...decision alternative best suited to regain a competitive footing (Circuit City to fire more than 3,400 workers, 2007). Against the backdrop of the Rational Decision-Making Model, the choice appears to have been made in a vacuum in that while problem definition may have been straightforward enough (loss of revenue, decreasing sales), one could reasonably question the rationality of the criteria used and the weights assigned to those criteria (Robbins & Judge, 2009). Certainly therefore, the decision had no effect on the company’s misfortune. Worse, it may have precipitated the death rattle. Circuit City’s decision to dismiss so many employees had a chilling effect not only on the workers (who also happened to be customers), but on the general public at large. Consumers were not only mystified at the move, but were openly contemptuous of...
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...examples of the Doric order are the Temple of Hephaestus and Parthenon Athens. In turn, the Iconic masterpieces include the temple of Athena Nike on the Acropolis and the Erechtheum. The Ionic order gained dominance during the Hellenistic period, however was prone to a great deal of resistance by many Greek States. Compared to Romans, in their architectural constructions and designs the ancient Greeks applied wood for roof beams, plaster for bathtubs, brick for walls, marble and limestone for walls, columns, and upper portions of public buildings and temples, terracotta for ornaments and roof tiles, and metals for decorative details to construct civic, religious, domestic, recreational, and funerary buildings. The commonest form of Greek public architecture was temple, with altar standing under the open sky in the sacred fane before the temple. Temples were closely associated with the cult of the god. Palaestra (gymnasiums) served as the social center for males, namely physical exercises and athletic contests. Council chambers in Greek cities served the functions of a meeting place for the town council and court houses. In contrast to ancient Romans, Greeks did not apply domes and arches, and therefore could not build constructions with huge interior spaces. Theaters...
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...Ancient Greek and Roman sculpture The sculpture of the Greeks and Romans represents one of the major arts of antiquity. It is diverse in its function. Greek monumental sculptures were developed on the islands of the Aegean and Crete in the middle of seventh century B.C. The adaptation of figures and technologies are borrowed from the Near East and Egypt make a new artistic idiom suitable to the needs of the individual city-states and the Greek sanctuaries. In around a century and a half, the developments rapidly led to the birth of Classical art that show the distinctiveness of the human figure. Sculpture was the perfect means for the expression of the new Classical ideal. There are three major periods of ancient Greek and Roman sculptures which are differentiated by their style and their function. The earliest sculptures appear in the Archaic period around 8th - 7th century BC. The sculptures illustrate form of small figures of men, animals, and gods in bronze, clay, or stone the usually standing or seated. The form is called Daedalic with a form of big heads, frontal figures, and triangular faces. In the late of the 7th century the Greeks aware of the Egypt sculpture and they change to make larger figures in hard white marble from the Cyclades islands. There are two main types of the figure, “the kouroi” who are naked males standing with one foot forward, hands to sides, and the korai, who are dressed in women. They are used for decorating buildings or dedications for the...
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...Roman Art – The Identity of an Empire Christina Kapua ARTS/100 April 18, 2013 Taurie Kinoshita Roman Art – The Identity of an Empire The Romans ingeniously display majestic art while incorporating function and purpose to build an empire. The Romans had many forms in which they created art. They adorned their city, homes, and palaces with paintings, sculptures, and grand architectural structures. Rome admired and emulated the artistry of the Greek, Egyptians, and Celtic designs. They learned engineering techniques from the Etruscans that has developed Rome’s historical development and style. With its influence of other cultures, Romans have established its own characteristics of ancient classical Rome, which has carved a pathway to many forms of artwork in the past and present time. The different genre that Rome has influenced is two-dimensional arts, sculpture, and architecture; with significant contributors, such as Michelangelo Buonarroti and Gian Lorenzo Benini. Historical Development and Evolution of Style Influenced by the Etruscans and inspired by the Greeks, the Romans artistry evolved to display realism and power. Romans learned practical and advanced engineering techniques from the Etruscans that began the groundwork for the vast buildings built to serve the needs of a growing population. After the overthrow of Greece majority of their artwork, and sculptures were brought back to Rome to adorn their city and palaces. Many Greek artists migrated to Rome to impart...
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...by far the largest and prettiest (Sayre, 2013). The Greeks made three individual architectural systems, which were called orders, and each one had its own unique size and detailing (Sayre, 2013). Three orders: • Doric • Ionic • Corinthian This Parthenon belongs to the Greek goddess of wisdom, Athena Parthenos, and belongs to the Doric order (Sayre, 2013). This Erechtheion is a temple from classic Greek architecture and belongs to the Ionic order. The last order to be noted is that of the Corinthian. The Temple of Zeus in Athens is the most famous one in the Corinthian order. Beliefs influenced by traditional beliefs about Gods and Goddesses and the teachings of philosophers (Ancient Greek & Roman Religion, 2012). The religion...
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...The Greco-Roman world has affected me with the creation of a major political system and with modernizing trade that hasn’t been seen again since the 1890’s. The Romans also had an amazing plumbing system which revolutionized the way that the human race would use water. The Greco-Roman world was the highest point in history until the Industrial revolution thousands of years later. Greece had a specific way of governing their people as they also invented a new way to govern them. Greece also affected the whole world with the spread of democracy. The democracy of Greece was really different than some americans might think that the “Democracy” of The United States is. A true democracy is supposed to be where everyone has a voice in the government....
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...Sallustiani Obelisk Luuk Breur 091237 The Horti Sallustiani Obelisk was made in Rome, dating back to the first century AD. Literally meaning “Gardens of Sallustius” (Sullustius being a Roman historian), it was placed in a private estate of a certain Roman elite near Pincio hill. It is believed to be a copy of an obelisk at Circus Maximus. The first difference that meets the eye is of course, it’s style. While the obelisk at Circus Maximus was decorated with Egyptian-styled pictures, the Horti Sallustiani obelisk is clearly Roman. The arrangement of the decorations and symbols however, are very similar. They both depict, in the bottom part of the west panel, a man kneeling, making an offering to the Egyptian god Amun-Re, who has a solar disc placed above his head. In the Circus Maximus obelisk it is the Egyptian Pharaoh Ramses II kneeling, whereas in the Horti Sallustiani obelisk it is a man dressed in Roman Clothing. Also, the symbols on this obelisk are depicted slightly different. It could very well be that it is still the Pharaoh and that the symbols have the same meaning, but it has been depicted differently to make it more recognizable for the Roman public. As for the meaning of these obelisk, it’s hard to tell what the exact function might have been. It is commonly known that the Romans (as did the Greeks) had admiration for Egyptian art. It is of course way too simple to say that there was no symbolic value whatsoever. Perhaps emperor Augustus placed the Circus Maximus...
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...Degree Selected essays on Roman Civilization Plebeian revolt There are a number of causes that led to the first revolt by the Plebeians. Some of the causes of the revolt are poor distribution of land, poverty among the Plebeians, and the harsh debt law that affected the plebs. This essay will discuss the causes of the first Plebeian revolt as well as the results of the revolt. One of the main causes of the plebeian revolt was the existence of poverty among the Plebeians. The poverty was a result of the actions of the Patrician, in some ways. What happened was that the Plebs assisted the Patrician to expel the kings from Rome and led to a republican state. The fight against the kings left the plebs in a very worse off condition. Since the patricians lived in the city, during the war their property would remain secure. The city was guarded by walls. However, since the plebs lived in the countryside, which was not guarded, their property was greatly destroyed during the wars. The plebs’ fields were destroyed as much as their property. The destruction of the property and fields was possible since the Plebs men were fighting in the wars leaving their homes unprotected. So, whereas the men were fighting during the wars their properties and fields were being plundered, making them very poor at the end of the wars. So the Plebs were not happy that their properties and fields were being destroyed by the enemies, when in fact they were serving in the Roman army for the sake of protecting...
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...restorer of Rome. He introduced a number of religious, moral and political reforms in order to improve Roman society and formulate a new Roman government and lifestyle. The basis of each of these reforms was to revive traditional Roman religion in the state and make things in the empire all together better. First, Augustus restored public monuments, especially the Temples of the Gods, as part of his journey for religious revival. He also commissioned the construction of monuments that would further promote and encourage traditional Roman religion After Augustus generated renewed interest in religion, he sought to renew the practice of worship In order to do so, Augustus revived the priesthoods and was appointed as pontifex maximus, which made him both the secular head of the Roman Empire and the religious leader. Augustus also enacted social reforms as a way to improve morality. He felt particularly strong about encouraging families to have children. As such, he politically and financially rewarded families with three or more children, especially sons. This incentive stemmed from his belief that there were too few legitimate children born from “proper marriages.” On the other hand, he penalized unmarried men older than 38 years old by imposing on them an additional tax that others did not have to pay. They were also debarred from receiving inheritances and attending public games. Augustus also amended divorce laws to make them much stricter. Prior to this, divorce had been...
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...Greco-Roman Architecture is still very strong among the modern world today. The architectural and design of the Union Station in Washington D.C. reflect very distinguishing influences from the Greco-Roman civilization. Embellishments of the Triumphal Arches, the Arch of Constantine Rome are two examples of designs in building that commemorate military triumphs and gave authentication to military power and Roman Emperors. The Union Station embodies imagery much like the Arch of Constantine, along with Ionic columns, chiseled inscriptions and allegorical sculptures. Considering many buildings such as the Union Station, The Smithsonian, The Eisenhower Executive Office, The Washington National Cathedral, and The Library of Congress, many monuments...
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..."Do ut des" - a motto of pre christian Roman religion, meaning "I give so that you might give". (from the website Ten Ton Hammer proverbs and quotes.) The lasting Legacy of Rome is not Christianity despite the popular belief. Christianity would not be the Lasting Legacy of Rome because it would have spread without the Romans help. The lasting legacy of Rome is the architecture, city additions, the use of art, colosseum, technology, language, and Western democracy that the Romans invented. In the Modern world people use most of the things that the Romans invented every day. The lasting legacy of Rome would be architecture, because the arches and bridges would not be here today if the Romans had not invented them. The Romans invented the arch....
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...Greek and Roman Architecture ART/101 5/15/2013 Mary Douglass Axia College of University of Phoenix Art takes forms in many different ways and has been around from the beginning of creation. In fact creation itself can be considered as art. The Greek and Roman architecture began around in the 600 BC, during the archaic period, according to scholastic web site Greek art and architecture reached its distinctive style. Greek architecture influenced Roman architecture and there are similarities in their art, culture and styles, yet there are also many differences because both the Greeks and the Romans techniques have unique characteristics. Greek architecture is featured by three distinct architectural types, which are the Doric, Ionic and Corinthian, but they hardly use the Corinthian themselves, rather in later years it became the standard order in Roman architecture. In ancient times the heavier Doric order was considered masculine and the Ionic order graceful and feminine (Sayre 2010). Greeks effectively used these architectural styles in constructing buildings, theaters and temples. The Doric style was primarily used in mainland Greece with a further spread to the Greek settlements in Italy. The Ionic style was used in Ionia and the Aegean islands. The Doric style was more rigid and formal, whereas the Ionic was more decorative and calm and the Corinthian is more organic and still (Sayre 2010). The styles are mostly reflected in the three orders of column capitals...
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...Introduction Ancient Rome was a very powerful society. The Romans were tired of being ruled by a king, they fought againsest their last king and made a republic. The republic was where the people choose their leaders. The republic is a democracy and wanted to meet the common good for everyone. The Roman republic was somewhat meeting the common good. Usually only the higher class people were the ones benefited, and the slaves did most of the hard work and didn’t have any rights. It wasn’t very fair for lower class people. There were five main purposes of government which were promote rule of law, provide public services, support the economic system, protect rights, and prepare for a common defense. Each part of the government was important...
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...the deceased. These funerals told the youth that glory awaited the brave who put everything on the line for the success of the Roman Empire. It reiterates of how Roman society encouraged patriotism and would not let the noble deeds of one go uncelebrated, or let the memory of the virtuous die. Polybius gives a description of an aristocratic Roman funeral. In the extract, he speaks of eulogies and the emotional reactions of the mourners who are reminded of the virtuousness and success achieved by the dead. Polybius, who was Greek, was clearly fascinated by the Roman funeral practices. Specific extracts make it obvious that Polybius believed that the Roman funeral was an important tool in educating the Roman youth on crucial teachings and values of classical Rome, “There could not easily be a more inspiring spectacle for a young man who aspires to fame and virtue” this tells of how virtue was an important value, one of which instilled by the procession. It is also important to notice the fact that Polybius quotes "fame and virtue" and not fame and fortune. As this defines how virtue, in this specific era, far outweighed fortune in Roman society. Funerals summarized the life of their subject and established how they would be remembered. This was extremely important to Romans who modelled their own lives after the heroes of their Empire's past. The Roman funeral seems to be about remembering nothing but the good times. The part where a relative of the deceased, usually...
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...Greek vs Roman Comparison Chart | Comparison | The Greeks | The Romans | Greek vs Roman Attitudes | Greeks revered the poet | Romans revered the warrior | Greek vs Roman Mythology | Poetical & fanciful myths about individuals | Practical myths focussing on the gods relevance to everyday life and the Roman state | Greek vs Roman Creativity | The Greeks were highly imaginative and developed their fantastic mythology | The Romans borrowed existing mythology, names were changed. Stories of the wars and founders of Rome were included in their mythology | Greek vs Roman Time Period | Greek mythology was developed first | Roman mythology was developed 1000 years later | Greek vs Roman Nature of the gods | Greek mythology focussed on the personality traits of gods | Roman mythology focussed on practical roles and achievements | Greek vs Roman Actions | Individualistic, emphasis placed on the heroic deeds and achievements and actions of individuals | Non-Individualistic, emphasis placed on the achievements and actions of Romans and Rome | Greek vs Roman Politics | Greek religion had little influence on politics | Roman religion was officially endorsed by the state and exerted considerable influence over the government of Rome | Comparison | The Greeks | The Romans | Greek vs Roman Priests | Greek priests were revered as teachers and healers of individuals | Roman Politicians took the offices of influential priests, called...
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