...from freeways, the achievable throughput is subject to regulatory constraints such as speeds and societal limitations such as headways between vehicles. Historical traffic volumes indicate that hourly throughputs per lane are generally increasing over time. This reflects a reduction in headways between vehicles as motorists’ acceptable and safe gaps between vehicles become smaller. As a direct consequence, the capacity of freeways has been observed to increase over time. The most recent edition of the US Highway Capacity Manual indicates a ceiling value significantly higher than that applied fifteen years prior. This paper has set out to identify the changing values of capacities over time as applied to freeway traffic conditions. The paper examines capacity in the context of observed volumes to date from both an Australian and International experience. This paper then examines the car following algorithm in the VISSIM microsimulation software to benchmark the similarity of the maximum freeway capacity against these observed volumes. This review of existing literature was initially undertaken when developing a VISSIM microsimulation model to examine the application of forecast...
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...90-728 Management Information Systems Fall Semester 1999 Class Project: Home Delivered Meals Information System (HDMIS) Project Overview Allegheny County, like other American metropolitan areas, is facing the prospect of a “graying” population: the “baby boom” generation born in the middle 1940s – early 1960s is approaching retirement age and, while their parents’ generation is already retired, and the younger “baby bust” and “Generation X” cohorts are having fewer children than their immediate ancestors. In addition, Allegheny county, like most other metropolitan areas, is facing the “hollowing out” syndrome in which population has left the center city (in this case the city of Pittsburgh) for suburban areas as well as areas beyond the immediate Pittsburgh region. However, Pittsburgh, unlike most metropolitan areas, has also faced, and continues to face, stagnation in overall population growth: there are few in-migrants to replace those not born due to a low birth rate and those who leave for better opportunities elsewhere. Thus, the population of elderly is shifting from the city to the suburbs over time (see Figure 1 and http://www.hdm.heinz.cmu.edu). This information is quite relevant for one sector of the economy: that devoted to services for the elderly. As people age, they are more likely to be homebound and thus in need of home-delivered services such as physical therapy, home cleaning, full-time nursing care and home-delivered...
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...Antidepressants and the Body Many people in America take millions of pills, syrups and potions and ingest it in some form or another on a daily basis. It is helpful to know exactly what happens inside our bodies when we take some form of medication. Medicines work in a variety of ways depending on what they are taken for and in what form. Medication has a route and form in which they are taken. Medications can be taken in oral which would be a pill or liquid, sublingual in tablet or drops, topically in cream or ointment, inhalation, drops etc. The type of medication and the route will have an effect on where the drug will enter the body and what areas the drug will focus on. In this paper I will explain how antidepressants work with chemicals in the body and also the good and bad of taking antidepressants. About 20 million people in the United States suffer from some form of depression (Schimelpfening, 2012). Depression occurs in someone when endogenous chemicals in the brain are used by the central nervous system to help communicate signals from one area to another. This imbalance in neurotransmitters, such as Serotonin, Dopamine and Norepinephrine plays a role in clinical depression. Decreased production of these neurotransmitters, a lack of receptor sites able to receive these neurotransmitters, and the inability of these neurotransmitters to reach a receptor site plays in an important factor in depression. The most common and effective drug used for people with...
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...Performance of Indian firms before and after entry of foreign firms Under the Guidance of Prof. Saptarshi Purkayastha Under the Guidance of Prof. Saptarshi Purkayastha Submitted by: Group 6, Section B JAYASHREE LANJEKAR PGP/16/024 HEMANT KUMAR PGP/16/083 NISHANTH S PGP/16/096 T DURGALAKSHMI PGP/16/115 ARKAPRABHA DEBNATH PGP/16/133 UMESH KUMAR (GL) PGP/16/174 Submitted by: Group 6, Section B JAYASHREE LANJEKAR PGP/16/024 HEMANT KUMAR PGP/16/083 NISHANTH S PGP/16/096 T DURGALAKSHMI PGP/16/115 ARKAPRABHA DEBNATH PGP/16/133 UMESH KUMAR (GL) PGP/16/174 CONTENTS 1. | Introduction | 3 | 2. | Research Questions | 3 | 3. | Research Methodology | 4 | 4. | Literature Review | 4 | 5. | Conclusion | 14 | 6. | Tables | 15 | | | | | | | Introduction FDI refers to direct investment in business or production in a country by a foreign company. It leads to capital inflows from abroad into the production capacity of an economy, and facilitates international trade and knowledge transfer. It is a source of employment and capital which results in country's development. It improves the foreign exchange, helps transfer new technologies, increases competition, exports and tax revenues. It benefits the recipient country's business in terms of management, revenue generation by following the best practices which are of global standards. The policies related to FDI underwent major change in 1991 as a part of structural adjustment program. Since...
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...Scope and Challenges for Research in Management and Commerce in Globalized World By. Dr.P.G.K.Murthy * Dean , Fcaulty of Management , Gujarat Technological University Dean , Doctoral Studies Faculty of Management Parul University Parul Cumpus Vill : Limda . Tq. Waghodia Dist. Vadodara . Gujarat India E Mail : pgkmurthy2@gmail.com M.+91-9998036240 Abstract : In Globalized World of today wherein information and data are accessible through internet even at a remote village (if connected by internet bandwidth ) , scope for research in Management and Commerce is very wide open as never before . At the same time , as larger number of researchers both in India and abroad have access to information and data through internet , privileges of researchers at a few elite institutions are threatened . Due accessibility of data and information at click of mouse , speed of research gains great importance and is a major challenge to a researcher . This paper makes an attempt to look into scope and challenges of research in Commerce and Management while trying to identify different segments of research in both disciplines and also synergies between these closely related disciplines . ------------------------------------------------- Key words : Globalization , Commerce , Management . * Views expressed in are personal views and not that of the institutions with which the author is associated with . Scope and Challenges for Research in Management and Commerce...
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...Prasad W.P. No.2007-03-05 March 2007 The main objective of the working paper series of the IIMA is to help faculty members, Research Staff and Doctoral Students to speedily share their research findings with professional colleagues, and to test out their research findings at the pre-publication stage INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AHMEDABAD-380 015 INDIA IIMA INDIA Research and Publications Reviving Gujarat State Road Transport Corporation: An Agenda for Action N. Ravichandran1 and M.V.N. Surya Prasad2 Abstract In this article, we examine in detail the reasons related to the declining operating and financial performance of Gujarat State Road Transport Corporation (GSRTC). The contribution of various environmental and governance issues related to the decline of GSRTC are identified. Based on the diagnosis, a detailed revival plan consisting of a set of actions to be undertaken by the management is proposed. The responsibilities of the government, the management, and the employees in implementing the revival plan are briefly discussed. This article concludes with set of strategic priorities that need to be examined by government in reviving GSTRC and other similar state-owned public utilities. 1 2 Faculty, Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad PGP (2004-2006), Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad W.P. No. 2007-03-05 Page No. 2 IIMA INDIA Research and Publications Introduction Gujarat State Road Transport Corporation...
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...Prasad W.P. No.2007-03-05 March 2007 The main objective of the working paper series of the IIMA is to help faculty members, Research Staff and Doctoral Students to speedily share their research findings with professional colleagues, and to test out their research findings at the pre-publication stage INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AHMEDABAD-380 015 INDIA IIMA INDIA Research and Publications Reviving Gujarat State Road Transport Corporation: An Agenda for Action N. Ravichandran1 and M.V.N. Surya Prasad2 Abstract In this article, we examine in detail the reasons related to the declining operating and financial performance of Gujarat State Road Transport Corporation (GSRTC). The contribution of various environmental and governance issues related to the decline of GSRTC are identified. Based on the diagnosis, a detailed revival plan consisting of a set of actions to be undertaken by the management is proposed. The responsibilities of the government, the management, and the employees in implementing the revival plan are briefly discussed. This article concludes with set of strategic priorities that need to be examined by government in reviving GSTRC and other similar state-owned public utilities. 1 2 Faculty, Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad PGP (2004-2006), Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad W.P. No. 2007-03-05 Page No. 2 IIMA INDIA Research and Publications Introduction Gujarat State Road Transport Corporation...
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...RESEARCH INVENTY: International Journal of Engineering and Science ISSN: 2278-4721, Vol. 1, Issue 5 (October 2012), PP 34-42 www.researchinventy.com Role of Foreign Direct Investment in India: An Analytical Study 1 Dr. Jasbir Singh,2Ms. Sumita Chadha,3 Dr. Anupama Sharma 1 Associate Professor, Maharaja Surajmal Institute, Janakpuri, Delhi Assistant Professor, Maharaja Surajmal Institute, Janakpuri, Delhi 3 Assistant Professor, Maharaja Surajmal Institute, Janakpuri, Delhi 2 Abstract: International Economic Integration plays a vital role in Economic Development of any country. Foreign Direct Investment is one and only major instrument of attracting International Economic Integration in any economy. It serves as a link between investment and saving. Many developing countries like India, are facing the deficit of savings. This problem can be solved with the help of Foreign Direct Investment. Foreign investment helps in reducing the defect of BOP. The flow of foreign investment is a profit making industry like insurance, real estate and business services and serving as a catalyst for the growth of economy in India. The present study is based on the objectives like (a) to know the requirement of amount of foreign investment by India, for its economic Development and (b) to analyze the trend and role of FDI & FIIs in improving the quality and availability of goods has been beyond doubt. To analyze all these objectives data has been gathered through secondary...
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...Environmental Analysis Environmental Analysis La Shawn Baker ECO/501- The purpose of this paper is to do an environmental analysis of AT&T. The environment of the telecommunication industry has three components of the macroeconomic environment, the industry environment, and the operating environment within the organization. This paper will cover the history of AT&T and it affected the communication industry. It will also outline the three variables that affect the telecommunication industry. AT&T (American Telephone and Telegraph) establish in by Alexander Graham Bell. With the success of the telephone, Bell earned patents that also gained the interest of investors created a Bell Telephone Company. The telephone became the new found gadget of telecommunication; the service other exchange companies established across the United States. American Bell sought obtained Western Electric Company in 1882 making Bell Telephone Company into Bell System (History of AT&T, 2010). The telecommunication market, developed by AT&T, and expanded from one inventor, two investors by 1984 being 149 billion dollars, 1009,000 workers. Also in 1984, AT&T reduces long distance rates by 6.4%, as non-traffic sensitive costs begin moving from rates to local-company managed access charges. This was the first in a series of rate reductions over a six-year period (Milestone of AT&T, 2010). AT&T has several strengths, which, derives from their products wireless, landline, internet, and data...
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...explores the travel industry by developing an understanding of the reference materials used to market cruise for domestic and international destinations. Course Credit: 3 units lecture Contact Hours: 3 hours lecture/week 54 hours of lecture/term III. COURSE RATIONALE Cruising has been considered a global phenomenon; statistic shows the growing popularity of the cruise industry. This course aims to study the essential feature of cruises and how it contributes to the Tourism Industry. IV. COURSE OBJECTIVES By the end of the course, students should be able to: 1. Analyze the past, present and future of the cruise industry; 2. Analyze the services of the cruise industry from a traveler’s perspective. Identify routes, schedules, fare specials, and vacation packages; 3. Reflect on the issues affecting the cruise line industry and explain the psychology of selling cruises to prospective clients; 4. Observe the importance of capitalizing in the sale of cruise vacation packages to a much wider audience; and 5. Exert effort in producing cruise brochures in relation to the travel. V. COURSE CONTENT UNIT 1. Contemporary Cruise Operations 3 hours – June 16-17, 2011 A. Specific Learning Objectives: At the end of the unit, the students should be able to: 1. Define elements of cruising. 2. Identify the history of cruising. 3. Critically reflect on the image of cruising and consider different types of cruises...
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...Marketing Research Paper Air Leo Airline ______ This Air Leo airline will base its business and marketing strategies on achieving high, and profitable, load factors through absorption of unmet demand in three key air-traffic categories: unserved and under-served routes on which high unmet demand currently exists or can be readily developed; serving key niche markets where demand is either unmet or poorly served; and meeting peak traffic demands on certain key regional, seasonal, and variable routes where very high load factors can be predicted despite existing but lower-quality competition, or where competition cannot meet the demand. The proposed Air Leo airline will be designed around, and operated utilizing, the most up-to-date electronic, informational, and aviation technologies to ensure low operating and marketing costs, maximum efficiency in deployment of its resources, and a high level of customer service and convenience. And it is this final element - dedicating the airline, its staff, and its organization to providing a high level of customer service and convenience, and efficiently meeting the needs, wants, comfort, and safety of the passenger - that will assure the proposed airline's rapid acceptance in the marketplace and its long-term growth and success. How the company will execute the Marketing Plan: 1. Provision of high-quality service on routes and in markets that currently are either unserved, poorly served, or under-subscribed by existing carriers...
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...Unclassified Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Économiques Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development DAF/COMP(2014)14 06-Jun-2014 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ English - Or. English DIRECTORATE FOR FINANCIAL AND ENTERPRISE AFFAIRS COMPETITION COMMITTEE DAF/COMP(2014)14 Unclassified AIRLINE COMPETITION -- Background Paper by the Secretariat -18-19 June 2014 This document was prepared by the OECD Secretariat to serve as a background note for Item IX at the 121st meeting of OECD Competition Committee on 18-19 June 2014. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Organisation or of the governments of its member countries. More documents related to this discussion can be found at http://www.oecd.org/daf/competition/airlinecompetition.htm. English - Or. English JT03358883 Complete document available on OLIS in its original format This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. DAF/COMP(2014)14 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 3 1. Features of the airline industry .............................
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...International Business Environment Name: University: Course Title: Instructor: Date: Executive Summary International business environment changes in the last couple of years have had a significant impact on the sectors of the world economy more so the airline sector, with this in mind the term paper focused on the impact of changes in the international business environment on the airline industry. International business environment is viewed as the most contexts for international business and comprehending how forces in this environment impact the business operations is the difference between business failure and success. To this end, the research established various changes in the business environment that have taken place in political, economic, financial and socio-cultural circles. Political changes especially the Arab spring have had far reaching impact on the airline sector with fall in passenger numbers to these destination as well as the rise in fuel prices negatively impacting the growth of the industry, political instability in other areas as well as laws regulating the airline sector have been on the rise as countries seek to protect local airlines, the economic crisis slowed down the growth of the sector but with the recovery process on track, the airline industry is expected to grow into the foreseeable future, issues such a new taxes for example carbon tax in Europe, the unstable foreign exchange market and inflationary pressures...
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...Wesley Shropshire American Intercontinental University Unit 3 Individual Project MKTG 205 – Principles of Marketing 11/26/2012 Abstract Throughout this paper terms like indirect and direct distribution channel levels will be discussed and defined as well as horizontal, vertical, multichannel, and conventional marketing systems. Then the market needs to market One-A-Day multivitamin will be broken down to help understand what needs to take place to sell this product. In the end the type of channel used and an explanation will follow to show how and why this route was chosen. One-A-Day Multivitamins Introduction Deciding on how to market a product is much harder than one thinks. Normally people think it is easy and all there is to it is to just advertise the product and make sales. There is way more to it than just that and most of which will be discussed throughout this paper. Hopefully after reading this someone can understand more about what it takes to actually market a product and have success in doing so. Overview of Distribution Channels There are two main types of channel levels of distribution and they are direct and indirect. Direct distribution is when products are being sold straight to consumers and eliminate the middle man. (Spencer and Schendel, 1964) One of the great advantages of this is that it cuts out any extra charges that may apply when intermediaries are used. Also, with direct distribution one is able to stay in contact directly with...
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...Air thereby increasing its revenue by approximately 20 million dollars a year, or 30 million during the entirety of the marketing campaign. To achieve this increase in revenue both load factor and market share are going to be increased. The next year is an exciting time for Island Air and presents a great opportunity to implement a marketing plan that will achieve the above revenue growth. Island Air will be receiving brand new highly efficient Bombardier Q-400 planes that will replaced their tired and aging fleet of ATR-72 aircraft. Additionally 2015 will be the 35th anniversary of the airline (2). Both of these events provide synergy for the Ho`olaule`a marketing campaign, which means celebration in Hawaiian. Billboards, market research, twitter and celebratory parties will be utilizing to increase brand recognition and thus revenue for airline. All of this will be achieved with a modest budget of 2.5 million dollar over an 18...
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