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Sample Article Summaries

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The following summary was written in 2003 by a Psychology student at the University of Washington and is provided by the university on its website as an example of a well written summary.

Yoder, J. D., Hogue, M. Newman, R., Metz, L. and LaVigne, T. (2003) ‘Exploring moderators of gender differences: Contextual differences in door-holding behavior’. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 32, 1682-1686
In order to describe and explain discrepancies between male and female conduct in social situations, one may look at the context of each situation. The degree of gender awareness that any particular set of circumstances provides may affect people's subsequent behavior in predictable ways. Yoder, Hogue, Newman, Metz, and LaVigne (2003) studied door-holding, a possible gender-related behavior, in both dating and everyday settings. They proposed three hypotheses for the three main explanations of door-holding by men for women. Simple politeness as a cause would lead to the same amount of door-holding by men across both settings, a desire to help women would led to more door-holding by men across both settings, and a more sexist explanation would lead to more door-holding by men in the dating setting only. To test these hypotheses, five undergraduates (three female, two male) collected data at sixteen public areas. They observed instances of door-holding in 769 male-female pairs at both everyday and dating locations. At the dating locations, they only counted pairs who appeared to be romantically involved, while at the everyday locations, they only counted pairs who did not appear to be romantically involved. When data-collection ended, they first used a chi-square test. This assured them that the door-holding differences between locations were statistically relevant. Using the chi-square test again, they found that a significantly higher number of women were door-holders for men in the everyday locations. Conversely, a significantly higher number of men were door-holders for women in the dating locations.
These results support the idea that a type of benevolent sexism affects the behavior of men towards women in particularly gender-defining situations, such as dating. The tendency for women to hold doors more than men in everyday situations, then, serves to further define the clear difference between men and women's actions in dating. This suggests that using a moderator variable, such as the degree to which a situation may enhance the differences in behavior between genders, will be useful in later social psychology studies.

University of Washington (n.d.) Sample Article Summaries: example 4 [online] available from [11 September 2015]

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