...Laborotory Work OSPF MULTI AREA CONFIGURATION In this laboratory work you will learn: * Use OSPF MultiArea protocol ; * Encrypted Ospf protocol; Note: The routers used CCNA labs are Cisco 2911 Cable the network as shown in the topology. Attach the devices as shown in the topology diagram, and cable as necessary. Configure PC hosts. Initialize and reload the routers and switches as necessary. Configure basic settings for each router. Configure routing. Configure OSPF on the routers in area 1 with process ID of 100, in area 0 with process ID of 110, in area 2 with 200. R6(config)#router ospf 100 R6(config-router)#network 8.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 1 R6(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 1 R6(config)#router ospf 100 R6(config-router)#network 8.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 1 R6(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 1 R2(config)#router ospf 110 R6(config-router)#network 8.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 1 R6(config-router)#network 9.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 1 R6(config-router)#network 30.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 R2(config)#router ospf 110 R6(config-router)#network 8.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 1 R6(config-router)#network 9.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 1 R6(config-router)#network 30.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 * On R1 use the following commands #show ip route R1#show ip route Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area ...
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...OSPF for Traffic Routing Robert Collazo Rasmussen College Author Note This research is being submitted on August 30, 2013, for Christine Stagnetto-Zweig’s N235/CET2629 Section 02 Cisco Networking Fundamentals and Routing course. OSPF for Traffic Routing The OSPF dynamic routing protocol is probably the most popular LAN routing protocol today. OSPF can scale to the largest LANs but can also start out small. With OSPF, every router has its own unique "picture" (topology map) of the network. Routers use "HELLO" packets to periodically check with routers to ensure they are still there. Every router in OSPF is identified with a "router ID". The router ID can be manually entered or OSPF will automatically choose the IP address with the highest number. To configure OSPF, Set the bandwidth on your interfaces using the bandwidth command Router (config-if)# bandwidth XX (where XX signifies the bandwidth of the WAN connection). Router (config)# router ospf {process-ID#} Next, instruct the router to advertise the networks that are directly linked to it by entering network statements with the area ID number for that network, Router (config-router)# network {X.X.X.X} {Y.Y.Y.Y} area {z} X.X.X.X = Network ID of Network Y.Y.Y.Y = the wildcard mask for the network (the wildcard mask is the inverse mask of the subnet mask). Z = the area ID number (For small networks, this can always be zero (0) but for larger networks, the area IDs need to be properly planned as all routing updates...
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...OSPF for Traffic Routing Robert Collazo Rasmussen College Author Note This research is being submitted on August 30, 2013, for Christine Stagnetto-Zweig’s N235/CET2629 Section 02 Cisco Networking Fundamentals and Routing course. OSPF for Traffic Routing The OSPF dynamic routing protocol is probably the most popular LAN routing protocol today. OSPF can scale to the largest LANs but can also start out small. With OSPF, every router has its own unique "picture" (topology map) of the network. Routers use "HELLO" packets to periodically check with routers to ensure they are still there. Every router in OSPF is identified with a "router ID". The router ID can be manually entered or OSPF will automatically choose the IP address with the highest number. To configure OSPF, Set the bandwidth on your interfaces using the bandwidth command Router (config-if)# bandwidth XX (where XX signifies the bandwidth of the WAN connection). Router (config)# router ospf {process-ID#} Next, instruct the router to advertise the networks that are directly linked to it by entering network statements with the area ID number for that network, Router (config-router)# network {X.X.X.X} {Y.Y.Y.Y} area {z} X.X.X.X = Network ID of Network Y.Y.Y.Y = the wildcard mask for the network (the wildcard mask is the inverse mask of the subnet mask). Z = the area ID number (For small networks, this can always be zero (0) but for larger networks, the area IDs need to be properly planned as all routing updates...
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...many routing protocols in use today. Each protocol serves a different purpose that it is designed to address. Routing protocols serve 3 main purposes: 1.They learn the identity of other routers on the network to effectively transfer data from point to point. 2.They stockpile the destination possibilities inside their databases, as well as the pathway data. 3.They decide exactly where the send network messages based off the two other functions mentioned above. There are 5 main routing protocols implemented and widely used in todays networking environment: 1. RIP V1 & V2 (Routing Information Protocol)- -RIP contains support for 15 hops. RIP operates by messaging nearby devices asking for the routing tables it needs. -These RIP devices...
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...| Points | Description | Section 1Configuring OSPF Single Area: 40 Points * Task 1: Step 5 * Related Explanation or Response * Task 1: Step 6 * Related Explanation or Response * Task 1: Step 10 * Related Explanation or Response * Task 2: Step 4 * Related Explanation or Response * Summary Paragraph | 2323232320 | Paste the requested screenshot.Provide the requested answer.Paste the requested screenshot.Provide the requested answer.Paste the requested screenshot.Provide the requested answer.Paste the requested screenshot.Provide the requested answer.In your own words, summarize what you have learned about IP subnetting and configuration. | Total | 40 | | ------------------------------------------------- Name: Date: Professor: ------------------------------------------------- Configuring OSPF Single Area vLab (30 points) Write a paragraph (minimum five college-level sentences) below that summarizes what was accomplished in this lab, what you learned by performing it, how it relates to this week’s TCOs and other course material, and (just as important) how you feel it will benefit you in your academic and professional career. (10 points) ------------------------------------------------- Copy and paste the following screenshots from your Configuring OSPF Single Area lab below. Task 1, Step 5: Paste a screenshot showing the route table of the Indianapolis router. (2 points) Question: Based on the information...
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...September 5, 2013, for N235/CET2629 Section 02 Cisco Networking Fundamentals and Routing course. Course Project Assuming that the router (R1) connecting the NOC to the outside world is configured with an IP address of 154.78.0.1 is directly linked to router (R2) with IP address 154.78.0.244 complete the following: Explain the steps required to configure router R1 and R2 to use Frame relay your explanation should include the commands used. Frame relay is fairly simple to configure. Remember that by default, Cisco uses High-level Data Link Control (HDLC) as a serial link encapsulation. This is a proprietary encapsulation and can only be used if you’re connecting two Cisco routers with a point-to-point link. Frame relay allows you to connect multiple vendors’ routers because of the frame relay standards created. The configuration of each router is very simple and looks something like this: R1 Router>enable Router#config t Router(config)#hostname R1 R1(config)# interface serial 0 R1(config-if)#ip address 154.78.0.1 255.255.0.0 R1(config-if)#no shutdown R1(config-if)#exit R1(config)#exit R1# R2 Router>enable Router#config t Router(config)#hostname R2 R2(config)#interface serial 0 R2(config-if)#ip address 154.78.0.244/255.255.0.0 R2(config-if)#no shutdown R2(config-if)#exit R2(config)#exit R2# The two routers can now communicate point to point. If a company had large streams of data that constantly needed to be sent, this would be a good solution...
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...Cisco Networks – EIGRP versus OSPF Compare point | OSPF | EIGRP | standard | Open standard of IETF supported by most vendors. | Cisco owned private routing protocol not been supported by any other vendors; is not as mature as OSPF. | popularity | Most popular IGP in the world | Only a few networks designed by EIGRP,and is getting less and less popular. | algorithm | SPF algorithm fast convergence, loop free. | DUAL algorithm could be in SIA status, query could spread out the whole network. | topology | Can build a hierarchy and scalable network. | Cannot build a hierarchy network with this protocol. | Supportive of new technology | Support OSPF-TE | Does not support TE. | Table content gathered from: (http://www.h3c.com/portal/Products___Solutions/Products/Other_Products/Routers/Quidway_AR18-3X_Series_Routers/White_Paper/200701/194248_57_0.htm) EIGRP FEATURES: * Support for IP, IPX, and AppleTalk via protocol-dependent modules * Considered classless (same as RIPv2 and OSPF) * Support for VLSM/CIDR * Support for summaries and discontiguous networks * Efficient neighbor discovery * Communication via Reliable Transport Protocol (RTP) * Best path selection via Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL) (http://ciscotests.org/ccna.php?part=7) OSPF SPF calculation computational cost table Router | Attached Networks and Costs | R1 | Net 1-Cost 2, Net 3-Cost 5, Net 4-Cost 2 | R2 | Net 1-Cost 1, Net 2-Cost 4, Net 6-Cost 2 | R3 | Net 2-Cost...
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...WHITE PAPER BIDIRECTIONAL FORWARDING DETECTION FOR OSPF Fast Failure Detection to Speed Network Convergence OVERVIEW In both Enterprise and Service Provider networks, the convergence of business-critical applications onto a common IP infrastructure is becoming more common. Given the criticality of the data, these networks are typically constructed with a high degree of redundancy. While such redundancy is desirable, its effectiveness is dependant upon the ability of individual network devices to quickly detect failures and reroute traffic to an alternate path. This detection is now typically accomplished via hardware detection mechanisms. However, the signals from these mechanisms are not always conveyed directly to the upper protocol layers. When the hardware mechanisms do not exist (eg: Ethernet) or when the signaling does not reach the upper protocol layers, the protocols must rely on their much slower strategies to detect failures. The detection times in existing protocols are typically greater than one second, and sometimes much longer. For some applications, this is too long to be useful. Bi-directional Forwarding Detection (BFD) provides rapid failure detection times between forwarding engines, while maintaining low overhead. It also provides a single, standardized method of link/device/protocol failure detection at any protocol layer and over any media. THE PROBLEM WITH CONVERGENCE The process of network convergence can be broken up into a set of discreet events*:...
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...Description | Section 1Configuring OSPF Single Area: 40 Points * Task 1: Step 5 * Related Explanation or Response * Task 1: Step 6 * Related Explanation or Response * Task 1: Step 10 * Related Explanation or Response * Task 2: Step 4 * Related Explanation or Response * Summary Paragraph | 2323232320 | Paste the requested screenshot.Provide the requested answer.Paste the requested screenshot.Provide the requested answer.Paste the requested screenshot.Provide the requested answer.Paste the requested screenshot.Provide the requested answer.In your own words, summarize what you have learned about IP subnetting and configuration. | Total | 40 | | ------------------------------------------------- Name: Barry Bird Date:4/17/14 Professor: Mohammad Kasraian ------------------------------------------------- Configuring OSPF Single Area vLab (30 points) Write a paragraph (minimum five college-level sentences) below that summarizes what was accomplished in this lab, what you learned by performing it, how it relates to this week’s TCOs and other course material, and (just as important) how you feel it will benefit you in your academic and professional career. (10 points) In this Ilab we learned how to Configuring OSPF setting in a router simulated environment. We learned the commands that must be used to properly install these settings. We learned how to create a designated router and a backup router and how to see which ones are...
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...fundamentals of Ethernet concepts, media, and operations are introduced to provide a foundation for the curriculum. By the end of the course, students will be able to build simple LANs, perform basic configurations for routers and switches, and implement IP addressing schemes. Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Topic Exploring the Network Configuring a Network Operating System Network Protocols and Communications Network Access Ethernet Network Layer Transport Layer IP Addressing Subnetting IP Networks Application Layer It’s a Network Students who complete Introduction to Networks will be able to perform the following functions: Understand and describe the devices and services used to support communications in data networks and the Internet Understand and describe the role of protocol layers in data networks Understand and describe the importance of addressing and naming schemes at various layers of data networks in IPv4 and IPv6 environments Design, calculate, and apply subnet masks and addresses to fulfill given requirements in IPv4 and IPv6 networks Explain fundamental Ethernet concepts such as media, services, and operations Build a simple Ethernet network using routers and switches Use Cisco command-line interface (CLI) commands to perform basic router and switch configurations Utilize common network utilities to verify small network operations and...
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...EIGRP vs OSPF EIGRP or OSPF, one is not necessarily better, but rather just different. Both are tools you can use to solve a problem they’re well suited to solve. Unfortunately, nothing on either protocol goes into too much detail on why we would use one or the other. EIGRP is known widely as a proprietary protocol. So is it just a matter of using EIGRP with Cisco equipment and OSPF without? OSPF is pretty cool because it allows us to decide the path through the network by being aware of all links in a given logical topology. OSPF gives us a bit more control, seeing as each router knows about every other link in an OSPF area, allowing us to get really granular path selection. OSPF does require more resources on the device than most other protocols, such as the relatively light DUAL algorithm that sits behind EIGRP. So use OSPF when you have beefy equipment and EIGRP when you don’t. From what I’ve read Cisco will be allowing EIGRP to be used on non-Cisco equipment. That will make it more available to use. So now EIGRP may be kind of open and newer equipment is less affected by the power of OSPF. So back and forth we go. One thing where OSPF holds an advantage is the ability to see your route. With EIGRP it’s considered routing by rumor. EIGRP is able to summarize on any interface running EIGRP, and OSPF is only able to do this at Area Border Routers, or routers at that join multiple areas together. There are a couple ways of looking at this, but I’d like to make one very clear...
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...Unit 3 Labs Lab 9: Setting Router Passwords Step 4. Configure the router to require a password of ciscopress when connecting through the console. To do so, start by issuing the line con 0 configuration command, which moves you to console line configuration mode. What does the command prompt look like after using this command? The command line now says: Router(config-line)# Step 11. Press Enter. Does the router prompt you for a password? Does the password ciscopress work? Yes and yes Step 12. Use the enable command to move from user mode to enable mode. Which of the two passwords (fred or barney) works? Which configuration command did you use to con- figure that password? Barney was the password that worked, and enable secret barney Lab 10: Configuring Router IP Settings Step 4. Use the show ip interface brief command to view all interfaces. Which interfaces have an IP address configured? What are the addresses and the corresponding masks? None of the interfaces have an IP address configured Step 10. Use the show ip interface brief command to view all interfaces. Is the router’s Fa0/0 IP address now listed? What is the IP address? Yes the IP address is now listed. The IP address is 10.1.1.4 Step 11. Confirm that R1’s Fa0/0 interface is working by pinging PC1 (10.1.1.1). Did the command output imply that R1 can send packets to and from PC1? Yes it implies that R1 can send packets Lab 22: Terminal History Step 5. Press Up Arrow again to bring up...
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...EIGRP OSPF Advanced Distance Vector Link State Dual algorithm SPF/Dijkastra Routes IP, IPX, Decnet, Appletalk Routes IP Metrics: Bandwidth, Delay, Reliability, Load, MTU Size Metric: Composite Cost of each router to Destination (100,000,000/interface speed) Hop Count: 255 Hop Count: None (Limited by Network) Variable Length Subnet Masks Variable Length Subnet Masks Summarization on Network Class Address or Subnet Boundary Summarization on Network Class Address or Subnet Boundary LSA Multicast Address: 224.0.0.10 LSA Multicast Address: 224.0.0.5 and 224.0.0.6 (DR/BDR) Don't Filter! Historical Significance EIGRP: • Developed by cisco in the 90’s to improve IGRP, which had a lot of room for improvement and it also is more simpler to configure (per Cisco) Historical Significance OSPF SPF: • Shortest path (least cost), making sure that routing loops don’t occur Significance of Interoperability: • It is a huge deal in today’s time as much data gets exchanged, and considering OSPF it supports new technology while EIGRP doesn’t. Sources: http://www.networkworld.com/article/2347622/cisco-subnet/eigrp-vs-ospf.html...
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...steps for implementing device passwords on both console port (out-of-band communications) and VTY (Telnet/in-band communications). All passwords should be encrypted. Required Implementation: Configure all devices hostnames as per the xACME topology Configure encrypted passwords (console and Telnet ports) on all devices Configure MOTD and Login banner for one of the switches Create Server VLANS, Faculty VLANS, Instructional VLANS and Administrative VLANs on all switches Assign ports to VLANs on all switches Assign mode of access of VLANS Configure trunks between switches Make Switch1 as primary root bridge for all VLANs Configure security to protect from bogus BPDUs Configure Hostname: 1. Enable 2. Router# configure terminal 3. Router(config)#hostname (SpringfieldSw1, SpringfieldSw2, SpringfieldSw3, SpringfieldSw4) 4. End 5. Copy run start Creating Passwords: 1. Conf t 2. Enable password Cisco (or some other password) 3. Enable secret Cisco (or some other password) 4. End 5. Copy run start Create Console Password: 1. Conf t 2. Line con 0 3. Password “cisco” 4. Login 5. End 6. Copy run start Create Telnet Password: 1. Conf t 2. Line vty 0 4 3. Password “cisco” 4. Login 5. End 6. Copy run start...
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...External Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) | 20 | Internal EIGRP | 90 | IGRP | 100 | OSPF | 110 | Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System (IS-IS) | 115 | Routing Information Protocol (RIP) | 120 | Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) | 140 | On Demand Routing (ODR) | 160 | External EIGRP | 170 | Internal BGP | 200 | Unknown* | 255 | Juniper (taken from Juniper website) How Route Is Learned | Default Preference | Statement to Modify Default Preference | Directly connected network | 0 | — | System routes | 4 | — | Static | 5 | static | MPLS | 7 | MPLS preference in the JUNOS MPLS Applications Configuration Guide | LDF | 8 | LDF preference in the JUNOS MPLS Applications Configuration Guide | LDP | 9 | LDP preference in the JUNOS MPLS Applications Configuration Guide | OSPF internal route | 10 | OSPF export | IS-IS Level 1 internal route | 15 | IS-IS external-preference, preference | IS-IS Level 2 internal route | 18 | IS-IS external-preference, preference | Default | 20 | — | Redirects | 30 | — | Kernel | 40 | — | SNMP | 50 | — | Router Discovery | 55 | — | RIP | 100 | RIP preference | RIPng | 100 | RIPng preference | PIM | 105 | JUNOS Multicast Protocols Configuration Guide | DVMRP | 110 | JUNOS Multicast Protocols Configuration Guide | Routes to interfaces that are down | 120 | — | Aggregate | 130 | aggregate | OSPF AS external routes | 150 | OSPF...
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