...Subject: Analysis of a Professional Journal Date: Mar, 31, 2016 Introduction I am evaluating a journal article titled: Algorithmic accountability. The article was published in Digital Journalism, in November 7, 2014. The author of the article is Nicholas Diakopoulos from College of Journalism, University of M aryland . Evaluation This article focuses on the concept of “Algorithmic Accountability Reporting” as a way of investing biases and influences employed by algorithms in todays society and how new age computational journalists should approach it. This article is directed at journalists who are scrutinizing algorithms to understand biases and false analysis portrayed by algorithms. The article is well structured. Text is organized in coherent sections which logically connects the entire article. The article starts with the brief introduction which outlines the points which will be covered in the article. Introduction also answers the questions of – what is this article about, who is the target audience, what are the current issues faced in journalism and how methods described in this article will help address those issue. Author, then mentions few real world examples of software companies which collect user data and then build ingenious algorithms to classify, group and eventually target people for their benefits – and how in doing so – they often open risks and flaws. The author exposes potential flaws by raising very valid questions about the decisions made...
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...Writing is an amazing thing. People learn a lot about the characters through the diction and the way the author presents his/her characters. Whether the author is telling the audience something directly or indirectly, the audience can characterize the characters either way with the information given. Another way that can help out with characterization is with figures of speech.William Shakespeare never uses direct characterization on any of his characters in his play Romeo and Juliet. To find out what a character is like, the reader must read in between the lines of the play. The reader can also use the speeches, thoughts, effects on others, actions, and looks in the play to indirectly characterize them. Shakespeare uses indirect characterization when he uses oxymorons, paradoxes, and juxtaposition to describe Romeo and Juliet’s complex star crossed love. William Shakespeare uses oxymorons to emphasize how Romeo’s romantic nature leads to tragedy. Romeo, in one of his speeches, is talking about loving Juliet with “serious vanity”(1.1.171). The deeper Romeo falls in love, the...
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...Mercutio Characterization In the play Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, Mercutio is a character who possesses the traits of being a comedian, being fearless, and being rude. The merging of these three characteristics brought a character that plays an imperative role in the play. He plays the role of Romeo’s close friend who eventually meets his demise after being in a sword fight with Tybalt. Romeo gets between the fight and the sword pierces Mercutio. Mercutio’s main characteristic in the play is that he adores joking around and making fun of others. In the play, he takes pleasure from making fun of the Nurse, Tybalt, and even Romeo. In Act 2 Scene 2 lines 125-130 sings about the Nurse being “an old hare hoar:” He is basically saying that she is really old and some other inappropriate statements in a witty way. In Act 2 Scene lines 19-35, Mercutio also makes fun of Tybalt. He says “More than Prince of Cats” when he is talking with Benvolio about Tybalt. He says that Tybalt plays too much by the book. Mercutio’s comedic trait is noticeable in the play. Another trait important to Mercutio’s personality in the play is his fearlessness. In Act 3 Scene 1 Line 73, he says “Tybalt, you ratcatcher will you walk?” He is trying to start a swordfight with Tybalt to defend Romeo’s honor since Romeo would not accept Tybalt’s challenge. His fearlessness brings him to his doom during the swordfight when Romeo gets between them which caused an enraged Romeo to kill Tybalt. Another...
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...In the play Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, Shakespeare writes about a tragic love story between two star-crossed lovers. His writing also includes many examples of juxtaposition to help characterize the personality of the characters in his play. This supports Juliet’s actions of being impatient, and how Romeo has a gorgeous face, but an ugly heart. Juxtaposition is defined as the fact of two things being compared closely together, such as beauty and ugliness. Shakespeare uses juxtaposition as an indirect characterization in Romeo and Juliet to show how complex their relationship is to retain. Shakespeare uses juxtaposition to highlight that Romeo’s love for Juliet ironically ends up complicating his life and relationships with his friends and relatives. Romeo can only describe Juliet as,“Beauty too rich for use, for Earth too dear,”(1.5.45). He is so unbelievably in love with Juliet that he cannot see Juliet as anything other than a beautiful face. Romeo can only describe his pain of being rejected by a, “Heavy lightness! Serious vanity,”(1.1.171). Juliet’s love is weighing Romeo down, but he has serious...
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...William Shakespeare uses dramatic and captivating methods to showcase his character’s complexity. The literary techniques in The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet speak as indirect characterization to provide a better understanding of characters. By using many examples of juxtaposition, Shakespeare adds complexity to each character. Romeo’s confusion about love makes him a complex character. In response to a one way love affair, Romeo is left questioning love: “This love feel I, that feel no love in this” (1.1.175). Romeo does not understand the true meaning of love, yet he wonders why he cannot be loved. Romeo often mistakes beauty for love which leaves confusion. Romeo is caught up in Juliet’s beauty before she even opens her mouth. Romeo’s perspective...
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...each character to show how the characters have the ability to complement one another. Character foils reveal how two opposites can come together to form a unique whole that is equally balanced. Through the characteristics brought forth by character foils, readers can see the significance of the relationship. William Shakespeare uses the methods of speech, effect on others, and actions of indirect characterization to demonstrate how the contrasting characteristics of Benvolio and Tybalt represent the feud between the Montagues and Capulets. William Shakespeare uses the articulation of speech to demonstrate how...
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...Analyze the characters of the Nurse and Friar Laurence as mentors to the young people in the play. Do these two people do the “right thing” by Romeo and Juliet? The nurse and Friar are sophisticated characters that act as parental figures within the prolix and truculent play. The timeless classic Romeo and Juliet (RJ) by William Shakespeare revolves around the notion of determinism, death, love and deception. Despite Romeo and Juliet having warring parents who pay little regard to them, the Nurse and Friar act as parental figures towards them who guide through vexed situations in their best interest, however, this only prolongs their declivity, with the Friar acting as a motif of death and the Nurse acting as a beacon of hope. By understanding the way Shakespeare has shaped the characters of the Friar Lawrence and the Nurse, the audience can understand the way they are presented in the play and the role they play in foreshadowing Romeo and Juliet’s’ cataclysmic fate. In the midst of this thespian play, the Nurse is depicted as a more favorable parental figure rather than Juliet's Parents. This decision is reasonable considering the social taboos of the historical context during the Elizabethan era, which depicts parents of high status as being stern and adamant, making it fairly uncomfortable for the young to discuss personal affairs. Juliet is preferable of the Nurse over her own mother because the Nurse has been looking after her from a very young age, stating that Juliet...
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...in it. But if you know where to look for it... the world also has warmth. And love. And forgiveness. The world has joy in it. When you find a place that allows you to experience that joy, when you find people that make you feel safe and loved, like you belong... you don't walk away from it. You fight for it.”( Espenson). In The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare a lot of violent and scary things happen, but the characters somehow find a way, in the midst of the chaos, to find that happiness. Shakespeare focuses on the power of love to capture the attention of his audience. This love leads to things all throughout the play to come across as much different than suspected and end up defying stereotypes. Shakespeare uses characterization, visual motifs and dialogue to convey this theme that things aren’t always what they seem. The first way that Shakespeare conveys this theme to his audience is through showing the thoughts on marriage from Capulet and Lady Capulet. Capulet says “And too soon marred are those so early made. / Earth hath swallowed all my hopes but she; / She is the hopeful lady of my earth. / But woo her, gentle Paris, get her heart, / My will to her consent is but a part, And she agreed, within her scope of choice/ Lies my consent and fair according voice.” (I. II. 13-19). Back in this era most fathers would marry off their daughters as early as possible to men that they thought would be suitable for them. The women would usually be reluctant to marry...
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...The most influential writer in all of English literature, William Shakespeare was born in 1564 to a successful middle-class glove-maker in Stratford-upon-Avon, England. Shakespeare attended grammar school, but his formal education proceeded no further. In 1582 he married an older woman, Anne Hathaway, and had three children with her. Around 1590 he left his family behind and traveled to London to work as an actor and playwright. Public and critical success quickly followed, and Shakespeare eventually became the most popular playwright in England and part-owner of the Globe Theater. His career bridged the reigns of Elizabeth I (ruled 1558–1603) and James I (ruled 1603–1625), and he was a favorite of both monarchs. Indeed, James granted Shakespeare’s company the greatest possible compliment by bestowing upon its members the title of King’s Men. Wealthy and renowned, Shakespeare retired to Stratford and died in 1616 at the age of fifty-two. At the time of Shakespeare’s death, literary luminaries such as Ben Jonson hailed his works as timeless. Shakespeare’s works were collected and printed in various editions in the century following his death, and by the early eighteenth century his reputation as the greatest poet ever to write in English was well established. The unprecedented admiration garnered by his works led to a fierce curiosity about Shakespeare’s life, but the dearth of biographical information has left many details of Shakespeare’s personal history shrouded in mystery...
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...All Pun Intended Samantha Garapati Period 4: English Date: 30th May 2010 “Prick love for pricking, and you beat love down”(1.4.28); it doesn’t take the mind of a rocket scientist or a teenage boy to figure out the innuendo behind that quote. That’s precisely Shakespeare’s genius; people can enjoy his plays, whether they have the intellectually tuned minds of inventors or the less stimulated minds of cottars. Puns are one of the tools with which he accomplishes this popularity in all spectrums. Not only does he use puns to add rude humour to scenes with bawdy jokes to enhance the enjoyment of the public, he also uses it to indirectly characterize, adding dimension to characters. Finally, he also uses it to foreshadow approaching events, creating anticipation and tension in audiences. William Shakespeare’s primary use of pun is to add humour to scenes with bawdy jokes, thus providing audiences and readers comic relief and dissolving some of the tension of the previous and following scenes [T]. In the following quote, Shakespeare manages to both create the sexual imagery concerning virgins in readers’ minds and suggest that the best kind of wit is wit that is able to mould itself and accommodate many levels of meaning. Applying this to a larger subject, Shakespeare is suggesting that the best way to live life is to live on every level, base or intellectual. Our perception of life is essentially our personality, and our perspective is limited or broadened by our experiences...
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...in London until his mid-forties, when he returned to his family and home in Stratford, where he remained in prosperous circumstances until his death on April 23rd 1616, his fifty-second birthday. [2] In the thirty seven plays that are his chief legacy to the world human nature is displayed in all its astonishing variety. [3] While Shakespeare caused much controversy, he also earned lavish praise and has profoundly impacted the world over in areas of literature, culture, art, theatre, and film and is considered one of the best English language writers ever and left the richest imaginary world ever created by the human mind. Shakespeare transformed European theatre by expanding expectations about what could be accomplished through characterization, plot, language and genre. Shakespeare's writings have also influenced a large number of notable novelists and poets over the years, including...
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...ROMEO & JULIET Prologue (ACT 1) As a prologue to the play, the Chorus enters. In a fourteen-line sonnet, the Chorus describes two noble households (called “houses”) in the city of Verona. The houses hold an “ancient grudge” (Prologue.2) against each other that remains a source of violent and bloody conflict. The Chorus states that from these two houses, two “star-crossed” (Prologue.6) lovers will appear. These lovers will mend the quarrel between their families by dying. The story of these two lovers, and of the terrible strife between their families, will be the topic of this play. ANALYSIS This opening speech by the Chorus serves as an introduction to Romeo and Juliet. We are provided with information about where the play takes place, and given some background information about its principal characters. The obvious function of the Prologue as introduction to the Verona of Romeo and Juliet can obscure its deeper, more important function. The Prologue does not merely set the scene of Romeo and Juliet, it tells the audience exactly what is going to happen in the play. The Prologue refers to an ill-fated couple with its use of the word “star-crossed,” which means, literally, against the stars. Stars were thought to control people’s destinies. But the Prologue itself creates this sense of fate by providing the audience with the knowledge that Romeo and Juliet will die even before the play has begun. The audience therefore watches the play with the expectation that it must...
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...“Letter from the Understudy” The price for fame, attention and recognition can be high – and yet so many people around the world, want to achieve it. At times, the aim for these achievements can result in horrible situations that might end up hurting more people than you thought. In the short story “Letter from the Understudy”, by the famous British writer Katryn Simmonds, the protagonist draws to psychotic measures to keep up with his fellow actor on his journey to fame. This essay will analyze and interpret the narrative technique, the many references to Shakespeare and his works and a characterization of the protagonist, Gavin. The short story’s protagonist is Gavin Pollard who lives in London and works as an actor. The text is formed as a letter from Gavin to Malcolm – the director of a play, in which Gavin plays the understudy. In the personal letter Gavin tries to explain a crime he has committed towards his fellow actor, Alex, who plays the leading role of the play. In the letter Gavin writes about his passion for the theatre and that he really wants to be in the spotlight – just for once. His jealous feelings towards Alex results in a purchase from a Chinese herbalist, which is used to poison Alex. Because of the poisoning Alex gets sick, with a short-term stomachache, and therefore Gavin gets the chance to perform in front of the audience. After the performance, Gavin gets the attention that he so badly wants, which makes him greedy. He gets his friend to round...
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...A Translator’s Coming of Age by Omaya Ibrahim Khalifa Through studying the three translations of Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet done by Mohammed Enani in 1965, 1986 and 1993 respectively, this study adopts a diachronic approach. In addition to examining the historical dimension, this study attempts to address itself to crucial questions related to the process of translating a literary text. A few of these are: how a translator can approach a given text in three different ways and how each translation changes according to the approach and the methods chosen by the translator. More importantly, the study proposes to discuss the pragmatic conditions governing the act of translation and how far these result in prominent modifications in the relationship between the source and target texts. The first part of this study discusses the problem or problems which confront a translator attempting to transpose Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet into Arabic, and the second analyses the three translations and how each deals with the problems discussed. Mohammed Enani, in his introduction to his third translation of Romeo and Juliet, singles out tone as the main difficulty that faces any translator attempting a rendering of the play. In the Elizabethan era romance was regarded as a subject for comedy and as such allowed playful treatment. Harry Levin explains that Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet was an innovation at the time. He reveals the effect of the play on contemporary audiences...
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...Shakespeare was a writer that explored a range of emotions in both is drama and his poetry. His presentation of strong feelings, most particularly his presentation of love and passion, is a piece of his writing that has fascinated audiences and critics alike for centuries. It could be argued that his sonnets (166 and 130) and the play Romeo and Juliet best represents his exploration of strong feelings and of love. Romeo and Juliet is a love story written by Shakespeare, it is the most famous tragic love play. It is about “two star-crossed lovers” in different households both alike in dignity which is where the scene begins. At the beginning of the play, there’s a feud going on between the Capulet and Montague families. People involved in the feud have to defend their families and friends, even if that means bloodshed. The main thing is that Shakespeare was trying to describe an exotic place where the audience could believe a tragic love story might happen. Romeo and Juliet are about two households in Verona which is where the scene begins. Throughout the play Romeo and Juliet Shakespeare presents love as a strong and passionate emotion. He generally links love and religion in his play. The prologue is a 14 line sonnet. This describes two families that are both ‘alike in dignity’ and live in Verona; this also tells us that from each household ‘a pair of star-cross’d’ lovers will appears. Their lives are taken to mend the hatred between their families. In Act 1 Scene V takes...
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