...Non-Violence Vs. Violence The civil rights movement started with an african American women refusing to give up her seat on a bus in montgomery Alabama. Her name was Rosa Parks. “ The only tired I was, was tired of giving in.” - Rosa Parks. This one women standing up for herself led to a bus boycott that would last 13 months. An organization that was the start to change was The montgomery improvement Association (MIA) helped to focus on the rights that african Americans had when it came to as simply as where they sat on a bus. This organization was started before Rosa Parks ever stood up for her right. Founded in 1946. This boycott happened when students start riding different busses integrated (black, white, black) on the bus seats so when other people would get on they would have no choice but to join in with the lack of segregating the busses. All of these events that have happened in the 60’s are examples of and the reason that non-violence protesting is the most effective....
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...• NAACP-National Association for the Advancement of Colored People • Plessy Vs. Ferguson-1896-separate but equal • De facto segregation-segregation by custom and tradition • Sweatt vs. Painter-schools had to admit black people • Sit-ins---would sit and refused to move in order to shame managers into integration • Brown vs. Board-Thurgood Marshall-Linda Brown-ended segregation in all public schools • Montgomery Bus Boycott-Rosa Parks-MLK was a leader • MLK-inspired by Gandhi • Southern Christian Leadership Conference-set out to end segregation • Little Rock Nine-Eisenhower hand to order troops in-LBJ helped it pass, but it was weaker • Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee • Freedom Riders- rode buses in the south to protest-were beaten by Whites and KKK • Kennedy used civil rights to win election-promised support • James Meredith-applied to college, but was denied even with a court order • Kennedy assassinated, but Lyndon Johnson carries on his support of African Americans • Civil Rights Act of 1964- Gave power to made segregation illegal, gave power to federal gov. to prevent discrimination • Selma March-many were beaten in front of cameras-shocked nation • Voting Rights Act of 1965-allowed for many African Americans to vote-no more literacy tests • Even though discrimination was ending, it didn’t change people’s attitudes • Watts riot- African American neighborhood-had to send in National Guard • Kerner Commission- studied why the riots were happening ...
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...restaurant and ask for a cup of coffee. They knew that they would be rejected and the whites in the restaurant would usually take matter into their own hands instead of leaving it to the police to serve justice. Anne Moody who acted in a sit in describes how the waitress almost ran to the back because she knew that a mob would break out. (Doc 4) Many criticized Martin for this. He got many letters from different people, but the one which shocked him was ones from the clergyman asking him to wait. He decided to write back while in jail, using religious examples so that they would further relate. He said that they have already waited too long and now was the time to prove they are equal (Doc 5). MLK and others were able to bring a large amount of people together to boycott the bus after rosa parks was arrested for not giving her seat to a white man. They were able to hurt the bus company financially which would make the company rethink separating on their busses. This was not the only act to stop busses from segregation, there was also the Freedom Riders that rode busses throughout the south protesting segregation in interstate bus terminals. Their tires were slashed, and even one...
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...Cafeteria on 14th U b. April 1944 a sit in took place at Thompsons Restaurant at 11th and Pennsylvania Ave – 2 weeks i. 56 students sat in, while representatives negotiated with the management 3. But these events did not become common knowledge within the media 4. In 1943, Core had started with sit-ins in The Jack Spratt Coffee House, in Chicago a. This was settled within a day by police officers b. This event also was viewed as regional – moment vs. movement b. Moment to Movement i. What does this mean? 1. Moments to Movements a. Irene Morgan vs. Rosa Parks i. Morgan refused to give up her seat in 1944 and was arrested ii. She went to the Supreme Court, and won iii. Morgan vs. Commonwealth of Virginia – Virginia Law (segregated seating) unconstitutional in Interstate Traffic b. Inspired Journey of Reconciliation (1947) with 16 Chicago activist (CORE) to ride busses in upper south i. Led by Bayard Rustin c. Parks refused to give up her seat in 1955 and was arrested i. She was secretary of the Montgomery NAACP, attended activist training seminars, and was in close...
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...Modern America (1890’s) >Civil war (1861-1865) Fredrick Jackson Turner >Speech at the Chicago world’s tour fair (1893) “And new, four centuries from the discovery of America, at the end of a hundred years of life under the constitution, the frontier has gone, and with its going has closed the first period of American history.” Modern Corporation (Began in 1850’s) Charter from a state Capital- Sale of stocks Limited personal liability Civil war Swift Meats Borden Dairy and groceries Carnegie – R.R’s and Steel Andrew Carnegie wrote in 1886 “if I asked what important law I should change, I would say none the laws are perfect” 1860 | 1900 Number of Americans 31 mill | 70 Mill Manufactured Goods 2 bill | 11 bill Miles of Rail Roads 30,000 | 200,00 Iron and Steel Production 0 | World’s largest Number of Industrial workers2.7Mill (40% of entire U.S. Population )|13 mill (65% of U.S. Population) America As A world Power ( the 1890’s) >European “imperialism” v American Imperialism (trade economic advantage) >from 1870-1900 America’s New Empire {18 Million square miles (1/5 of the earth’s land)~ 150 million people} >The 1875 Economic Depression Overseas markets for American goods (unemployment) >Need to sell a broad 70 % U.S. cotton / 40% U.S. wheat /50% U.S. copper /15% U.S. iron steel / 16% U.S. agricultural equipment to find overseas buyers – U.S. State...
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...UNIT 3C: REPRESENTATIVE PROCESS IN THE USA SECTION 1: ELECTIONS & VOTING Primaries: * Election to select a parties candidacy for president * Open primary: A primary for any registered voter, democrat or republican. E.G. Texas * Closed: A primary for democrats and a primary for Republicans. (Separate one’s) * Invisible primary: candidates try to gain support and finance in the year before the primary * Proportional primary: awarded delegates in proportion to votes they get * Winner-takes-all: Win the most votes and you take all the states delegates Advantages: * Increased level of participation from ordinary votes (30% in 2008) * Increased interest from people * Increased choice of candidates (14 in 2008) * Removing power from party bosses Disadvantages: * Turnout is usually low * Voters are usually unrepresentative of normal voters (tend to be wealthier, old and better educated) * Process is far too long and expensive (Obama in 2008 announced his running 332 before the first primary * Fails to test presidential qualities Increased importance of primaries: * Really the only route to become a parties President Caucuses: * A meeting for the selection of a candidate * Usually held in states that are geographically large but thinly populated (Iowa, North Dakota, Nevada) * Turnout is usually pretty low, and usual favour ideological candidates National party conventions: Formal functions: ...
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...GAME CHANGE OBAMA AND THE CLINTONS, MCCAIN AND PALIN, AND THE RACE OF A LIFETIME JOHN HEILEMANN AND MARK HALPERIN FOR DIANA AND KAREN Contents Cover Title Page Prologue Part I Chapter One – Her Time Chapter Two – The Alternative Chapter Three – The Ground Beneath Her Feet Chapter Four – Getting to Yes Chapter Five – The Inevitables Chapter Six – Barack in a Box Chapter Seven – “They Looooove Me!” Chapter Eight – The Turning Point Chapter Nine – The Fun Part Chapter Ten – Two For the Price of One Chapter Eleven – Fear and Loathing in the Lizard’s Thicket Chapter Twelve – Pulling Away and Falling Apart Chapter Thirteen – Obama Agonistes Chapter Fourteen – The Bitter End Game Part II Chapter Fifteen – The Maverick and His Meltdown Chapter Sixteen – Running Unopposed Chapter Seventeen – Slipping Nooses, Slaying Demons Part III Chapter Eighteen – Paris and Berlin Chapter Nineteen – The Mile-High Club Chapter Twenty – Sarahcuda Chapter Twenty-One – September Surprise Chapter Twenty-Two – Seconds in Command Chapter Twenty-Three – The Finish Line Epilogue – Together at Last Index Author’s Notes About the Authors Copyright About the Publisher Prologue BARACK OBAMA JERKED BOLT upright in bed at three o’clock in the morning. Darkness enveloped his low-rent room at the Des Moines Hampton Inn; the airport across the street was quiet in the hours before dawn. It was very late December 2007, a few days ahead of the Iowa caucuses. Obama had been sprinting flat out...
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