...During the 15th century there were three Islamic Empires who used their tactful skills to build and spread their territories all throughout the Middle East and India. These empires which included the Ottoman Empire, the Mughal Empire, and the Safavid Empire were both similar and different in their own ways, but the two empires that are going to be compared and contrasted in this essay are the Ottoman and Safavid Empires. More specifically their religious systems will be compared and contrasted throughout the essay. Within the Ottoman and Safavid Empires it would seem as if the two had nothing in common regarding religion, but upon further research it seems as if they had more in comparison than one would think. Yes, they were practiced different types of Islam, and one empire was more tolerant to other religions, but religion was intertwined into each of their government systems and those who...
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...Contrast - Ottomans and Safavids During the Renaissance, many Asian empires also rose, becoming powerful threats to one another. An empire that can be said as one of the most powerful empire during the time is the Islamic-Based Ottoman Empire. Another Muslim empire that also built an empire around the same time is the Safavid Empire. Although both empires are Islamic-based empires, they still have many differences among them. Their section of religion, social structure, as well as economy has many similarities, as well as differences between the two empires. First of all, religiously the Ottomans and Safavids follow the same religion, though through different section of it. The Ottomans are Sunni Muslims, where they were more open minded, compared to the Safavid Shiite (Shia) Muslims. Ottoman Empire’s location was close to Constantinople, so there were lots of Christians around. As their empire slowly expanded, Christians slowly emerged into their empire. The Ottomans soon captured young Christian boys and converted them into Islam, making them to fight for the Ottoman Empire. These young Christians who became Muslims and were trained to fight as soldiers are called the Janissaries. Also, the Ottoman’s government started their military with the goal of conquering more places, protecting themselves from nearby threats such as people from Constantinople. After the Ottomans took over Constantinople and some other European countries, the empire is now full with Christians...
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...The Muslim Empires included three main powers: The Ottoman Empire, the Safavid Empire, and the Mughal Empire. The Mughal Empire was founded by Emperor Babur in the 16th century. The greatest expansion occurred after the death of Akbar, during the rule of Aurangzeb towards the end of the 17th century. The downfall came in the 18th century when the empire fell apart, feeling pressure from outsiders and rebellion from inside as well. All three dynasties had things in common. These included Muslim affiliation (though there were two different types). The Ottomans was the largest. The Ottomans rose to power at the end of the 13th century and controlled most of the area around the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea the Ottomans took control of the most important trade route into Asia. They also expansed outward into western Asia and Northern Africa. The empire was so strong due to the gun powder technology. However, they could not expand into Europe. The Safavids were founded by Shah Ismail in the 16th century. They were affiliated with the Shi’ite Muslims, unlike the other two dynasties. They succeeded in taking over much of modern day Iran and Iraq. The Safavid’s were the smallest and strictest in their orthodoxy. Their strict religious values partially led to their downfall towards the end of the 18th century. The major differences that existed among these states were that women had more freedom in Ottoman and Mughal than in Safavid Empire; and religious minorities were...
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...Forms of Control Ottoman Empire * Absolute monarchy, where the government has complete power over his or her people. * Wields unrestricted political power over the sovereign state and its people, * Exercises total power over the land, yet in practice the monarchy is counterbalanced by political groups from among the social classes and castes of the realm, such as the aristocracy, clergy, and middle and lower classes. * Sultans ruled the Ottoman Empire as absolute monarchs; day to day running of the empire was in the hands of the Grand Vizier, the Sultans chief minister. * Had a bureaucracy staffed by Adjemi -Oglans, part of the Janissary corps. * In the provinces, local governors appointed by the Sultan or Grand Vizier were in control. As long as the tribute and taxes kept flowing back to the central government and the governors supplied military contingents for campaigns, these governors were left more or less to their own devices. Safarid Empire * Theocratic Monarchy, a government in which the ruling monarch is also the reigning deity, or a god whom the people worship or venerate * Empire was founded by the Safavids, a Sufi order that goes back to Safi al-Din, Safi al-Din converted to Shi'ism and was a Persian nationalist * The Safavid Empire was strengthened by important Shi'a soldiers from the Ottoman army who had fled from persecution * When the Safavids came to power, Shah Ismail was proclaimed ruler at the age of 14 or 15...
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...taxation, and intellectual creativity allowed fundamental luxury to circulate. I. The Ottoman Empire, to 1750 * After the Mongols, the Muslim Ottomans’ centralized governmental system proved to be somewhat ineffective for long-term control. A. Expansion and Frontiers * Osman, Gallipoli (connection b/t Euro & Asia), and army (Christian prisoners, gunpowder, cavalry) laid foundation for empire; initially focused on Chris. enemies, siege to Constantinople (Mehmed), Red Sea as well; Suleiman the Magnificent attacked Chris Europe, significant because he paved the way for conversions, some more brutal than others * Wanted to control Mediterranean tributary payments after conquer but allowed trading with acknowledgment; Portuguese threats remained unconsidered, as Ottomans cared little for merchant vessels attempting to usurp authority: important because lack of protection signified inevitable vulnerability in the Ottoman future. B. Central Institutions * Christian prisoners slaves/ Janissary from selection/ devshirme: children, language, promising received education, Islam/liberal/military arts produced scholars; cosmopolitan through Osmanli, grammar, vocab used by askeri/ mili. class (also included Jews), important because land grants and tokens of appreciation such as fundamental education were provided to militia * Safavids and Balkans lost often to Ottoman, however cavalrymen retained positions of power, enforcing taxation...
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...Roller Coasters. Large metal contraptions that whip people around at high speeds, causing adrenaline and nauseous to fill the body. Riding one is full of a range ups and downs. Similar things can be said about the rise of the gunpowder empires of the Ottomans, Mughals, and Safavids. Powerful armies and governments had a hold on many important trade routes and goods. This allowed them to remain in main sources of power. Their expansions experienced many obstacles in their attempts to grows into a major force. These Muslim empires all owe their relative success and failures to some of the same reasons: power vacuums, strong leaders, and religious intolerance. The Ottoman Empire was able to fill a power vacuum that was left after the Mongols were defeated. Anatolia and Southeast Asia were left without a dominating power, and the Ottomans used that to easily conquer most of the area. Through the use of their strong military of trained Janissaries, most of the area fell into the jurisdiction. There is a correlation between what the Ottomans and Mughals accomplished. With a lack of a strong ruler in India, the Mughals were...
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...three major Islamic Empires called the Ottoman, Safavid and Mughul. These Empires were alike in many ways, being Muslim. The Ottomans and Mughul’s viewed Iranians as cultural superiors. The Ottoman were inter-communal meaning they desired to have harmony between religious groups. This great empire is known as having one of the longest reigns, not breaking for 36 generations, was ruled by Suleyman the Magnificent. He was a fierce leader known for his brutality but effective ways. The form of government he used was abolished in 1923 and replaced by a republican form of government in Turkey. Suleyman was called “Kanuni” meaning lawful. The government was well staffed and organized. Everything was clear as to what was expected, leaving no confusion. The Ottoman’s were not liked by the rest of the world because of their unlimited resources making them a superpower. Anything was within their reach to help them grow into a strong successful empire. Suleyman oversaw huge structures to be built in the capital city. This helped to employ many. However most of his focus was towards conquests and military campaigns during his time as ruler. The most significant culturally and religiously influencing empire was the Safavid. From 1290 to 1918 most of the population ruled consisted of Persian, also eventually influencing the language used as well. Instead of focusing on the Military, like the Ottoman ruler Suleyman, Abbas was more interested in building a strong empire and growth. He devoted...
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...History 205- The Modern World Professor Gwen Alexis Islamic Empires Timeline The Ottoman Empire: 1289: “Osman” Osman Bey, founder of the dynasty that continued in unbroken succession from 1289 until the dissolution of the empire in 1923. Osman was chief of a band of seminomadic Turks who migrated to northwestern Anatolia in the thirteenth century. Osman and his followers sought above all to become ghazi, Muslim religious warriors who fought on behalf of the faith. 1326: “Ottoman Expansion” The Ottomans’ location on the borders of the Byzantine Empire afforded them ample opportunity to wage holy war. Their first great success came in 1326 with the capture of the Anatolian city of Bursa, which became the capital of the Ottoman principality. 1352: They established a foothold in Europe when they seized the fortress of Gallipoli. The city of Edirne (Adrianople) became a second Ottoman capital and served as a base for further expansion into the Balkans. As warriors settled in frontier districts and pushed their boundaries forward, they took spoils and gathered revenues that enriched both the ghazi and the central government. Mehmed The Conqueror 1453: The capture of Constantinople in 1453 by Mehmed II (reigned 1451–1481)—known as Mehmed the Conqueror—opened a new chapter in Ottoman expansion. With its superb location and illustrious heritage, Constantinople became the new Ottoman capital, subsequently known as Istanbul. SÜLEYMAN THE MAGNIFICENT: The Ottomans continued...
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...powers fit guns into their political, military, and cultural systems. One of the recurring things in history is the nature of nations and empires. Civilizations are born, reach their potential under extraordinary leaders, and over time lose their vitality and strength. The remarkable feature in this cycle is that new civilizations emerge out of there fallen leaders, regenerated by new leaders and by outside cultural influences, often resulting in cultural power. Such were the circumstances under which the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires emerged between 1300 and 1650. Coming on the heels of the Mongol and Timurid conquests in Southwest Asia and Anatolia, new Muslim dynasties began the process of extending their realms with military might enhanced by the use of gunpowder weaponry. Conquering an empire is not the same as establishing imperial authority, and the rulers of the new empires faced a monumental task in establishing an effective governing structure for their domains. Built upon the foundations of preexisting cultural ideas, the most outstanding emperors realized that the vitality of their empires required a considerable degree of toleration for their non-Muslim subjects-an ideal that stood in sharp contrast to the policies adopted by their contemporary counterparts in Christian Europe. In the sixteenth century, the Asian empires were clearly aspiring, controlling the East-West trade routes and drawing on the ample resources and manpower existing within their...
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...8. Safavid Empire (460-461) Ismail, the ancestor of Safi al-Din, founded the Safavid Empire and used Persian methods of ruling. He expanded his region over regions such as the Iranian plateau, Caucus, and central Asia. Ismail established his political base at the tomb of Safi al-Din. In an attempt to find favor in the eyes of Turkish in the region, the Safavids decided to convert to a form of Shiism - he forced the Sunnis to convert to the religion, Twelver Shiism. Twelver Shiism was a religion where it was believed that there were twelve religious rulers after Muhammad, but the twelfth hid. Believers thought that the 12th would come back one day, and many even believed that Ismail was the 12th. The followers of this religion wore red hats...
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...social stricter which was called egalitarian meaning there was little difference among people no matter rich or poor everyone was on the same level. This made it very difficult to have a ranking system in the military. The Turko-Monoglian tribes were exgoumous meaning they married outside of the family this was very important especially with building political alliances. There social structure was hierarchical which made a ranking system in the army very important. How did this difference affect the patter of state formation in pre modern middle east-? These difference affect the pattern of state formation in the pre modern middle east because of having a hieracalce social structure it made it much more easy to create a state or even an empire because of the inside and outside power, along with rankings in the military systems the tribe transformed its self into different caste the ruling elite and the subjects. But what happened with middle eastern tribe was they...
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...Sultan of the Ottoman Empire Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques Suleiman in a portrait attributed to Titian c.1530 Period Growth of the Ottoman Empire Coronation 30 September 1520 Full Name Suleiman bin Selim Khan Born 6 November 1494 Birthplace Trabzon Died c. 5 September 1566 (aged 71) Place of death Szigetvár, Hungary Buried Süleymaniye Mosque, Constantinople[1][2] (present day Istanbul) Predecessor Selim I Successor Selim II Consort Hürrem Sultan (wife) Mahidevran Sultan Gulia Sultan Fulane Sultan Offspring Şehzade Mahmud (1512–1521) Şehzade Mustafa (1515–1553) Şehzade Murad (1519–1521) Şehzade Mehmed (1521–1543) Mihrimah Sultan (1522–1578) Şehzade Abdullah (1522–1524) Selim II (1524–1574) Raziye Sultan (1525-?) Şehzade Beyazıt (1525–1561) Şehzade Cihangir (1531–1553) Şehzade Orhan (1543-1562) Şehzade Ahmed Royal House House of Osman Dynasty Ottoman Dynasty Father Selim I Valide Sultan Ayşe Hafsa Sultan This article contains Ottoman Turkish text, written from right to left with some letters joined. Without proper rendering support, you may see unjoined letters written left-to-right, instead of right-to-left or other symbols instead of Ottoman script. Battle between the Turks and Christians, 16th century Suleiman I (pron.: /ˌsʊlɪˈmɑːn/); known as “the Magnificent” in the the West and Kanuni in the the East, (6 November 1494 – 5 September 1566) was the tenth and longest-reigning Emperor, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, from 1520 to his death...
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...One of the longest reigning empires to rule belongs to the Ottoman Turks. It was called the Ottoman Empire. It was founded in 1301 A.D. by Osman the First and ended on the seventeenth of November 1922 A.D. with the abolishment of the sultanate. There were many rulers during the six hundred and twenty one years of the empire. But there was only one that was considered Magnificent, and that is Suleiman the First. Suleiman the Magnificent was born on the twenty seventh of April in the year 1496 A.D. in modern day Trebizond, Turkey. He is the only son of Sultan Selim I and Crimean Tatar princess Hasfa. When he turned seven years old, Suleiman was sent to study history, literature, military tactics, science, and theology in the schools of Topkapı Palace in Constantinople. There he studied until he was appointed governor of the city Kefe, modern day Fedsiya, then of Manisa. In the years 1514- 1515 A.D., Suleiman acted as regent of the empire as his father, Selim I, led a military campaign against present day Iran. He then oversaw the defense of Edirne in the year 1516-1517 A.D. while his father was campaigning against the Mamluks in Egypt and Syria. Before Suleiman succeeded the throne, he had a better education and more military experience than any other European...
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... 12/15/2015 In this essay I will attempt to answer the following question: What role did Islam play in the Ottoman and Mughal empires and what was the situation for religious minority groups? Overall, especially compared to Europe, religious toleration was very high in the two empires. While religious toleration varied along the years and the importance of Islam and its role in the two empires changed, it is safe to say that both of the empires went through a period of time where religion played a vital role in the people’s lives and tolerance of minority groups was at a high point. I will look more in-depth at the overall role that religion played in the empires as well as discuss both the positives and the negatives of the situation for minority groups. Islam played a big role in the Ottoman Empire. As a religion it was a focal point around which the rulers based their decisions as faith was a “major pillar of dynasty and empire”(Stearns, Peter N. World Civilizations. Fifth Edition. 2007. Pg. 580) . Islam played a role of civilization and it is also what encouraged emperors to keep expanding the empire. Finally it promoted principles of political succession- in other words it stimulated competition. Overall the religion served to bind people together and achieve a stable regime. Similarly in the Safavid Empire there was a lot of emphasis put on Shi’ism, and citizens were encouraged to convert to this religion. Religious festivals became focal points of...
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...Islam is the world's fastest growing faith. It all began in 610 C.E. when the Prophet Muhammad received revelations of the Quran in Mecca. Islam's reputation of promoting a strict and controlling government, female oppression, civil war, and terrorism is not completely correct. Islam is a rich and complex religion that is often misunderstood in the modern world. There have been many obstacles that have been faced. Islam wouldn't exist today with its leaders, the Crusades, and their empires. The most important leader was, of course, Muhammad. He basically set up Islam and preached and converted many to this religion. He insisted that it was wrong to build a private fortune but good to share wealth and create a society where the weak and vulnerable were treated with respect (51). Umar, Muhammad's second successor and father-in-law, was very important to Islam's history. He was originally opposed to Islam but converted right after he heard some verses from the Quran. Islam made its largest and fastest expansion under Umar's reign; the Muslim forces conquered Syria, Jerusalem, Egypt, Libya, Iraq, and armies of Persia. This period is often thought as the Golden Age of Islam. It was when Muslims were at the top of their regions social order and when Islam was the most pure for it had not yet been corrupted by power or privilege. There have been many other leaders that followed, and all of them have contributed to Islamic history. The Crusades were a series of wars that were started...
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