...as much of it as possible. Local, state, and federal agencies were created to protect and serve. Part of the process to assist in assigning authority is assigning jurisdiction; mapped out regions for the many precincts. Before the evolution of law enforcement in the 12th Century, an organized posse came to the rescue of victims. According to Schmalleger (2009), “all able-bodied men who could hear a victim’s cry for help were obligated to join the posse in a common effort to apprehend the offender.” A posse was a real-life version of neighborhood watch. In the 12th Century it was determined that offenders weren’t handled as well as those in charge want them to be so a more pure form of law enforcement was created and put into action. Laws, statutes, mandates, and many other guidelines and rules were put forth to follow and uphold. And it was made clear by the sheriff that punishment would befall anyone who disrespects them without good reason. To continue a personal level of protection needed as the population grew, local agencies were formed. In the 18th and 19th Century, Mayors were merely figureheads; the wards and neighborhoods held the true power of the land. Political leaders chose a certain precinct’s police officers. According to Uchida (2004), “each police officer had to establish his own authority among the citizens he patrolled. The personal, informal police officer could win the respect of the citizenry by knowing local standards and expectations...
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...Law Enforcement Today Steven Camp CJS/200 Apr 26, 2015 Keith MC Ininch Law Enforcement Today Policing today’s American society has become more than just capturing the criminals. The daily tasks of law enforcement on local, state, and federal levels are challenging for these agencies. Law enforcement today must cope with issues, maintain and improve interaction amongst the upper and lower levels of the agencies, and look for ways to improve upon those relationships, all in an effort to protect and serve. Law enforcement agencies, more particular, the officers who work in those agencies, are constantly faced with issues of trust and integrity (Schmalleger, 2001). The dangers associated with being a law enforcement agent are inherent to the job itself. Officers are subject to violence of the offenders, health hazards at crime scenes, and the dangers of vehicular traffic among other dangers. Schmalleger presents that 134 law enforcement officers were killed in the line of duty in 2008 (pp. 276). Issues of racial and biased profiling also present problems for law enforcement. It is important for officers to maintain a balance of justice and to treat all citizens equally. This becomes an issue many times when the crime occurs and the victim of said crime was a member of a minority group. If the victim were black in a predominantly white community, the police may find themselves looked at as not doing all they can to find the criminal. On the other side of that, if the criminal...
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...on reducing criminal activity in society by increasing the powers of law enforcement personnel and the prosecutors. The consensus and due process model places emphasis on the individual’s rights and liberty and is concerned about the overwhelming power of the government over the individual. The role each plays is the same, which means each model is funded by the government. The crime control model is in complete agreement with programs that are funded to prosecute with an iron hand. The due process model supporters want less government involvement and more humane treatment. The United States is at great risk in the war against terror. The American homeland is not secure even though there have been several new laws passed such as the Patriot Act, the Visa Reform Act, enhanced border security, and reorganization of several federal government agencies into the Department of Homeland Security. The United States Department of Justice has asked that state and local law enforcement help secure the American homeland. The federal government has groups involved in maintaining border security, other officers working on immigration enforcement, but many feel as though the government has taken a “hear no evil, see no evil and speak no evil” approach to illegal immigration. Police at the state and local levels often are puzzled about how much authority they have in regard to immigration laws. Local law enforcement officers of have very little timely information about aliens with whom...
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...prestige way of life. Policing is a subculture within society that is held to a higher standard due to a job that requires one make decisions in reference to taking away free individuals constitutional rights. Within the cultures of the policing society there are rules, policies, and regulations that have to be followed in order to ensure the citizens are being treated fairly but also making sure the law is being enforced correctly and without “Color of Law” violations. Issues such as use of force, utilizing weapons in certain manners at certain times, using technology and resources to best of the abilities of the department and officers within them, and other issues in policing, especially dealing with homeland security. A lot of issues encompass the policing community. Policing or law enforcement is a dangerous way of life. An officer faces the unknown at all times and the results of the wrong technique performed or practiced could result in a disastrous outcome. No matter what the dangers an officer faces there are more and more citizens becoming police officers daily. “Amazingly, though, despite the dangers of the job and the mounting challenges they must face, more than 800,000 sworn law-enforcement officers across our nation put their lives at risk each and every day to keep America safe.” (Floyd, 2007) When an officer approaches a car on a traffic stop, a residence on a domestic violence situation, or what is supposed to be considered checking a “Routine”...
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...The History of Police Andrea Cole CJA/214 June 30.2104 Kimberly Rieson The History of Police Industrialization and the large population in urban areas in the 17th and 18th century made it hard to maintain law and order in England and some major cities in America. Policing during that time consisted of volunteers from the community, also the night watchman and constables were employed but only on a part-time basis. These men had little to no training, used excessive physical force and intimidation to gain control. Sir Robert Peel (known as the “Father of Modern Policing”) was Prime Minister twice and as Home Secretary created the Metropolitan Police Act 1829. The Metropolitan Police Act was passed by British Parliament in 1829, and the police were born. ) ” As a form of ethical and operational guidance, Peel laid down nine principals intended to guide police in terms of their mandate, interaction with citizens, use of force and their overall criminal justice system” (Zacharias, 2009,para. 4). The terms "bobbies and "peelers" come from his name. Sir Robert Peel brought professionalism and accountability to the police by using the following methods also known as the Peelian Principles. The principles traditionally ascribed to Peel state that: every police officer should be issued identification number, to assure accountability for his actions. Whether the police are capable is not measured on the number of arrests, but on the lack of crime. Above all else, a competent...
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...people safe from drugs, homicide, armed robbery, rape, and many other crimes. There are various acts of violence that take place in America but police are practicing safety precautions to keep our streets safe. In this paper, will be addressing the various types of police agencies at local, state, and federal levels. It will also address the roles and functions of police operations and their role as it applies to the law. Finally, I will identify the major organizational theories associated with policing. There are just under 18,000 law enforcement agencies in the United States. This includes 12,656 local police, 3,061 sheriff’s departments, 49 state police agencies, 1,376 special police agencies, and 45 federal agencies. At the local level, they have municipal police, county police, and county sheriffs. Also there are the constables, coroners, special district police, and the tribal police. Local Police Agencies Municipal police: Municipal or city police are the most important component of American law enforcement. In 2000 they represented 71% of law enforcement agencies and employed 62% of all sworn officers. Municipal police play a more complex role than any other type of law enforcement agency. The external environment heavily influences all agencies. Cities, and big cities in particular, represent the most complex environments, particularly in terms of the diversity of the population. City police departments have the heaviest responsibility for dealing with serious...
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...there are certain responsibilities and strategies that they must first understand and learn to do in order to be a well- rounded police organization and or officer. Police responsibilities include; Enforce the Law, to enforce the laws effectively, officers must know the law and understand the community's priorities about what rules are most relevant. Arrest Offenders, upon identifying individuals who are breaking the law, officers must apprehend them, in the safest manner possible. Prevent Crime, by anticipating crime risk and reducing crime opportunities, agent reduces actual crime and improve public trust and safety. Preserve the peace, all enforcement activities promote the peace of a community, as does the simple visual presence of an officer. Provide service, Officers assist citizens who are lost, with auto breakdowns, and in medical emergencies, as well as in times of victimization. Operational strategies are also fundamental to policing. Operational strategies range from; Preventive Patrol, maintaining a visible officer presence in the community deter criminals, allows for timely, response to calls, and makes citizens feel safer. Routine incident report, this important service help officers obtain information, interrupt criminal activity, and provide a sense of security to citizens. Emergency Response, critical situations such as medical emergencies, crimes in progress, and natural disasters take priority over the police work. Criminal Investigation, first responders secure...
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...filled with law enforcement officers who have sworn to serve and protect society as well to fight crimes. Within the United States we can see that there are three types of policing. The three types of policing is the Local, State, and Federal policing. Every organization possesses its own core values and goals. This paper will intend to provide an assessment of the relationship between traditional organizational structures of each policing agency. We will also address the communication patterns both within and outside the policing agency. Lastly, this paper will identify any existing issues with the partnership between law enforcement and the community and recommend any necessary change changes to improve these partnerships. Local Law Enforcement When we talk about policing agencies it is important to know that the first organized police department was established in 1829 in London. The founder of the first police force was sir Robert Peel. Sir Robert Peel started the Metropolitan police of London. Moving forward local law enforcement agencies are the local police and sheriff department. For example in Los Angeles County, we have Los Angeles County Sheriff and the LAPD. However some nearby city have their police department. Good examples of this are the cities like Glendale and Burbank that have their own police department. In this case “the LAPD, Burbank, Glendale police and county sheriff are considered Local Law Enforcement agencies” (BJS, 2013). Municipal law enforcement...
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...which affects the security of the community. It requires careful and proper organization in order to be successful. In many countries, policing is given significant attention whereby huge sums of money are spent on policing projects (Dempsey and Forts 13). This aims at ensuring that the security of the citizens as well as of visitors is guaranteed. After the 9/11 attacks, the level of policing had to move to the next level because, airports and planes were exposed as vulnerable means. In the United States, policing is done at different levels. The federal government through different local policing agencies does the coordination of all the activities. One of the major features in local authorities policing is the use of the police department located in different states of the country and cities for that matter. The Los Angeles World Airports (LAWA) Police Department is one of such departments spread all over the country. The department, also known as the LAX Police Department has a rich history, which is evident from its long existence. This paper presents a research about the Los Angeles World Airports (LAWA) Police Department from an argumentative perspective. Different matters emanating from how the department operates in Los Angeles are discussed based on how a good policing entity operates when serving the public. The major responsibilities of the police are investigation of crime, patrolling, encouraging community participation in policing, and maintaining law and order (Tambe...
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...the job hey are doing. My brother has spent 3 years in the Middle East, and my sister stayed for 2 years. They both came back to the mainland of America, and are now working on base as a supply sergeant and a recruitment officer. Police officers are more likely now to join the army because of the salary they receive as well as the benefits they will get. They can become an active duty soldier, a military police officer, or any other job of their choice, as long as it’s available, and they gain the right requirements. Homeland security, collects the data’s that has been collected by the police departments so that they can help register the names of those who immigrated, are of certain races, and ethnicities. If they have received data , that contains a high rate of immigrants being caught by police, they can then analyze that information’s, and increase their strength in that particular region. There have been a huge rate of immigrants who evade homeland security, and they get themselves into America. They would...
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...mitigate some of the restrictions previously imposed. But the plight of our National Guard readiness has been called into question more often than once, especially in light of the upsurge in federal deployments overseas in active combat roles. Our National Guard are not prepared, although they may be ready and willing. The Defense Support to Civil Authorities doctrine of the Department of Defense must be expanded and that includes re-looking at the Posse Comitatus Act of 1878. Introduction Urban Myth: The Posse Comitatus Act Whoever, except in cases and under circumstances expressly authorized by the Constitution or Act of Congress, willfully uses any part of the Army or Air Force as a posse comitatus or otherwise to execute the laws shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more that two years, or both. - Title 18, U.S. Code, Section 1385...
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... 2. Case Studies a. The National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program (NEHRP): Legislation to Address a Particular Hazard b. The Homeland Security Act of 2002: A New Emergency Management c. The Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000: A Shift to Pre-Disaster Mitigation 3. Additional Sources of Information 4. Glossary of Terms 5. Acronyms 6. Discussion Questions a. General b. NEHRP c. Homeland Security Act of 2002 d. DMA 2000 7. Suggested Out of Class Exercises Introduction No emergency management system anywhere in the world can properly function without statutory authority and consistent budget appropriations. Statutory authority defines disasters programs, determines who is eligible for these programs, provides the legal support needed to implement disaster programs and establishes the legal foundation for funding the programs and activities of the disaster agency. Without such authority, a government agency is powerless. Legal Basis of Modern Emergency Management in the United States The first recorded emergency management legislation in the United States occurred in 1803 when a Congressional Act was passed to provide financial assistance to a New Hampshire town devastated by fire. This is the first example of the Federal government becoming involved in a local disaster. During the 1930’s the Reconstruction Finance Corporation and the Bureau of Public Roads were both given authority to make disaster...
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...replaced by litigation As we are both aware, the human resources department in every organization is accountable for guaranteeing that the organization adheres to all legal, safety, and regulatory requirements when dealing with both the employees of the organization as well as with the patrons that the organization serves. Throughout the human resource processes a central concern is the assessment of employment laws and the consequence of their use. It has come to the attention of the human resource department that common sense and compassion have been replaced by litigation in the workplace. Although conflict is by no means a new phenomenon, the elements of workplace conflict are becoming more convoluted as the years go by. Changes in employment laws mingled with how we live and the unpredictability of today’s economy have coalesced into convoluted answers to what used to be basic questions (Gilbert, n.d.). The result is a growing sense of unease among employees and an accompanying need to claim one's legal rights when conflicts arise. Misconceptions about employment laws, and employee rights often fuel this fire. Not to mention today’s society’s augmented recognition and approval of lawsuits as a probable and lucrative alternative to negative workplace situations (Gilbert, n.d.). It is therefore imperative now more than ever, that human resource managers (HRM) be well versed in what constitutes a claim and ensure that they are avoided. This memorandum will briefly describe...
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...The NSA is responsible for keeping the United States safe and have the capabilities of doing operations on United States soil where as the CIA is responsible for foreign operations not aloud to do any kind of intelligence operations on United States soil. The Department of Homeland Security has done a good job developing the fusion centers but I think the big issue is a different mission set even though it is all about terrorism. Agencies still see it as homegrown and abroad terrorist cells and want to be the ones to get the bad guy so they do not tell the other agency. So long story short everyone wants to be the agency to bring in the big target. No matter the difference between abroad or homegrown there should be a connection there when it comes to terrorist threats to the United States of...
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...many changes to the way it handles everyday functions. The acts of September 11, know as 9\11 made the government look at things differently. When the two hijacked planes crashed into the twin towers located in the middle of New York City the government woke up from its sleep that day. The security in the U.S. did a complete turnaround and the USA Patriot Act was born. U.S. Government after 9\11 Since the attack on American soil the government issued the USA Patriot Act. This was created to deter and punish terrorist acts in and around the United States. It was also designed to enhanced law enforcement and the way it handles investigations. The USA Patriot Act gives the government more power in controlling attackers. It gives more awareness to those in charge in protecting the government and its people. USA Patriot Act: The act was made to unite and strengthening America by providing appropriate tools required to intercept and obstruct terrorism. This was the main reason the act was created on October 26, 2001. The act allows the government to monitor money laundering, financial crimes, and finances of terrorists groups. It allows the government to monitor banks across the United States. Laws have been created to monitor bank officials inputting data into the system that will alert the government of it’s actively. Anything that looks suspicious the government can react in an appropriate matter. The government now had the power to freeze terrorist assets, and with the USA Patriot...
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