzantine Empire. 4. With the help of John the Cappadocia, Justinian proffer renewal and restoration projects. 5. His efforts were to create general harmony through the correct execution of duties by both the state and the church. 6. He burdened the people with heavy taxes to support mass building projects. 7. He invaded, in 535 A.D., Italy and fought with the Goths of about 25 years. 8. He conquered Arabic and Slavic kingdoms and reach peace with the Persians of the east. 9. He created three imperial law schools and developed Code of Justinian, codified laws. No - Palo Casaretti 1. Justinian was a sly leader. He didn’t use the money in the treasury to benefit the people. Rather he used the money for his own political ambitions. 2. Theodora is considered a disreputable, immoral woman. 3. After Justinian “reclaimed” the land from the barbarians, the imperial territories were in tatters 4. The eclesitatial war which he ordered against the Monophytism in the Oriental provinces was unsuccessful. 5. The consequences of Justinian actions were the opposite of his pursuit of Archaism, and this lended to his idea of military...
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...Historical Laws and Security Sharon Dollar The Code of Hammurabi Draco’s law Law of the Twelve Tables Justinian Code Magna Carta Statute of Westminster The Code of Hammurabi was a Babylonian code that was established in 1750 B.C., it was developed by the Sumerian codes, expression “an eye for an eye” it contains 282 classes regulating a vast of obligations professions and rights, including clauses concerning commerce, slavery, marriage, theft and debts. Draco’s law can about in 621 B.C. from a Greek, citizen this person was chosen to write a code for Athens, and basically there were many offenses with the penalty being death, this was a most unreasonably form of punishment law. The laws he wrote was first mention in Greece, and these laws were highlighted as to why is they were introduce that the state and not the private citizens was responsible for carrying out and punishing the one who commit the crime. Law of the twelve tables was known 450 B.C. includes 10 laws but later on 2 were added to these laws. There were 10 Roman men who were given the powers to write the laws, and they were very different laws that were a form of set base of the modern to public law. These laws were aim to protect the lower class who suffer legal abuse of the ruling class, mainly for the enforcement of debts. This particular also set a basic that the judges could not handle, justice alone to improvise. This law prohibited interclass marriages seriously punished thieves and gave...
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...German Accounting Introduction We are on the precipice of a fundamental globalisation step. The important and continued globalisation of investment has led to the development of internationally applicable standards and codes of practice. The international demand for standardised regulatory systems and processes has many benefits; however countries have been largely unwilling to adopt the international standards and codes for various reasons. (Mansfield, 2004) This report will focus on Germany and its current rate of adoption of the international accounting practices, whilst observing their history and cultural influences that have impacted on their current practices today. We have chosen Volkswagen to demonstrate Germany’s current standards and practice. A history of German accounting The Franciscan monk Luca Pacioli (1445 - 1514) published the first book on double entry bookkeeping (DEB) in 1494. (Derks, 2008, p. 205). German economic historian Werner Sombart (1863 - 1941) said that DEB was ‘one of the most beautiful discoveries of the human spirit’ (Funnell, 2001, p. 55). German accounting has been dominated by a series of competing theories of accounting. (Kupper, 2005, p. 346) The French Ordonnance de Commerce of 1673 and the 1807 Code de Commerce can be regarded as the roots of accounting principles and regulations in Germany. The first General German Commercial Code, enacted in 1861, has much in common in terms of accounting with its French counterpart. The...
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...Was the power of fathers over wives, children and slaves absolute? A Roman father would be given the title of pater familias, meaning head of household and family. This title, given to any male Roman citizen who was “sui iuris”1, 'under his own power,' gave the pater familias certain legal powers over his familias, a word which “covered every member of the household subject to the power of the father...children, slaves and...the wife”2. With respect to these legal rights, the word 'absolute' can be defined as unrestricted or unlimited3. It is, however, important to bear in mind that, according to Plautus, “laws are subordinate to custom”4. The role of the pater familias was a long standing tradition and due to this there were certain behavourial expectations that were not necessarily laid out in Roman law. It was this mixture of custom and law that gave the head of the household such power. It is to be determined, however, whether the same customs and laws also restricted and limited this power. Tradition dictates that the fist wives of Rome were essentially kidnapped and raped5. With such a precedent set, it is no wonder the pater familias could seem to have unrestricted power over their wives. It also seems that society often encouraged men to be strict with their wives. Roman anecdotes, used to project the model relationship between spouses, told of Egnatius Metellus, who “beat his wife to death because she had drunk some wine”6, and Gaius Sulpicius Gallus, who “divorced...
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...Rome had three heirs, who were they, and what do you believe to be each ones most important achievement, and why? * The Western Christian Empire * The western Roman Empire was overrun by German barbarians in the 5th century, and this land would go on to become the Western Christian Empire. * They were a society consisting of farmers, herders, warriors, and a hereditary nobility. * It was Charlemagne, as king of this empire, that would help to create what I believe to be the greatest achievement of the Western Christian Empire. * Charlemagne made educational reforms to his empire that had resounding effects on the history of western Europe. * This included setting up grammar schools in each parish for the teaching of Latin, which had been made the lingua franca of his empire. By doing that, he was able to increase literacy amongst the common man and place a heavier emphasis on creating a more educated society. * Alcuin of York set up scriptoriums for the copying of Roman Classics. * This was extremely beneficial in conserving knowledge of the ancient world through into the modern day. This empire realized the importance not just of knowledge itself but of the preservation of said knowledge as well. * The medium used for writing during this time was an expensive one and very costly, difficult, and time consuming to make. It is for this reason that a new kind of handwriting was developed, called...
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...democracy is a republic? A republic is an indirect democracy. 3. What is a patrician? What is a plebian? A patrician is the upper class group in ancient Rome whose ancestry gave them the authority to make laws. A plebian is the more common people in ancient Rome who were only allowed to vote and couldn’t partake in government. Twelve Tables 4. What was the significance of the twelve tables? The twelve tables was established the idea that all free citizens had the right of protection of law, and that laws would be fair to all. Republican Government 5. Who made up the legislative branch? The legislative branch is made up of the senate. Roman Law 6. List the 4 principles of Roman law. The 4 principles of Roman law are 1: All citizens have the right to equal treatment, 2: Innocent until proven guilty, 3: Burden of proof rested with the accuser, and 4: All laws should be based on reason. A Written Legal Code 7. How did Emperor Justinian contribute to Roman law? Emperor Justinian contributed to Roman law by making the Code of Justinian and saying that the laws applied for everyone. 8. Explain the meaning of “A government of laws, not men” The quote “A meaning of government of laws, not men” means that the laws apply for everyone. Legacy 9. Make a list of Rome’s contributions to democracy. Rome’s contributions to democracy are: An individual is a citizen to a state and not the subject of a ruler, and a written legal...
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...be dealt with accordingly with severe punishments including death. Draco’s Law: Draco created a law which more or less followed the guidelines of democracy. Under Draco’s law, the King had limited powers and could not pass additional laws as he saw fit. Instead the laws would have to be presented before a chosen body of governing officials for evaluation and they would decide from there if the laws were justified. Also a lot of the guidelines within the law were direction proportional to the code that Hammurabi had set forth. Law of the Twelve Tables: “Lex Duodecim Tabularum” (Latin) was the basis for Roman law and the Roman Constitution. The law primarily dealt with the general public or Rome. People were tied together in ethical bounds and they were granted several rights in regards to property and economic rights, similar to the foundation of the United States Constitution. Justinian Code: The Justinian Code was another form of guidance which was intended to be an addition to the Roman Constitution and codes that had been set forth in previous eras. Justinian I had made this addition primarily to deal with a larger, more circuitous population since many of the previous writings didn’t take into consideration a vast population. Also a lot of the Justinian Code was based off of the church. Magna Carta: The Magna Carta was a huge addition to English law. Essentially it was a set of laws that protected the rights of the general public for the harsh rulings that were...
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...similarities between the Western Roman Empire and the United States of America are undeniable and can ultimately lead to the falling of the United States Empire. Section A: Dominant Superpower • Territories • Contributions to Civilization • Military Presence Section B: Similarities in Government • Laws • Republic • Senate Section C: Cultural and Economical Similarities • Entertainment • Welfare • Unemployment The Falling of an Empire The Roman Empire and its reign lasted for almost a thousand years (ca. 500 B.C.E.- 500 C.E.), with the largest agglomeration of land c.a. 120 C.E. (2.2Million sq. miles). Many have discussed what the reasons may have been for the Roman collapse in 476 C.E. Was the collapse due to barbarians, greed, corruption or the lack of moral values by the people and politicians? Maybe an overextended military in foreign land? Could it have been fiscal irresponsibility by their government that may have lead to the Roman Empires demise? Could it be all the above? Isaac Newton once said, “ what goes up must come down,” even largest superpower, Britain, that has ruled the most territory in history over a century ago, is no more. Both the Roman Empire and the United States governments were started “by the people, for the people” (Abraham Lincoln, 1863) yet became something else, built on power and will. The striking historical similarities between the Western Roman Empire and the United States...
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...Alexis Taylor Period 6 The main topic of this article is accounts and excerpts of Roman law towards Jews in the middle Ages. Constantine the Great (306-337) was the first Roman emperor to issue laws which radically limited the rights of Jews as citizens of the Roman Empire. This document was produced October 18, 315 by Constantine the Great. During this time period Christianity had begun to really develop and rapidly spread as a religion. Roman Christians began using Christianity as its way of making their own social classes. This document was intended and produced for the followers of the Christian faith and the Jews whom were a part of the Roman community. Constantine the Great wanted to stress and clarify the guidelines in which Jews were expected to conduct their lives more than likely because with the Roman Law uprising would come about from concerned Christians and Jews. There are two separate audiences that this document could have been intended for and both perceived it differently. For believers of the Christian faith, they received the document as a positive reassurance that no Jew has any authority over them, so in their case they benefit. As for the Jewish community they received this document quite negatively because for starters Constantine a follower of the Christian faith is affecting their lives tremendously by placing them at the bottom of the current society’s social system. Not allowing Jews to marry Christians, not allowing Jews to have Christian...
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...Etruscan family. 3) A republic is a state or country where the ruler is elected by the people and the citizens have the right to vote. 4) The Roman military were well-trained who were organized into legions. They were happy to fight. 5) 6,000-10,000 soldiers were in a legion. 6) The Roman Confederation was a system where people got citizenship under the Roman law. 7) A Roman dictator is a ruler with absolute control in an emergency situation. In an empire it isn't just for an emergency. 8) Cininnatus was a former consul who ran a farm. He was called to be dictated when Rome was surrounded by enemies. He surrounded the enemies overnight and stopped supplies from coming in. 9) There were the patricians and the plebians. The patricians were wealthy land-owning citizens. The plebians were the commoners, so basically everyone else. 10) The tree branches were the senate, assembly, and consul. 11) They revolted because the patricians didn't tell them the laws and the plebians couldn't run office. What happened was that the plebians got to run assembly. Also the laws were posted in the marketplace. They were posted on the twelve tables. 12) They were called the twelve tables. 13) Carthage is at the northern tip of Africa. Carthage and Rome faught in wars because they wanted land. 14) In the first Punic war the Carthagians and Romans both wanted control of Sicily. Rome built a navy from designs of a ship-wrecked Carthagian ship. In the...
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...contrast the Roman warrior class with those of the ancient Chinese. The Romans warriors were a part of the most dominant and influential army in history. They were paid professional soldiers. They were a well-trained army, practicing daily in the use of weapons and strategies that made the empire so successful. Salaries and retirement benefits such as gifts of land to farm were standard for these men. In China, by contrast, the armies that were raised to bring power to the ruling class were typically peasants and farmers that were forced into service, with no regard for wages or even freedom. These soldiers were given only basic training with their weapons and battles were typically won...
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