...having a livelihood project that they can adopt as early as now for a long-term means of profit and at the same time is appropriate for their age. The Pay-per Me-ché livelihood project will be conducted in cooperation with the faculty of Bambang Elementary School for a more efficient implementation. II. Goal The livelihood project aims to: * Enhance and instill to the students the value of creativity * Enhance and instill to the students the value of entrepreneurship * Provide the community (youth) an alternate means of livelihood and promote recycling * Improve the confidence of the students in handling entrepreneurial activities, and; * Promote to the students the of value industriousness. III. Activity Design A. Threads The Seven Running Threads of the training program are as follows: 1. Creativity 2. Resourcefulness 3. Environmental-consciousness 4. Confidence 5....
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...Sampling Designs • 1. Simple random sampling (SRS) Steps: – (1) Assign a single number to each element in the sampling frame. – (2) Use random numbers to select elements into the sample until the desired number of cases is obtained. • The method is not very different from winning a lottery. 2. Systematic Sampling • Steps: – (1) Calculate the sampling interval as the ratio between population size and sample size, I = N/n. – (2) Arrange all elements in the population in an order. – (3) Select a case in the first interval randomly. – (4) Select every ith case from this point. 2. Systematic Sampling (continued) I I 1st element, randomly chosen I I I I – Systematic Sampling is easier and simpler than SRS – The text warns of a danger to this method. What is it? 3. Stratified Sampling • Stratified sampling is more complicated than SRS. The advantage is the guaranteed representativeness in some important characteristics. • For example, say that we want to select a sample of 100 individuals. Sex ratio in the sample is up to chance if we do SRS. We can guarantee the 50-50 split if we do stratified sampling: Stratified Sampling, Graphic Representation Population SRS SRS Sample • Stratified sampling is often used to reduce the variability of a sample. Oversampling, Graphic Representation Population SRS SRS Sample • Increasing the representation of a group in a sample. This is often done when groups are very different in size...
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...size of research population, it is not feasible to test all the individuals of the population since it will take too much time and will be expensive as well. So the researchers take few individuals from the research population ( a subset of the set of target population) using sampling techniques. These techniques helps to take out sample as per the requirements of the type of research that is to be conducted. A research population is also known as a well-defined collection of individuals or objects known to have similar characteristics. All individuals or objects within a certain population usually have a common, binding characteristic or trait. Usually, the description of the population and the common binding characteristic of its members are the same. "Government officials" is a well-defined group of individuals which can be considered as a population and all the members of this population are indeed officials of the government. There are various sources from which a sample is created. A set of all these sources is called a Sampling frame from which the sample is selected. With the help of sampling frames, researchers are able to select the sample population from the target population that will be tested for the research or survey. A sampling frame should have the following characteristics: Completeness: A frame should be complete in a sense that all the individuals of the target population should be covered in the frame. In case we are...
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...” 2015). Quantitative research “is about asking people for their opinions in a structured way so that you can produce hard facts and statistics to guide you. To get reliable statistical results, it’s important to survey people in fairly large numbers and to make sure they are a representative sample of your target market.” ("What Is Quantitative Research?” 2015). There also are descriptive and statistical approach’s in this paper that will help with understand what is best for you business research. When constructing a business research there are several sampling methods that can be used. Some sampling methods would be simple random sampling, systematic sampling, cluster sampling and quota sampling and etc. The article I chose to do is called Qualitative and quantitative methods for sampling zooplankton in shallow coastal estuaries. “Many different devices are used for sampling zooplankton. Every sampler has its advantages and limitations in terms of sampling ease and efficiency, which is why hydro biologists search for devices that could increase sampling efficiency and decrease human effort (Nunez et al. 2008).” In this article they used the plankton net sampling method and it is used to sample the lake or pond.” These sampling methods all have their strengths and weakness and to choose...
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...Control and Prevention (CDC). The YRBSS is a body entrusted to monitor the health risk behavior associated with the six categories causative of morbidity and mortality among youth (Kann). These leading causes can be summarized as the behavior contributing to unintentional injuries, alcohol and other drug use, use of tobacco, sexual behavior leading to STIs and unintended pregnancy, unhealthy dietary behavior and physical inactivity. Stratified sampling The recent sampling assumes two- stage cluster sample design in the year 2013. The stratified two-stage cluster sample design presumes two stages. In the first stage the list of schools are stratified in accordance to the importance of the demographic variables, accompanied by replacement schools in case the targeted fails to participate. Then followed by of more intact class of the target or the participating school. This is in attempt to produce a representative sample of public and private school of students in grade 9-12. The sample target population of 39 states and 21 large urban school district of public and private school students. The sampling for the 2013 national YRBSS entailed regular public and private school with students in the grades 9-12 in the 50 states and the District of Columbia (Kann). The sampling frame was retrieved from the Market Data retrieval database (MDR). The first stage frame consisted of 1276 primary sampling units (PSUs) holding counties, subareas of the large counties and the adjacent counties. Then...
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...Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Background “3G, short for third Generation, is the third generation of mobile telecommunications technology” (Geneva, 2002). 3G telecommunication networks support services that provide an information transfer rate of at least 200 kbit/s. Later 3G releases, often denoted 3.5G and 3.75G, also provide mobile broadband access of several Mbit/s to smart phones and mobile modems in laptop computers. “3G finds application in wireless voice telephony, mobile Internet access, fixed wireless Internet access, video calls and mobile TV. This is a set of standards used for mobile devices and mobile telecommunication use services and networks that comply with the International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) specifications by the International Telecommunication Union3G finds application in wireless voice telephony, mobile Internet access, fixed wireless Internet access, video calls and mobile TV” (Smith and Collins, 2000). 3G technology is the result of research and development work carried out by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in the early 1980s. 3G specifications and standards were developed in fifteen years. The technical specifications were made available to the public under the name IMT-2000. “The communication spectrum between 400 MHz to 3 GHz was allocated for 3G. Both the government and communication companies approved the 3G standard” (CDG Market Trends and Facts). “The first pre-commercial...
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...Research Review Marketing Research-"the function that links the consumers, customers, and public to the marketer through information — information used to identify and define marketing opportunities and problems; generate, refine, and evaluate marketing actions; monitor marketing performance; and improve understanding of marketing as a process. Observation research-is a social research technique that involves the direct observation of phenomena in their natural setting Convenience sample- is a non-probability sampling technique where subjects are selected because of their convenient accessibility and proximity to the researcher. Probability/nonprobability-Probability sampling, or random sampling, is a sampling technique in which the probability of getting any particular sample may be calculated. Nonprobability sampling does not meet this criterion and should be used with caution. Nonprobability sampling techniques cannot be used to infer from the sample to the general population MIS- Interis a general term for the computer systems in an enterprise that provide information about its business. operations.net vs. Intranet- An intranet is a computer network that uses Internet Protocol technology to share information, operational systems, or computing services within an organization Primary Research- consists of a collection of original primary data Secondary Research- Secondary research (also known as desk research) involves the summary, collation and/or synthesis...
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...the premise that, a recently published survey indicated that 79% of the nearly 1,200 workers who responded to the survey questionnaires expressed a high level of interest in the topics of corporate restructuring and redesign of benefits programs. However, a critical review of the claim and its premise cast some doubts on the validity of the argument. First, corporate restructuring and redesign of benefit programs is a small part of management issues and thus cannot be used as a basis to say workers have interest in management issues. Second, for workers to have merely indicate on a questionnaire that they have interest in the topics of corporate restructuring and design of benefit programs is not enough to conclude that they actually do it in reality. Finally, a generalization made from the result of a survey with a sample size of 1,200 workers without stating the population size is not adequate. First and foremost, the discussion will touch on the inadequacy of the premise as against the claim. With this, I state that, corporate restructuring and redesign of benefit programs is a small part of management issues and thus cannot be used as a basis to say workers have interest in management issues. Management issues encompass several measures. These are inclusive of spinning of departments into agencies to enhance efficiency, changing of product lines, merging with or acquiring of other firms and so on. Again, the emphasis of benefit programs is so obvious that workers will be concerned...
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...ASMA FATHIMA REG NO: 11SKCMA016 TITLE OF THE STUDY: “A STUDY ON PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF LIFESTYLE INTERNATIONAL PVT LTD” 1. TITLE OF THE STUDY: “A STUDY ON THE PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF LIFESTYLE INTERNATIONAL PVT LTD.” 1.0. INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY: Performance Management System (PMS) includes activities which ensure that goals are consistently being met in an effective and efficient manner. Performance management can focus on the performance of an organization, a department, employee, or even the processes to build a product of service, as well as many other areas. PMS is also known as a process by which organizations align their resources, systems and employees to strategic objectives and priorities. In organizational development (OD), performance can be thought of as Actual Results vs Desired Results. Any discrepancy, where Actual is less than Desired, could constitute the performance improvement zone. Performance management and improvement can be thought of as a cycle: • Performance planning where goals and objectives are established • Performance coaching where a manager intervenes to give feedback and adjust performance • Performance appraisal where individual performance is formally documented and feedback delivered It is to understand the gap between two things: A performance problem is any gap between Desired Results and Actual Results. Performance improvement is any effort targeted at closing...
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...Lecture 5 Audit of the Sales and Collection Cycle Summary of the Audit Process Phase 1 Plan and design an audit approach 1. Accept client and perform initial planning 2. Understand client’s business and industry 3. Assess client business risk 4. Perform preliminary analytical procedures 5. Set materiality & assess acceptable audit risk and inherent risk 6. Understand internal control and assess control risk 7. Gather information to assess fraud risk 8. Develop overall audit plan and audit program Phase 2 Perform tests of controls & substantive tests of transactions Plan to reduce assessed level of control risk? No Yes Phase 3 Perform analytical procedures and tests of details of balances 1. Perform analytical procedures 2. Perform tests 3. Perform additional tests of details of balances Phase 4 Complete the audit & issue an audit report 1. Perform tests for presentation & disclosure 2. Accumulate final evidence 3. Evaluate results 4. Issue Audit Report 5. Communicate with audit committee & management 1. Perform test of controls 2. Perform substantive tests of transactions 3. Assess likelihood of misstatements in financial statements Accounts in the Sales and Collection Cycle 14-3 Sales and Sales returns Transaction 4 Accounts Sales Accounts receivable Business Functions Processing customer orders Granting credit Shipping goods Billing customers and recording sales Documents & Records Customer order Sales order Customer or sales order Shipping...
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...INTRODUCTION Definitions Each country has its own currency through which both national and international transactions are performed. All the international business transactions involve an exchange of one currency for another Scope of the study * The study can help in analyzing Growth in currency derivatives. * Companies are looking to get a competitive edge * Quick returns are possible for short term profits in currency derivatives * Future growth of currency derivatives OBJECTIVES OF STUDY * OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The basic idea behind undertaking Currency Derivatives project to gain knowledge about currency future market. * To study the basic concept of Currency future * To study the exchange traded currency future * To understand the practical considerations and ways of considering currency future price. * To analyze different currency derivatives products. Limitations of the Study Every study is bound by limitations and as such this is no exceptions. 1. The analysis was purely based on the secondary data. So, any error in the secondary data might also affect the study undertaken. 2. The currency future is new concept and topic related book was not available in library and market. 3. Confidential matters were not disclosed by the company. 4. There were time constraints. Existing & proposed product Produts and services 1.Equity Trading The best way...
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...1.1 create a plan for the collection of primary and secondary data for a given business problem. Primary Data Primary data can collect by using experiments, surveys, questionnaires, interviews, and observations. If you’ve already gathered this information, we can then analyze it and then come up with accurate results based on your needs. But if you haven’t already gotten this information together, no problem! We can also help with that step of data collection as well. (datacollectionservice.net, 2015) We make primary data collection easy * We create a questionnaire and interview * We design a survey * We choose the sample * We analyze the data Secondary Data Secondary data comes from resources that have already been published. You may have a running list of certain sources but there are so many published items in the world, it can be hard to find the one thing that will make a difference to your project. Collection of data from secondary sources is a treasure hunt and we are skilled researchers with an eye for diamonds. We have developed extensive lists of secondary sources of data collection and will utilize them for your project. Just because something is listed, as a secondary source for data collection doesn’t mean that it’s less important though. (datacollectionservice.net, 2015) Secondary data collection has never been easier * We define the values * We surf the webpages * We create a custom Table * We analyze and...
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...Research design, research method and population 3.1 INTRODUCTION Chapter 3 outlines the research design, the research method, the population under study, the sampling procedure, and the method that was used to collect data. The reliability and validity of the research instrument are addressed. Ethical considerations pertaining to the research are also discussed. 3.2 RESEARCH DESIGN It is the blueprint for conducting the study that maximises control over factors that could interfere with the validity of the findings. Designing a study helps the researcher to plan and implement the study in a way that will help the researcher to obtain intended results, thus increasing the chances of obtaining information that could be associated with the real situation (Burns & Grove 2001:223). 3.3 RESEARCH METHOD A quantitative, descriptive approach was adopted to investigate reasons why women who requested TOP services failed to use contraceptives effectively. 3.1 Quantitative This is a quantitative study since it is concerned with the numbers and frequencies with which contraceptive challenges were experienced by women who requested TOP services in terms of the 85 CTOP Act (no 92 of 1996) in the Gert Sibande District of the Mpumalannga Province of the RSA, during August and September 2003. 3.2 Description This study was descriptive because it complied with the characteristics of descriptive research as stipulated by Brink and Wood (1998: 283). • Descriptive designs are used...
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...Data Management and Analysis Analysis the report, it is clear seen that the Data management and analysis methods used is a quantitative comparative descriptive design. Ford, B. (2010) took very careful steps to maintain the rigor and control of their data collection. The author used a statistic software design. She developed her idea into two representative graphs in which she compared call light usage before initiation of hourly rounding, and call light usage after the initiation of hourly rounding. With is in compliance with the objective described by the hypotheses developed in this study. Hourly rounding improves patient satisfactory score. Narrative descriptive also uses to confirm their finding. For a pilot study, one thinks that the sample size was adequate. A sample made of 51 patients, 29 females, 22 males a long with a randomly selected control group is used for that study. Although the researcher did not explain how the data were entered into the computer one assume that it was entered to promote accuracy and to reduce the possibility and effect of bias. In summary this pilot study shows that Ford, B. (2010) provide evidence to suggest that hourly rounding increase patient outcome with is benefited to nursing practice. The author took time to focus on the significant problem, she explains how the data was collected, and the diagram shows the percentage of error and the frequency of the variable. The study’s strengths and weakness is clearly defined. The author stated...
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...HRD 313: Program and Organizational Evaluation Program Evaluation Plan Paper RTF Employee Morale March 8, 2011 Written By: Michelle Mogg Esther Kim Biyu Zhu Mohammed Benjebreen Ariel Van Der Bogart II. Design and Sampling We will be using the responsive evaluation model as this approach hones in on the stakeholders’ key reactions and responses to the program that is being evaluated. A responsive evaluation is ideal for this evaluation because since it allows us to utilize both quantitative and qualitative collection methods. Through this evaluation method, we can take into consideration the stakeholders’ suggestions and determine if there are any changes that can, should and will be implemented. In conducting a responsive evaluation, the evaluator must talk with the participants involved, identify the program’s issues, and then collect the data while conceptualizing the participants concerns. The main question we should ask when using this approach is, “What does the program look like to different people?” The answers we will receive will vary, but this is expected because it will give sufficient feedback when evaluating the data. This approach fits well with our design because we are asking the employees to provide us with their issues and concerns as to why they lack morale and job satisfaction. Their feedback can then help us determine if there are any common correlations and themes. In addition, asking employees to provide their insights and letting them...
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