...defines Penton Media’s sampling plan and research design for their study on if their reader service cards are still successful in getting buyer’s attentions. There are five questions that develop the sampling plan and Penton Media’s answers to these questions are described in this paper along with the strengths and weaknesses of their decisions. Their research design is also explained in the eight categories given. Finally, the strengths and weaknesses of their research design are given. Case Assignment 2 Penton Media has designed a research study to determine if the reader service cards are still a sustainable form of bringing in customers. Penton Media came up with a sampling plan in order answer this research plan. Their sampling plan answered five questions and has both strengths and weaknesses. They also formulated a research design, which includes eight categories of options to answer their research question. Their research design also includes strengths and weaknesses, and these will be further examined in this paper. Sampling Plan According to Cooper and Schindler (2014), the sampling plan includes five questions. These questions include (p. 344): * What is the target population? * What are the parameters of interest? * What is the sampling frame? * What is the appropriate sampling method? * What size sample is needed? Once you have answered all these questions, you can determine the appropriate sampling design for your study. Penton...
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...employees promotion, transfer, incentives, pay increase. This study will help the researcher to develop an insight about the performance appraisal. This project is also a part of the curriculum of the researcher. This study report can serve as the preliminary information for advance research. DATA SOURCES AND METHODOLOGY: “A Research is a careful investigation or inquiry; especially through search for new facts in any branch of knowledge. It is a systemized effort to gain more knowledge.” RESEARCH DESIGN: Exploratory Research Design SAMPLING PLAN: * Sampling type: Simple random sampling * Sample Size: 30 employees * Sample area: BSNL Office, Ashokartna, Khamadih, Raipur (C.G.) * Statistical tool for analysis of data: Percentage method DATA COLLECTION: Data Sources: * Secondary Data, through the internet and the publishing of the firm. * Primary Data through Questionnaire * Through personal contact with employees. CHAPTER PLAN I. Introduction of identified problem II. Background of the study III. Data...
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...1.1 create a plan for the collection of primary and secondary data for a given business problem. Primary Data Primary data can collect by using experiments, surveys, questionnaires, interviews, and observations. If you’ve already gathered this information, we can then analyze it and then come up with accurate results based on your needs. But if you haven’t already gotten this information together, no problem! We can also help with that step of data collection as well. (datacollectionservice.net, 2015) We make primary data collection easy * We create a questionnaire and interview * We design a survey * We choose the sample * We analyze the data Secondary Data Secondary data comes from resources that have already been published. You may have a running list of certain sources but there are so many published items in the world, it can be hard to find the one thing that will make a difference to your project. Collection of data from secondary sources is a treasure hunt and we are skilled researchers with an eye for diamonds. We have developed extensive lists of secondary sources of data collection and will utilize them for your project. Just because something is listed, as a secondary source for data collection doesn’t mean that it’s less important though. (datacollectionservice.net, 2015) Secondary data collection has never been easier * We define the values * We surf the webpages * We create a custom Table * We analyze and...
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...Case Assignment 2 By: BUSI 600 Liberty University Describe the sampling plan. Analyze its strengths and weaknesses. The sampling plan that Penton utilized for the basis of their research required several steps in the process to determine the correct population of users to poll. The process began with a phone questionnaire that was targeted to the Penton readership from a very large database. From there, Penton sent a pretest, this time by mail, to another user group. The final study was then sent to 4,000 decision makers from the Penton database (Cooper & Schindler, 2011). There are many strengths to the approach that Penton used for this study. To begin, the level of confidence was 95% with +/-4 percent for a margin of error. This is actually common when conducting a sampling plan (2011). Penton achieved this probability determining that 676 of the 710 respondents were the decision makers of their respective organizations. These individuals were also weighted according to the cell that they were assigned. There were 42 cells representing seven industries by six job titles, which allows Penton to see which individuals could be identified as the most desirable participant to the study. This is an effective method for identifying the participants, because Penton now knows who the decision makers are within the organizations they work for. If the respondents were allowed to be random, the data would not be true to the goal of the research, which aims...
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...Because research goals and problem vary, research methods also vary. Research design can be thought of as the structure of research, the “glue” that holds together all of the elements in a research project. One of the biggest challenges of a nurse researcher is to decide which research design and method to use. * Research Design is the researchers overall plan of how the study will be conducted. The plans contains such details as the type of data to be collected, the techniques or the means to be used to obtain these data, the basis for the choice of the subjects, the manner of determining sample size, the instruments to be used and their validation, and the data analysis scheme which includes the application of the statistical tools for treatment of data. Criteria for choice of Research Design * Logically sound * Comprehensive enough to solve the problem * Reasonably clear & precise * Clearly spelled out * Free from weaknesses Elements to consider in the choice of Research Design * The total population from which to select the study samples * The method of selecting the samples or study respondents * The alternative versions of independent variable under study * The criterion measures evaluating the effects of the independent variables * The statistical treatment of data, using various tools. There are at least five (5) Kinds of Research Designs 1. Experimental 2. Non-experimental 3. Combined experimental and...
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...6-3 Sampling Sampling is the process of selecting a small number of elements from a larger defined target group of elements such that the information gathered from the small group will allow judgments to be made about the larger groups 6-4 Census 6-5 Basics of Sampling Theory Population Element Defined target population Sampling unit Sampling frame 6-6 Sources of Error Sampling error is any type of bias that is attributable to mistakes in either drawing a sample or determining the sample size Nonsampling error is bias that occurs in a research study regardless of whether a sample or census is used, such as bias caused by measurement error, response errors, or coding errors 6-7 Sampling Methods Probability sampling Nonprobability sampling 6-8 Classification of Sampling Techniques Sampling Techniques Nonprobability Sampling Techniques Probability Sampling Techniques Convenience Sampling Judgmental Sampling Quota Sampling Snowball Sampling Simple Random Sampling © 2007 Prentice Hall Systematic Sampling Stratified Sampling Cluster Sampling Other Sampling Techniques 6-9 11-9 Types of Sampling Methods Probability Simple random sampling Systematic random sampling Stratified random sampling Cluster sampling Nonprobability Convenience sampling Judgment sampling Quota sampling Snowball sampling 6-10 Forms of Probability Sampling_1 Simple random sampling is a method of probability sampling in which...
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...Lecture 5 Audit of the Sales and Collection Cycle Summary of the Audit Process Phase 1 Plan and design an audit approach 1. Accept client and perform initial planning 2. Understand client’s business and industry 3. Assess client business risk 4. Perform preliminary analytical procedures 5. Set materiality & assess acceptable audit risk and inherent risk 6. Understand internal control and assess control risk 7. Gather information to assess fraud risk 8. Develop overall audit plan and audit program Phase 2 Perform tests of controls & substantive tests of transactions Plan to reduce assessed level of control risk? No Yes Phase 3 Perform analytical procedures and tests of details of balances 1. Perform analytical procedures 2. Perform tests 3. Perform additional tests of details of balances Phase 4 Complete the audit & issue an audit report 1. Perform tests for presentation & disclosure 2. Accumulate final evidence 3. Evaluate results 4. Issue Audit Report 5. Communicate with audit committee & management 1. Perform test of controls 2. Perform substantive tests of transactions 3. Assess likelihood of misstatements in financial statements Accounts in the Sales and Collection Cycle 14-3 Sales and Sales returns Transaction 4 Accounts Sales Accounts receivable Business Functions Processing customer orders Granting credit Shipping goods Billing customers and recording sales Documents & Records Customer order Sales order Customer or sales order Shipping...
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...Preparing to Conduct Business Research Part One Paul Steeves RES/351 6 May 2013 Part One: Research Problem ABC Company just purchased a new C-Store located in South Carolina, on a busy intersection that has been in the same place for 22 years. The well-established C-Store has a loyal and local customer base and steady profits from clientele. ABC Company paid $300,000 for the new C-Store, but when they bought the store they did not realized the C-Store only generated $285,000 per year. This created an unexpected dilemma for the company. ABC Company expected to see a return on investment within the year. ABC Company decided that it may be advantageous to use business research to allow their business to run more efficiently. They came up with some questions regarding how they could fix their financial problems: "What services could be implement to drive up revenues?" "Are there any cutbacks on inventory that require our attention?" "What changes can be implemented that would improve customer satisfaction?" "Should we focus on advertisement of a special product?" "What directives could be created to improve customer bonds?" Although these questions enveloped the main concerns, ABC Company decided to make some descriptive hypotheses for complete definition. ABC Company believes that they should open a liquor store in the rental area next to the convenience...
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...RESEARCH PROPOSAL THE CONTENTS OF A RESEARCH PROPOSAL A research proposal is an overall plan, scheme, structure and strategy designed to obtain answers to the research questions or problems which constitute your research project. A research proposal should outline the various tasks that you plan to undertake to fulfil your research objectives, test hypotheses or obtain answers to your research questions. It also should state your reasons for undertaking the study. Broadly a research proposal’s two main functions are to: * Outline the operational plan for obtaining answers to your research questions * Specify and ensure the methodology for control of variance. (This is a technical function and is important for those studies that are designed to investigate a causal relationship.) In order to achieve its first function, a research proposal must tell you, your research supervisor and a reviewer: * What you are proposing to do * How you plan to proceed * Why you selected the proposed strategy Therefore it should contain: * A statement of the objectives of the study * A list of hypotheses. If you are testing any * The research design which you are proposing to use * The setting for your study * The research instrument(s) that you are planning to use * Information on sample size and sampling design * Information on data processing procedures * An outline of the proposed chapters from the report * The study’s...
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...greatly reducing the need for inspection or control efforts. -As you might expect, different business organizations are in different stages of this revolutionary process: * The least progressive rely heavily on inspection. * Many occupy a middle ground that involves some inspection and a great deal of process control. And the most progressive have achieved an inherent level of quality that is high enough that they are able to avoid wholesale inspection activities as well as process control activities. That is the ultimate goal. Figure 4-1 illustrates these phases of quality assurance. Figure 4-1 Phases of quality assurance Acceptance Sampling Inspection before/after production Corrective action during production Quality built into the process process Acceptance Sampling Inspection before/after production Corrective action during production Quality built into the process process Continuous improvement Process Control Continuous improvement Process Control The least progressive The least progressive The most progressive The most progressive * Quality assurance that relies primarily on inspection after production is referred to as...
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...section copied in whole or in part from any other source unless explicitly identified in quotation marks and with detailed, complete and accurate referencing. …………………………………….. (Signature) CONTENTS PAGE 1. INTRODUCTION 3 1.1 The research problem. 4 1.2 Rationale or purpose of the study. 4 1.3 The objectives of the study. 4 1.4 Research question(s). 4 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 5 3. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY 6 3.1 Research design. 6 3.2 Data sources 7 3.3 Data collection techniques. 7 3.4. Issues of reliability and validity. 8 3.5 Sampling techniques. 8 3.6 Definitions of key terms, concepts and variables. 9 3.7 Data analysis and interpretation. 9 3.8 Ethical considerations. 10 3.8.1 Confidentiality. 10 3.8.2 Informed consent 10 3.8.3 Provision of debriefing, counseling and additional information. 10 3.9. Pretest or pilot study. 11 4. MY PERSONAL WORK PLAN 12 LIST OF SOURCES 12 From here on, please use 1, 5 spacing in your text. Should you include tables in your introduction or literature review, please number them Table 1, Table 2, etc. TITLE: (Give a brief title for your proposed study here. For example: An investigation into the causes of burnout amongst volunteer caregivers in a home-based HIV-AIDS support program. It does not have to be perfect at the first attempt. You might change it as...
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...Marketing Research test 2 Chapter 3 Secondary Data: -Data not gathered for the immediate study at hand. - Primary reason is to save time and money -Internal Secondary Data: -External Secondary Data -Sales Invoice -Periodicals -Accounts Receivable -Statistical Sources -Reports -Government Documents -Warranty Cards -Consumer Panels -Customer Letters -Past Research Results -Current Databases Literature Review: -Comprehensive examination of secondary info related to your research topic. -Provides background and contextual information -reveals whether info already exists -clarifies research problem and questions Syndicated Data -market research data that is collected, packaged and sold to different firms. -3 Common Methods: -Consumer Panels: large samples of households agree to provide data for an extended amount of time -Store Audits: formal examination and verification of how much a product or brand has been sold at the retail level -Optical Scanner Technology: point of purchase data is collected Hypotheses: suggests a relationship between variables 2 Types of Hypotheses: 1. Descriptive: Possible answer to specific business problems. 3 steps: 1. Review Research Problems 2. Write Down Questions 3. Brainstorm possible answers 2. Causal: theoretical statements about relationships between variables. Help businesses understand how to make changes. -What are the Relationships between variables? -Positive...
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...3.2 POPULATION AND SAMPLING A population is the entire group of persons or objects that is of interest to the researcher, in other words, that meets the criteria which the researcher is interested in studying. (Brink & Wood 1998; Burns & Grove 2003). The non-probability sampling approach was used within the XXX Metropolitan Province. Furthermore, the researcher used a convenience sampling technique which caused sampling bias. The researcher used the convenience sampling technique which was as a result of the readily available subjects for the study. (Brink, 2006:132). (Cohen, 2000) stated that the researcher simply chooses the sample from those to whom she/he has easy access. Cohen went on to say this implies generalisations of findings are limited as the sample does not represent any group other than itself. This is a limitation that is explained in the last section of this chapter. This creates a cause for further research to be done. 3.3 RESEARCH DESIGN Qualitative and quantitative research designs were used. The research design describes the plan or blueprint of an investigation to obtain answers to research questions or problems (Babbie & Mouton, 2001). The researcher adopted the descriptive research technique. (Borg &Gall, 1989) say that, “descriptive research describes natural or man-made educational phenomena that are of interest to policy makers and educators.” For this reason the research design was chosen. Creswell and Brink alluded to the statement further...
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...merits of alternative sampling frames. Suggest most appropriate one and justify your selection. Research population is the target population on which a study or research is conducted through various different methods inorder to reach a conclusion from the data generated. It is for the benefit of the population directly or indirectly. But, due to very large size of research population, it is not feasible to test all the individuals of the population since it will take too much time and will be expensive as well. So the researchers take few individuals from the research population ( a subset of the set of target population) using sampling techniques. These techniques helps to take out sample as per the requirements of the type of research that is to be conducted. A research population is also known as a well-defined collection of individuals or objects known to have similar characteristics. All individuals or objects within a certain population usually have a common, binding characteristic or trait. Usually, the description of the population and the common binding characteristic of its members are the same. "Government officials" is a well-defined group of individuals which can be considered as a population and all the members of this population are indeed officials of the government. There are various sources from which a sample is created. A set of all these sources is called a Sampling frame from which the sample is selected. With the help of sampling frames, researchers...
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...carried out, the sources data collection, the sampling plan, the questionnaire design, the procedures used for analysis of the data and also the limitation of the methodology. 3.2 Research design Research design is the plan and structure of investigation so conceived as to obtain answers to research questions. The design is always based on research questions. Research is a complex process, which constitutes...
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