...easiest landmark. For the first time, the dome ceiling was developed in the architecture of ancient Rome. For Roman architecture characteristic hemispherical dome with the jacketed inner surface. Once emerged, it was called the fabricated sky, preserved in the heart of Rome. Consequently, this element of architecture has had a tremendous impact on the imagination of many generations of architects. The Pantheon has inspired Brunelleschi for the creation of the dome of the cathedral of Santa-Maria Del Fiore in Florence. The paper investigates the history of the creation of both objects and compares the architectural peculiarities of both buildings. The Pantheon...
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...¬ The Pantheon is one of the most celebrated buildings in architecture history. It has left its stamp upon architecture more than any other building (MacDonald, 1976). It served as the source of inspiration for countless other centralized schemes all over the globe. Constructed between 118 and 125 CE under the government of the emperor Hadrian. It is located in the Campus Martius district of ancient Rome. The writing of Ammianius Marcellinus a Roman soldier and historian from the mid-4th century describes the Pantheon as a building perceived to be “a self-contained district” (PI, 2010). Dio Cassius a Roman consul and noted historian from the early-3rd century reports that the Pantheon was a temple devoted to numerous gods and its name is attributed to the manner in which its elevated dome is similar to description of the heavens. Though he seems to have mixed up the Hadrianic Pantheon with an older temple which was previously located on the same site and constructed by Marcus Agrippa a Roman statesman, general and architect. Dio's description remains appropriate (PI, 2010). The Pantheon is made up of two major components, a columnar door which supports a pediment, and a domed rotunda —linked together by a rectangular transitional block (PI, 2010). The of the Pantheon’s threshold, a pedimented, trabeated temple front is a good example of how the Romans extend customary ideas by mitigating radical innovation with archaic features that express prestige and power (C, 2010)...
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...Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine, Rome, Italy, 306-313 The Romans developed a number of building types for public use with specialized functions. One of these building types was the basilica, which is a large assembly hall used for law courts. Not all basilicas had files of columns and timbered roofs. The basilica Nova, also knows as the Basilica of maxentius and Constantine had three great groin vaults over its central space with three barrel vaulted bays to each side. Structurally this organization allowed the semi circular barrel vaults and their support walls to provide lateral stability for the groin vaults. Finally the two apses terminated longitudinal and transverse axes. Pantheon, Rome, 118-128 CE Romans built temples largely on the basis of Greek and Etruscan precedents. The Romans did not build temples as isolated structures, but as axially approached buildings in an urban setting. The greatest circular plan Roman temple was the Pantheon. Its size, boldness, and technical accomplishments made the temple a memorable work. The pantheon was constructed during the reign of the emperor Hadrian. Hadrian is said to be the architect as well. The entrance is a really big portico with twenty Corinthian columns that originally supported roof trusses. This portico is awkwardly joined to the circular cella, a space 142 feet and six inches in diameter and 142 feet high. The bottom half of the cella is a cylinder on which rests a hemispherical dome, with a circular opening...
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...The Pantheon vs. The Parthenon The Pantheon and the Parthenon are both ancient temples. While the Pantheon was built in Rome to celebrate all the Roman gods, the Parthenon was built in Ancient Greece for the goddess Athena. The Parthenon pre-dates the Pantheon by about six centuries; it was built around 447-438 BCE, while the Pantheon was built in 126 CE. The Pantheon was originally built by Marcus Agrippa in 27 BC, during this time he was part of the senate for the third time. The entire Pantheon was destroyed except for the facade, then Emperor Hadrian rebuilt it on the same site in 126 AD. The Parthenon was built during the Classical period between 447 and 438 BC by Iktinos and Kallikrates as a temple to Athens to honor the patron goddess, Athena. Romans were particularly skilled at concrete construction, and the Pantheon is the first temple to combine this technique with Greek classical orders. The 142-foot-diameter rotunda is the focal point of the building and reigned for nearly 2 millennia (until 1960) as the largest dome ever built. Today's Pantheon ("Temple of All the Gods") is not the original. Marcus Agrippa's Pantheon burned down in 80 AD, was rebuilt by Domitian, and again burned down in 110 AD. Emperor Hadrian completely restored the building in 126 AD. The Pantheon is the first temple to combine concrete construction, a technique in which the Romans were especially innovative with the more conservative, if not decorative use of Greek...
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...purpose was to create a connection to ancient Roman republican society as well as the Greeks and their democratic values. It was also meant to create a new American mythos to enshrine values, illustrate manifest destiny, and show that the United States was created by divine providence just as Rome was founded. We can see this in many of our monuments and artwork from the time period, as well as in the way the American story is told and taught to us. The Jefferson Memorials construction began in 1939 when President Franklin Roosevelt laid its cornerstone and was completed in 1943. It is dedicated to Thomas Jefferson our third president and was modeled after the Pantheon in Rome. It was...
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...Within Thomas Jefferson's house he was able to incorporate several different cultures together, he added many things that brought a classical feel to the building. One of the first things that I was able to notice was that of the Greek/Roman pillars out on the front porch as well as the pediment over the top of the pillars. These pediments are also evident above all of the windows and doors creating balance. The next thing that was brought to my attention was that of the dome which was right above the pillars, it was where my eyes were drawn, as if it was the center. In order to have this effect everything out right and left were symmetrical down to the last detail. Symmetry was a very important aspect of the neoclassical time period and that...
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...Parthenon in Athens VS Pantheon in Rome The Parthenon and Pantheon are ancient temples found in Athenian Acropolis, Greece and Rome, Italy. While the Parthenon was built between 447-438 BC for the goddess Athena, Pantheon was built in 126 AD to celebrate Roman gods. The Parthenon was built by Iktinos and Kalikrates while Pantheon was built by Publius Aelius Hadrianus. Today, the Pantheon serves as a Roman catholic church while the Parthenon serves as a museum (Langmead, and Christine, 240). This paper identifies similarities and differences between the two structures in terms of design, style, history, and usage. Perhaps, one of the most remarkable and prominent works of architecture; the Parthenon was built under the rule of Pericles as a temple for the goddess Athena of the city of Athens. Today, the temple, which serves as a temple, stands astoundingly intact. This emanates from the fact that its Doric columns that were built in Greek style were formidable. Conversely, the construction of the Pantheon happened much later after the Parthenon for the Roman gods (MacDonald and Lloyd, 158). It contained several architectural designs of the Pantheon. The most conspicuous difference between the two structures lies in their architectural designs. The Pantheon has an immense 4,535 metric tons of concrete rotunda designed in a circular model with a porch held brickwork Corinthian columns. The structure is made from several materials that include concrete, brick, marble, and granite...
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...Inside the cella stood a statute of the patron goddess of Athens, Athena. Although modern scholars often speculate at the furnishing of the interior of the Parthenon, the actual decoration remains speculative (Greer 68-72). The Roman Pantheon however, was quite different. From an exterior view, the structure is somewhat unimpressive. Once inside though, it opens up into an enormous, well lit, domed space. Light flows in from the oculus, a thirty foot opening in the center of the roof which is over 143 feet above the floor (Janson 135-136). The spaciousness of the interior could only have been created by sacrificing the quality of the exterior. "Indeed, the Pantheon itself is the classic example of. . . the centrally planned building [designed] to support a circular dome" (Brilliant 49). The basic styles of architecture are initiated by the technique or type of form used. For instance, Greek architecture is most closely associated with the column and colonnade, while Roman architecture by the arch and vault. The columnar style externalizes architecture and lends itself to more of an ornamental character. The arch and vault lend themselves more to an interior perspective, but also have greater structural advantages. The development of the Roman arch and vault, considered by many to have been the chief architectural contribution of Rome, are structurally more sound than the post and lintel construction used by the Greeks. The arch and vault carry far heavier loads, at the...
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...The pantheon was built by Marcus Agrippa in 27 AD to celebrate his father in laws victory. The name “Pantheon is made fr4om the greek words “Pan” and “Theon” which meant all and god's, respectively. It was also served as a temple for the roman gods. Unfortunately, it was burned down. Someone named Domitian restored it in 80 AD. Once again, somehow it was struck by lightning and burned down in 110 AD.The destruction of the Pantheon was suggested that the greek gods were highly upset of how they treated this temple. The remains of the pantheon was left in place for 8 years until Hadrian became the new emperor and made it for one last time, and it still stands today. The pantheon had a very, very long history. During the rise of Christianity,...
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...The two different scared spaces that I choose to research are The Pantheon and St. Stanislaus Kostka Parish. The Pantheon is known as a temple built in Rome, Italy originally in 27 BC. This temple was first dedicated to all Gods, which is also known as Paganism and transformed into a Roman Catholic Church later in history. As for St. Stanislaus, this is a Roman Catholic Church that is located in Coatesville, Pennsylvania and was founded in 1907. The Pantheon and St. Stanislaus are both currently considered under Roman Catholicism yet, have different history behind their religion as the Pantheon originated as a Pagan religion and St. Stanislaus has always been Catholic. These scared spaces share the similarity in Catholicism however; their unique architect and history are very different. St. Stanislaus is a beautiful stone building with a large triangular peak where the cross sits on top. The front of the space has four columns that stick out of the building. The entrance is very simple with a small porch that leads to one main entrance way. There are three small rounded windows that are not translucent and look very dark and gray to the eye. Aside from the architect of the building, there are saint statues in the front of St. Stanislaus; the saint that this church is named after. From the outside of this building the structure is old and aged looking yet, the inside is where the beauty lies. Statues line the inside of this church from facial marble structures on the walls...
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...to establish a universal commonwealth succeeded only in achieving a balance of privileges and corruptions." He spoke about the distinction from the container and the contents where on the exterior Rome is depicted as a "marvel of formal dignity and masterful composure", and within, a city that promotes the devaluing of human life and filled with injustice. Rome in essence with it's feelings of grandeur was too big for it's britches. As Virgil expressed in the Aeneid "To Romans I set no boundary in space or time. I have granted them dominion and it has no end." With it's insatiable desire to conquest they failed to take into account the potential consequences of growth or plan how to adjust their own political and economic system to account for that growth. The more expansive they became, they found that it was also more difficult to rule over such a vast territory, and found itself faced with constant societal upheavals. The more control they gained, the more control they lost. 2) Although both the Roman forum and the Greek agora serve as public gathering places, they are used in different contexts. The forum acts as a center for political as well as religious worship, and includes offices of important persons and temples. Here political debates, and meeting would take place. The Agora on the other hand is purely used for commercial purposes, acting as a marketplace for trade. It is also a place where subjects would gather to hear the statements from...
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...The Pantheon was built in Rome around the years of 118 to 128. It was built under the Emperor Hadrian. It was meant to be a temple dedicated to the twelve Olympian gods. The dome of The Pantheon was built using a hemispherical wooden form. Workers poured concrete into this form starting from the bottom and continuing to the top. The dome itself measured 142 ft. in diameter and 142 ft. tall from floor to the top of the dome (169). The Pantheon being supported by a cylindrical base was not the only thing that differentiated it from the Hagia Sophia. The Pantheon also had coffers on the inside of the dome. These recessed square panels helped to strengthen the dome as well as relieve some of the weight of the dome as well. There is also an oculus...
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...Classical Societies Art Analyzation The Greeks and Romans shared a lot of the same qualities when it came to art. They used some of the same orders when it came to architecture and used sculptures to idolize important figures in their civilizations. The Romans, however, took what was learned from Greek art and improved upon it in ways to show advancement. They added more detail, showed emotion or movement, and used elaborate design in architecture. Each society in the Greek and Roman civilizations had its own unique way of showing their artistic creativity. Classical Greece Classical Greece, also known as The Golden Age, was a time for great achievement. One of the greatest structures known during this time is the Parthenon. This fascinating piece of architecture is considered to be a temple. It uses the classic Doric order of design and is the largest of its kind on the Greek mainland (Benton & DiYanni, 2012). This temple was designed and created as a dedication to the goddess Athena. Her image is inside the temple. Architecture was very important in this culture during this time. According to Athens University of Economics and Business (2010), architects strove for the precision and excellence of workmanship that are the hallmarks of Greek art in general. The Greeks developed the three orders, Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian, which were used to build many structures during this era and future eras. The Parthenon is a perfect example of classic Greek architecture (Benton...
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...Greek and Roman Art and Architecture Since the onset of Greek and Roman civilizations centuries ago we have seen the art and architectural worlds evolve into what we know them as today. In fact, many of the ancient Greek styles were duplicated by the Romans and modified to suit their needs. We can still see a lot of Greek and Roman influences in the present day, especially in the architectural world. Below I will cite some examples of Greek and Roman pieces of art and a structure from each culture and detail some similarities as well as some contrasting values. I’d like to begin by comparing some pieces of art. In The Fallen Warrior (Greece) and The Dying Gaul (Roman copy) both clearly represent a tragic event. Both subjects are leaning on the ground and seem to be dying but the reality of the event is more evident in the Gaul sculpture. The wound is clearly visible and the anguish of the subject is captured in his poise. Conversely the subject of the Warrior piece looks rather content and shows no visible injury. Both works are roughly the same size and represent a relatively perfect human structure with attention to muscular detail as well as an idealization of the human body. However, the Warrior sculpture shows less optical fact and more stylization as far as the eyes, mouth and beard are concerned when compared to the almost true to nature elements of the Gaul piece. This shows how some of the Greek foundation was carried along but modified by the Romans. In The...
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...Greek and Roman Architecture Melisa Hart ART/101 September 7, 2014 Caleb Kromer Write a summary comparing the characteristics and innovations of each Greek and Roman architecture in 200 to 300 words. Greek architecture inspired Roman architecture, so they have several similarities between them. Together they have created classical architecture that is still greatly remember to this day, but they also share a lot of differences. Most Greek architecture was built to honor their gods, great detail on the outside and inside. Many of the buildings that were built have unique columns, which are used for support, and most of the buildings are more rectangular. The Greeks building many temples. The Greeks developed a set of orders that has a separate type of architecture that is better used in the three orders first Doric, second Iconic, and third Corinthian. The First Temple of Hera is a good example of how the Greeks used columns in their structures. The structure of The Lion Gate in Greece is another example of Greek architecture. This type of building uses post-and-lintel construction, which is something else that the Greeks were famous for. The Romans used more concrete in their structures than the Greeks. The use of concrete allowed them to make larger buildings and unique structures. More of the Roman buildings are preserved than the Greeks due to the use of concrete as well. The Colosseum in Rome is a great example of a famous piece of architecture built from the...
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