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Sadad

In: Business and Management

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Procesul planificării crizelor.
Partea 1
Claudiu Degeratu

Introducere
• Planificarea – defintie
A basic management function involving formulation of one or more detailed plans to achieve optimum balance of needs or demands with the available resources. The planning process (1) identifies the goals or objectives to be achieved, (2) formulates strategies to achieve them, (3) arranges or creates the means required, and (4) implements, directs, and monitors all steps in their proper sequence.
Business Dictionary

• Planificarea pentru situatii de criza
Contingency planning aims to prepare an organization to respond well to an emergency and its potential humanitarian impact.
Developing a contingency plan involves making decisions in advance about the management of human and financial resources, coordination and communications procedures, and being aware of a range of technical and logistical responses. Such planning is a management tool, involving all sectors, which can help ensure timely and effective provision of humanitarian aid to those most in need when a disaster occurs.
Crucea Rosie & Semiluna Internaționala

Principii de planificare
1. Planificarea comprehensivă focalizată pe comunitate • Profilul comunitatii este decisiv – dimensiunea demografica determina: evacuarea, adapostirea, reunificarea familiilor.
• Eg: numarul de masini din comunitate determina tipul de evacuare.

Principii de planificare
2. Planificarea trebuie să includă participarea tuturor partilor interesate
- Echipa de planficare trebuie sa fie una diversa si care include: reprezentati ai statului in teritoriu, reprezentanti au puterii locale , reprezentati ai sectorului privast, asociatii si organizatii ale societatii civile, etc.

Principii de planificare
3. Planificarea trebuie sa se bazeze pe un proces logic si analitic de rezolvarea a unor probleme cu obiectivul de a gestiona complexitatea si incertitutinea unor crize, dezastre sau amenintari. - Culegerea/colectarea informatiilor
- Analiza informatiilor
- Determinarea unor obiective operationale
- Dezvoltarea unor solutii si sau alternative de atingerea unor obiective operationale

Principii de planificare
4. Planificarea trebuie sa ia in calcul toate amenintarile, evenimentele neprevazute, dezastre, etc.
- Cauzele urgentelor pot varia, dar efectele in mare sunt aceleasi.
- Concluzia: planificarea trebuie sa fie comună pentru mai multe functiuni la nivel operational si sa nu se dezvolte planuri unice pentru fiecare tip de urgenta.
- Avantaje: asa sunt identificate misiunile comune și oamenii responsabili.

Principii de planificare
5. Planificarea trebuie sa fie destul de flexibila pentru a raspunde unor cazuri raspandite dar si a unora de natura catastrofica/ unice.
- Solutiile graduale de planificare presupun testari pentru diferite scenarii

Principii de planificare
6. Planurile trebuie sa defineasca foarte clar misiunea și obiectivele asociate acesteia, cu rezultatele dorite/urmarite
- Scopul: unitatea eforturilor și asumarea integrala de catre indivizii/grupurile responsabile cu executia.
- Toate elementele planurilor trebuiesc analizate prin prisma contributiei lor la indeplinirea acelei misiuni

Principii de planificare
7. Planificarea trebuie sa identifice mediul de actiune anticipat.
- Anticiparea mediului de actiunea ofera avantajul identificarii timpurii a perspectivei si consensului asupra unor ipoteze de lucru.
- Evaluarea periodica a mediului de actiune anticipat in planuri este necesara si se poate realiza prin sistemul de lectii invatate.

Principii de planificare
8. Planificare nu trebuie sa porneasca de la zero
- Anliza planurilor existente și participarea la elaborarea altor planuri: Elemente de urmarit:
- Identificarea actorilor si autoritatilor
- Contactul cu perceptia riscurilor la nivelul comuntatii
- Identificarea unor cadre sau acorduri de cooperare din trecut - Identificarea planurilor de urgenta din sectorul privat care pot fi complementare cu cel de stat
- Familiarizarea cu modalitatile de rezolvare din trecut
- Identificarea unor lipsuri din procesul de planificare

Principii de planificare
9. Planificarea trebuie sa stabileasca obiectivele, resursele alocate fiecarui obiectiv și responsabilitatile.
Obs. Stabilirea obiectivelor presupune stabilirea prioritatilor Principii de planificare
10. Planificarea trebuie sa includa responsabili cu functii de conducere pe durata intregului proces.
- Se asigura intelegerea si aprobarea din partea celor care decid.
Contributia decidentilor la planificare:
- Clarificarea calendarului
- Orizontul de planificare
- Simplitatea si nivelul de detaliu

Principii de planificare
11. Timpul, incertitudinea, riscul si experienta influenteaza planificarea
- Acesti factori definesc punctul de plecare al planificatorilor in folosirea unor concepte, metode pentru identificarea unor solutii la probleme specifice.
- Planificarea, intre arta si stiinta
- Rolul crucial al experientei

Principii de planificare
12. O planificare eficienta reuseste sa comunice celor cu misiuni operationale CE și mai DE CE sa urmareasca atingerea unor obiective.
- Se asigura o diviziune a rolurilor intre cei cu rol principal in misiuni si obiective si cei cu rol de sprijin, secundar.

Principii de planificare
12. Planificarea este un proces de management al riscului
- Planificarea este un instrument in gestionarea riscurilor prin care se urmareste reducerea lor in viitor

Principii de planificare
13. Planificarea este o etapa cheie a procesului de pregătire.

Niveluri de planificare

Niveluri de planificare
• Planurile strategice descriu modul in care autoritatile responsabile inteleg sa gestioneze managementul crizelor pe termen lung. Aceste planuri sunt generate la nivel politic sub directa indrumare a decidentilor oficiali si stabilesc prioritatile in planificare.
• Planurile operationale contin o descriere a rolurilor, a responsabilitatilor, a misiunilor, a obiectivelor si a elementelor de integrare alocate fiecarui actor in situatii de criza și urgenta.
• Planurile tactice au in vedere gestionarea personalului, echipamentelor și resurselor care joaca un rol direct in raspunsul la o criza.

The End

Adventure is just bad planning.
Roald Amundsen

I ain't Martin Luther King. I don't need a dream. I have a plan.
Spike Lee

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