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SMA Observation

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An fMRI study showed that supplementary motor area (SMA) was activated during both in- and anti-phase pattern (in-phase: homologous muscles activated at the same time, anti-phase: homologous muscles alternating) but also magnitude of SMA activation was greater during antiphase coordination relative to in-phase coordination(Debaere et al., 2001). These patterns are inherently stable patterns however patients have brain lesion lose ability for control of basic bimanual coordination. Recent clinical trials have demonstrated that motor cortex stimulation with noninvasive techniques such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) enhances motor function in stroke patients (Schlaug, Renga, & Nair, 2008). These studies showed that positive …show more content…
Our objective is to investigate the behavioral consequences of modulating motor cortex excitability via transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to examine further its functional influence on stability during bimanual coordination movement. Overall, the observations from neuroimaging and neurostimulation studies have indicated the SMA plays a significant role in the temporal regulation of bimanual actions, particularly in the less stable anti phase pattern. Our central hypothesis is that increasing SMA excitability with anodal tDCS will increase the accuracy and stability of unstable bimanual coordination patterns. Our rationale underlying this research is that once it is know if increased SMA activation can lead to improvement in accuracy and stability of unstable pattern, training associated with techniques of modulation of brain activity can be used to increase the benefits of brain stimulation. We propose two independent specific aims to objectively test our central hypotheses.
Specific Aim 1: to examine the brain excitability modulation technique has functional influence on pattern stability during bimanual coordination. We have shown that unstable anti-phase pattern lose their stability at certain movement frequency, and lead to switch to in-phase pattern that more stable. We will test our working hypothesis that SMA excitability with anodal tDCS will decrease the vulnerability of antiphase movements to spontaneous phase transition as oscillation frequency

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