...LOSS COMPARISON OF TWO AND THREE-LEVEL INVERTER TOPOLOGIES G. I. Orfanoudakis*, S. M. Sharkh*, M. A. Yuratich† and M. A. Abusara* * University of Southampton, UK, † TSL Technology, UK G.I.Orfanoudakis@soton.ac.uk Keywords: Inverter, DC-link capacitors, losses. Abstract This paper investigates semiconductor and DC-link capacitor losses in two two-level and two three-level voltage source inverters. The components of the four inverters are selected to have appropriate voltage and current ratings. Analytical expressions for semiconductor losses are reviewed and expressions for DC link capacitor losses are derived for all topologies. Three-level inverters are found to have lower semiconductor losses, but higher DC-link capacitor losses. Overall, the three-level Neutral-Point-Clamped inverter proved to be the most efficient topology. a. 1 Introduction The process of selecting the topology, components and operating parameters (voltage, current and switching frequency) of an inverter is highly affected by the anticipated inverter losses. An accurate estimate of the losses occurring in each part of an inverter can significantly contribute to achieving an enhanced inverter design. This paper examines the semiconductor and DC-link capacitor losses of four voltage source inverter topologies: the conventional two-level inverter, the two-level two-channel interleaved inverter, the three-level Neutral-Point-Clamped (NPC) inverter and the three-level Cascaded...
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...Before using Solar Power: Samad lived in a village. He was illiterate. There was no connection of electricity. He has 3 children. His attitude was not charming. His room fills with darkness and dampness. Using kerosene, the surface of his room and other utensils had a layer of ash. Every night Samad sleeping without wash his leg. Because of high cost of kerosene, Samad not give chance to study his children at night. Otherwise he had not any communication media like, TV, Radio etc. It is therefore, he was verdant about many things of the country. His life was full of Superstitious. After using Solar Power: Samad’s wife feels interest to solar power after watching in a relative’s house. First Smad feel Apathy for using this. He said that solar power only for literate people. Samad’s wife said that it’s very easy to use. Enduring Samad’s wife explains to Samad for buying solar in installment. In the first day using solar power they felt very happy. Than switched on the light they saw the garbage around the house. They also saw that their feet were very dirty. They washes away their feet and gone to sleep. Next day they clean their house. This solar power lightens the Samad’s mind. He thought that he doesn’t have to pay any electricity bill, and also no load shedding. He buys a TV. He knows about the current world and also modern cultivation systems. And also he took up the restriction from his children to study in the night. His successes risen day by...
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...In the London portrayed in White Teeth power can dominate cultures, and dominant cultures can oppress and make other smaller cultures feel unwelcome. Culture and power can be conflicting towards one another. Throughout this novel we can see how power clearly dominates over culture. Cultures can be often disregarded if it is a minority from where they are located. This novel illustrates how power often defeats culture. One way to show the superiority of power over culture is how culture plays a role in one’s community. Samad, a character from the book, is a Muslim from Bangladesh; he has been living in London since the end of World War 2. Samad has two twin boys, Magid and Millat, and they attend school in London. While they were in school they were supposed to participate in The Harvest Festival. Samad was unhappy about this because he wanted his children to be able to participate in other Bangladesh cultures and holidays that pertained to his religion. Samad brought up his unhappiness at a parent meeting at the school that the lack of different cultures was unfair and he said, “The Christian calendar has thirty-seven religious events. Thirty seven. The Muslim calendar has nine. Only nine. And they are squeezed out by this incredible rash of Christian Festivals. Now my notion is simple. If we remove all...
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...Before using Solar Power: Samad lived in a village. He was illiterate. There was no connection of electricity. He has 3 children. His attitude was not charming. His room fills with darkness and dampness. Using kerosene, the surface of his room and other utensils had a layer of ash. Every night Samad sleeping without wash his leg. Because of high cost of kerosene, Samad not give chance to study his children at night. Otherwise he had not any communication media like, TV, Radio etc. It is therefore, he was verdant about many things of the country. His life was full of Superstitious. After using Solar Power: Samad’s wife feels interest to solar power after watching in a relative’s house. First Smad feel Apathy for using this. He said that solar power only for literate people. Samad’s wife said that it’s very easy to use. Enduring Samad’s wife explains to Samad for buying solar in installment. In the first day using solar power they felt very happy. Than switched on the light they saw the garbage around the house. They also saw that their feet were very dirty. They washes away their feet and gone to sleep. Next day they clean their house. This solar power lightens the Samad’s mind. He thought that he doesn’t have to pay any electricity bill, and also no load shedding. He buys a TV. He knows about the current world and also modern cultivation systems. And also he took up the restriction from his children to study in the night. His successes risen day by...
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...Health Promotion Among Asian Americans Robert Ramirez Grand Canyon University: NRS-429V Family-Centered Health Promotion February 22, 2015 Health Promotion Among Asian Americans The U.S. Public Health Service defines health promotion as “the process of advocating health in order to enhance the probability that personal, private, and public support of positive health practices will become a societal norm” (Edelman, Mandle, & Kudzma, 2014). Health is a basic human right; optimal health is a well-balanced structure of emotional, physical, spiritual, psychological, intellectual, and social well-being. The purpose of health promotion in nursing is to increase health knowledge that will in turn positively influence health behaviors of individuals and communities (Foster, 2012). Roughly 36% of the U.S. population is made up of various ethnic or racial minorities. Of that 36%, 4.8% were Asian Americans. According to the Office of Management and Budget, “Asians” consist of people that originate from the Far East, Southeast Asia, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan Thailand, Vietnam, or the Philippine Islands (CDC, 2014). These 14.7 million people are dispersed throughout the country, with Hawaii having the largest concentration (57%) of the total Asian population (CDC, 2014). The CDC (2014) states that minority groups “experience a disproportionate burden of preventable disease, death, and disability compared with non-minorities.” This paper will concentrate...
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...ANSWER 1. Describe the nature and causes of the problem faced by Samad. The nature that faced by Samad is a lack of career planning and development from past management that causes high turnover among electrical engineers engineers in the company that his work. Turnover means that the rate at which an employer gains and loses their employees. High turnover may be harmful to a company's productivity if skilled workers are often leaving and the worker population contains a high percentage of new workers. The causes are the electrical engineers felt no ladder up in the job that in technical of engineering aspects, and there is no career development. To be a successful company, the organization itself must have the ability to attract and retain highly skilled employees. So, that organization must be able to compare between what employees want and what employers are willing to give. This participatory approach to human resources and the perception of a common understanding among human resources managers and executives offer benefits through flexible and innovative care of their employees. In addition, Samad found in the area of wage surveys, Electronic Applications are paid 5 to 8 percent above the market for various categories of electrical engineers and do not do anything about that based on the informal exit interview system or in others word, higher position for the engineers after working so many years and the junior and younger engineers have gone to the competitors. Then...
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... Flat Cargo Berhad (FCB) was established in 1997 as the mean of providing air freight services to the Intra-Asia air market. FCB’s services were not only limited to air freight and aircraft ground handling but also included aircraft charter and leasing. FCB was chaired by Dato’ Ibrahim Samad, a former Director General for the Ministry of Transportation and former President of Malaysian Chamber of Commerce. He was the company’s Independent Non-Executive Director (INED). The top management team consisted of Mr Lim Loon Sim as the Chief Executive Officer, Mr Ali Bin Ahmad as the Executive Director and Mr Kim Boon Chok as the Chief Financial Officer. Mr Ali Bin Ahmad also held the position of FCB’s Audit Committee Chairman besides being a member of Employee’s Share Option Scheme FCB Wholly Owned Subsidiaries Cargo management Sdn Bhd Fc Spare Sdn Bhd FCB Wholly Owned Subsidiaries FC Air Ltd FCB (SPV) Ltd Cargo Air Service Sdn Bhd FCB secured agreements with well-established companies Up to 2005 Bax Global United Parcel Service (UPS) Express Worldwide Nippon Express CityLink Nationwide Express Top Management Team Dato’ Ibrahim Samad • Chairman • Independent non-executive director • Former of Directors General for Ministry of Transportation • As a Malaysia chamber of commerce’s former president Mr Lim Loon Sim • Chief Executive Officer (CEO) • Founder for FCB • Board member since 1997 • Executive Director • Chairman of...
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...al-Samad has stated the SHARIA law violates the religious clauses of the First Amendment of the Constitution, or more specifically the free exercise and establishment clauses. al-Samad points this out because the law bans the usage of Sharia law in its application in forming federal laws and federal court precedents. As for how the SHARIA law violates the establishment clause of the U.S. Constitution one simply look no further than the third prong of the Lemon Test, which says a law passed under state or federal power should not create excessive government entanglement. Under the proposed definition of the this law, one would have to define what Sharia, is but my sharia’s definition, it is merely “a path to water” or a starting point and therefore would be different for each individual Muslim depending on their own interpretation and many other factors, rather than its counterpart in the Arabic language “fiqh” which is considered set in stone, but since it is decided by man, it may be filled in numerous errors and subject to change....
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...Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited Human Resources Division Head Office, Dhaka. Recruitment of Assistant Officer Grade-III '2012 of the Bank. Merit wise qualified candidates both in Written Examination and Vive Voce Merit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 Roll No. 44455 44245 15133 12138 13806 30179 15128 13123 56158 30216 14747 15142 15392 30438 31799 30538 14742 47759 30352 31226 36057 51759 11935 38505 13454 13948 30710 35021 53615 50548 10776 14488 36942 34877 35251 15256 48527 35309 44879 14937 15358 40131 46815 35794 Name Md.Aminul islam MD. SHAHER ULLAH Most. Monjila Khatun Anjuman Ara Mukarrima Akhter Md. Fazlul Haque Farzana Khan MORIUM KHANOM Md. Ashraf Hossain Abdulla Al Mahamud MOST. FAHMIDA HAQUE Zahanara Khatun Taieba Ahmad Kazi Misbah Uddin Md. T Mohammad Saifuddin Muhammad Ali Arzumanara Khanam Md. Shahed Alamm MD. ABUL BASHER Mohammad Abul Basar Md. Raihanul Islam MD. SAMSUL AREFIN Sadeka Tamanna Muhammad Abdul Aziz Roksana Momtaj Most. Firoza Khatun Md. Muzahidul Islam Md. Suibur Rahman MD. JOHURUL ISLAM Md. Abdur Rahim Sadia Afroze Ummey Sumaiya Md. Ashraf Uddin Masum Billah Md.Kaizer Ebna Jaman Rabeya Khatun Md.Abdul Jalil Muhammad Abdur Rouf MASUM BILLAH Rabiun Nessa Mst. Masuma Khatun Md.Zakir Hossain Md. Safiullah Khan Md.Mohsin Uddin. Father's Name Md.Zafar Ali Mondol MD. AHSAN ULLAH Md. Mofazzal Hossain Md. Nuruzzaman Azad Md. Rafiqul Islam Md. Moin Uddin Mofazzal Hossain...
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...Johor Bahru, Johor 2. Taman Pulai Hijauan, Johor Bahru, Johor 3. The Gardens @ Polo Park, Johor Bahru, Johor (All Mixed Development) 4. Jalan Abdul Samad, Johor Bahru (Residential) 5. Stulang Darat, Johor Bahru (Residential ) | Desa Cemerlang and Taman Perindustrian Cemerlang in Johor Bahru | 1.Nusa Bestari (Township)2.Kempas Heights3.Bestari Indah (mixed development township)4.Kempas Indah | | Klang Valley | | | | | 1.Kiara 136 | Customer Range | | | | | | Product Range | | Taman Pulai Indah, Mukim of Pulai, Johor | Single storey shops | 77 | | Double storey terrace houses | 2099 | | Single storey terrace houses | 1444 | | Double storey cluster houses | 296 | | Double storey bungalow | 4 | | Double storey semi-detached houses | 18 | | Double storey low-medium cost terrace houses | 521 | | | | | Demand (Take up Rate) | | | | | | Hua Yang | 1. Metia Residence-Another development by established Property Developer, Prop Park Sdn Bhd, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Hua Yang Berhad, which is listed on the main board of Bursa Malaysia. - RM388,200 onwards-The project will be launched in third quarter of 2013 and is scheduled for completion 36 months from the SPA date. | 2. Citywood ,Johor Bahru2 towers serviced apartments located along Jalan Abdul Samad | 3. Taman Pulai Hijauan,Johornew township with 1,059 units of mixed property in 10 phases of development. Encompassing an area of 140 acres, the township...
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... of Organizational Hierarchy in Banglalink GSM Telecom Co TERM PAPER ON Roles and Responsibilities of Manager at Different Levels of Organizational Hierarchy in Banglalink GSM Telecom Co Submitted To Professor Dr. Quazi Abdus Samad Course Instructor Faculty of Business & Economics Submitted By Md. Yeaqub Ali 041-18-253 B.com (Hon’s) 3rd Batch Submission Date: December 26, 2006 Daffodil International University Sukrabad, Dhaka 1207 Md. Yeaqub Ali Daffodil International University 102 Sukrabad, Dhanmondi Dhaka 1205 December 26, 2006 Professor Dr. Quazi Abdus Samad Course Instructor, fall semister 2006 Faculty of Business & Economics Daffodil International University Dear Sir: Subject: Submission of Report on “Roles and Responsibilities of Manager at Different Levels of Organizational Hierarchy in Banglalink GSM Telecom Co” This is informing that I completed of “Term paper.” The topic of the research...
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...given highlights in the report included the issues contributing to those inconsistencies and the possible reasons that have led to this situation. Based on the identified problematic issues, several possible solutions have been suggested to overcome the said problems. Finally, an objective conclusion is made to make a stand about the given case study. This is important as it could facilitate the auditor to make an appropriate decision for the said case. B. COMPANY BACKGROUND FCB was established in 1997 as the mean of providing air freight services to the Intra-Asia air market. FCB’s services were not only limited to air freight and aircraft ground handling but also included aircraft charter and leasing. FCB was chaired by Dato’ Ibrahim Samad, a former Director General for the Ministry of Transportation and former President of Malaysian Chamber of Commerce. He was the company’s Independent Non-Executive Director (INED). The top management team consisted of Mr Lim Loon Sim as the Chief Executive Officer, Mr Ali Bin Ahmad as the Executive Director and Mr Kim Boon Chok as the Chief Financial Officer. Mr Ali Bin Ahmad was a member of FCB’s Audit Committee besides being a member of Employee’s Share Option Scheme Committee. In terms of financial growth, FCB...
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...1.0 PENGENALAN Perundingan bermaksud mesyuarat atau perbincangan. Perundingan dilakukan bagi mendapatkan sesuatu benda atau kemahuan seseorang dari pihak lain walaupun menggunakan perlbagai cara untuk memenuhinya. Perundingan melibatkan perbincangan dengan dua atau lebih individu melalui perjanjian berdasarkan kemahuan atau matlamat sesuatu pihak bagi mengatasi masalah yang timbul. Perundingan juga merupakan tahap awal dalam sesuatu proses perjanjian. Perundingan dilakukan antara pihak mengenai sesuatu perkara sebelum melaksanakan perjanjian. Perbincangan pula merupakan proses berinteraksi secara bersemuka antara manusia untuk bertukar-tukar idea, membincangkan atau menyelesaikan sesuatu masalah, menjawab persoalan, mengukuh serta meningkatkan kefahaman seseorang. Asmah (2000: 1) menyatakan perbincangan merupakan kegiatan bahasa yang menunjukkan adanya usaha mempertahankan, meyokong atau menentang sesuatu matlumat. Perundingan ini melibatkan satu proses komunikasi yang rumit melibatkan pelbagai perlakuan perunding seperti, sistem saraf dalam tubuh badan manusia. Urat-urat saraf ini akan bermasalah apabila berlakunya hentakkan yang kuat pada sesuatu bahagian tersebut. Oleh itu, pengendalian komunikasi yang bagus harus dipraktikkan dalam kehidupan seharian supaya memastikan perundingan ini berjalan dengan lancar. Rundingan penting apabila satu pihak memerlukan persetujuan daripada pihak lain bagi mencapai sasaran atau matlamat dalam sesuatu perundingan. Objektif dalam perundingan...
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... With an array of landing rights in the Asia Pacific region, FCB was in the idea niche position to offer express air services to international integrators, freight forwarders and major airlines within the Asian region. It managed to secure major landing rights in various countries in Asia including China, Japan, Thailand, Singapore, India, Indonesia, Taiwan, Sri Lanka, Philippines, Korea, Myanmar and Cambodia. Up to 2005, FCB secured agreements with well-established companies such as Worldwide Express, United Parcel Services (UPS), Nationwide Express, Citylink, Bax Global and Nippon Express. The composition of the Board of Directors was in adherence to the Malaysian Code of Corporate Governance. The chairman of FCB was Dato’ Ibrahim Samad who was also an independent non-executive director of the company. In 2005, FCB’s counter was ranked 4th in terms of capital gains and dividends to shareholders. Its share price at 31 December 2001 had been RM 1.89, but by end of 2005, the share price surged to RM10.60 per share. Turnover for 2005 was RM550 million, which is more than 1 ½ times than that for 2004. Analysts were expecting FCB’s revenue to increase for...
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...Development Franchising as a Social Innovation: When Entrepreneurial Expertise is Lacking Isaac H. Smith David Eccles School of Business University of Utah Kristie K. Seawright Marriott School of Management Brigham Young University Contact: Isaac H. Smith; isaac.smith@business.utah.edu; (T) 801-518-2991; 1645 East Campus Center Drive, 22 KDGB, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 Promoting entrepreneurship in “developing” nations has become a popular strategy for alleviating poverty and stimulating economic development (Khandker, 2005). For example, the worldwide proliferation of microfinance institutions is based on the assumption that providing individuals with better access to financial capital will fuel entrepreneurship and microenterprises, providing opportunities for people to work their way out of poverty. The results of such efforts, however, have been mixed (Snow & Buss, 2001), in part, because not all microfinance borrowers have the entrepreneurial skills sufficient to make a microenterprise succeed (Karnani, 2007a). Cross culturally, successful entrepreneurs have been shown to possess a different set of knowledge structures, or mental schema, than non-entrepreneurs (Mitchell, Smith, Seawright, & Morse, 2000). Interestingly, franchisees—often considered to be entrepreneurs (e.g., Baucus, Baucus, & Human 1996; Grunhagen & Mettelstadedt, 2005)—have been found to have entrepreneurship-related knowledge structures more closely resembling non-entrepreneurs than entrepreneurs...
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