...depleted, the Trinity River was pumped dry, and all water storage along the river proved inadequate (Turner, Long Range Water Supplies Plan). Due to the brevity of time available to find a solution, many studies have been enacted in efforts to find a viable solution to the potential water losses. We present to you in parts 1 and 2 our findings on possible scenarios for water conservation and outside resources should our current available resources become depleted. Part 1: Solutions for Replenishing Depleted Local Water Resources Sourcing Water from Local Aquifers When many think of the valuable underground natural resources that are found in Texas, oil and natural gas are sure to be at the top the list for most people. And by and large they are correct, but there is one resource that is a part of every area of commerce and livelihood in Texas, Water. Fresh groundwater access and conservation is a present and future concern since studies and statistics show that groundwater amounts for 59% of the total state water supply, and 36% of municipal water supply (Ledbetter). A major source of this groundwater is the natural Texas aquifer. There are two major aquifers found in the North...
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...MADURAI: With the monsoon playing hide and seek, the drinking water situation is turning chaotic in Madurai city with many parts of the city not getting proper water supply. However, the situation is due to technical snags in the drinking water supply system rather than the water level in Vaigai reservoir, according to officials. City councillors for a few months have been raising the issue in the council meetings, saying the drinking water supply is erratic. They also highlighted the fact that sewage was getting mixed with drinking water in many wards. Meanwhile, demonstrations are being held in many parts of the city of late with people picketing the roads owing to lack of drinking water. Recently, people from Tiruparankundram picketed the road over the drinking water issue on Monday and there was a tussle between the public and police as a result. ower supply problems affecting water supply Monday, December 24, 2012 ST CATHERINE, Jamaica - National Water Commission (NWC) customers in sections of St Catherine served by the Sue River Water Treatment Plant are being advised that power supply problems affecting the plant have resulted in the current disruption in water supply. Areas that are affected include: Free Town, Benard, Sue River, Mizpah, St Faiths, Cassava River, Glengoffe, Goffe Road, Jambos Pond. Big Road, Accles Hill, Above Rocks, Zion Hill, Harker's Hall, Retirement, Edward Piece, Barnett, Centre Cut, Ennis and Mt Mattis. The company is reporting that every effort...
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...CAP-AND-TRADE: MAXIMIZING THE WATER OFFSET MARKET By Philip Ouellette A Capstone Paper Submitted to the Faculty of Norwich University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements Degree of Master of Public Administration June 2011 Table of Contents Part 1: Florida Water Policy Historical reference. pg. 4 Water policy challenge. pg. 5 Legal primacy. pg. 6 Water policy considerations. pg. 9 Part 2: Public Interest Concerning Alternative Water Sources Credible water sources. pg. 12 Salt water desalination. pg. 13 Brackish surface/ground water. pg. 13 Reclamation water. pg. 15 Demand management. pg. 16 Part 3: Public interest the economic driver Offset water regulation. pg. 20 Central leadership. pg. 23 Conclusion pg. 24 Thesis The question is; if Florida water management districts are not able to shift water resources between districts based on statutory authority then regional oversight must be incorporated to meet future water demand. Part 1: Florida Water Policy Historical Reference In 1955 Florida established its first water policy with the passage of the Water Resources Act of 1957(SJRWMD, 1957). This led to the development of Florida’s Water Model Code that granted five water management districts authority to manage water resources in the State of Florida. When the Florida Resources Act of 1972 was enacted, the water management districts inherited a...
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...order to identify the effects of industrial amounts of pesticides on surrounding inhabitants including but not limited to humans, cattle, domestic pets, etc,. The EPA is responsible for the safety of humans and the environment by creating laws and regulations. Discussion Pesticide use is regulated by the EPA, whose sole purpose is to “...ensure that all Americans are protected from significant risks to human health and the environment where they live, learn and work...” (Environmental Protection Agency). Pesticide use has plenty of benefits such as less crop loss due to pests and/or disease, and because less crops are lost, more money is saved, even though pesticides are purchased, they are relatively cheap and do not negate the total savings. On the other hand, there is a plethora of reasons that pesticide use is heinous, and harmful to all those involved from the person whose job it is is to administer the chemicals to the cat that ate the poisoned mouse. Many different problems have been associated with pesticide use. Scientists have executed tests on various food goods, water, and environments throughout the United States and have identified multiple chemicals that can be toxic to humans and wildlife that it comes in contact with. Studies have shown that the fallout from pesticide use can make its way into drinking water, whether it be treated water, ground water, or bottled water, as well as chemical residues on the fruits and vegetables an average American buys at the...
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...problems such as climate change and droughts, and all of them result from human activity. Water scarcity is one of the biggest challenges because safe drinking water is reducing year by year. Nothing can survive without water as well as human beings so it is necessary to protect clean water from decreasing from now on. In this essay, three causes of water scarcity will be identified. It will also pay attention to the measures to solve the problem. The major cause of water shortage is the increasing demand. The continuous growth in population contributes most to the increasing demand (Robert 2005). As a result of the population explosion, people have no choice but to find and use more water though this may dry up the river and exhaust the aquifers (Hutson et al.2004). However, many people are still unaware of the importance of water that they just take it for granted. It is not a good phenomenon because daily use of water may also make the situation worse. In brief, people need more water and supply can no longer meet the demand. Another cause is pollution that the number of factories is increasing and many of them tend to release dirty water into rivers in order to save money. Therefore, it is harder to find clean water. Climate change is the other reason why water scarcity occurred. Due to the global warming, the ice is melting so less clean water can be used. One of the solutions to save water is to improve the technology. As the population grows rapidly, more water is needed...
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...installation. It can be a supplementary water source in urbanized regions for miscellaneous household uses such as toilet flushing, lawn watering, landscape and ecological pools. In many developing countries, it even serves as a major water supply source. Other than storing rain water for later uses, it is also capable of providing some detention capacity for flood attenuations in some regions . Rainwater harvesting system has been regarded as a sound strategy of alternative water sources for increasing water supply capacities. Rain Water Harvesting (RWH) is one of the optional reforms under JNNURM ( Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission ) and the main objective behind making RWH mandatory in all building is to recharge ground water aquifers or to store rain water for direct use by occupants of the buildings....
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...Australia’s Dynamic Water Industry Fostering excellence in water management About this publication Australia has a unique water challenge. Increasing variability in extreme climate conditions has required governments, industry and citizens to prioritise water management. This focus has led to distinctive approaches, changes in governance, behavioural change and technology innovation. Australia’s experience and approach to addressing water management challenges is regarded as among the most progressive in the world. This publication has been prepared by the Australian Water Association, with the support of the Australian Trade Commission (Austrade), the Department of Innovation, Industry, Science and Research (DIISR ), waterAUSTR ALI A and industry partners to illustrate some of the innovative solutions developed by Australian business and research groups that have built resilience to water management by urban, agricultural and industrial sectors across Australia. June 2011 (10-11-92) Disclaimer This publication has been prepared as a general overview. It is not intended to provide an exhaustive coverage of water innovation in Australia. The information is made available on the understanding that the Australian Trade Commission (Austrade), the Department of Innovation, Industry, Science and Research and the Australian Water Association (the parties) are not providing professional advice. Therefore, while all care has been taken in the preparation of the report...
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...problems such as climate change and droughts, and all of them result from human activity. Water scarcity is one of the biggest challenges because safe drinking water is reducing year by year. Nothing can survive without water as well as human beings so it is necessary to protect clean water from decreasing from now on. In this essay, three causes of water scarcity will be identified. It will also pay attention to the measures to solve the problem. The major cause of water shortage is the increasing demand. The continuous growth in population contributes most to the increasing demand (Robert 2005). As a result of the population explosion, people have no choice but to find and use more water though this may dry up the river and exhaust the aquifers (Hutson et al.2004). However, many people are still unaware of the importance of water that they just take it for granted. It is not a good phenomenon because daily use of water may also make the situation worse. In brief, people need more water and supply can no longer meet the demand. Another cause is pollution that the number of factories is increasing and many of them tend to release dirty water into rivers in order to save money. Therefore, it is harder to find clean water. Climate change is the other reason why water scarcity occurred. Due to the global warming, the ice is melting so less clean water can be used. One of the solutions to save water is to improve the technology. As the population grows rapidly, more water is needed...
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...Explain the difference between Neoclassical Environmental Economics, Ecological Economics, and Natural Resource Economics. The three approaches originate from three different schools of thought. Broadly, Neoclassical Environmental Economics (NEE) is the opposite of the Ecological Economics (EE), and Natural Resource Economics (NRE) lies somewhere between them. Let’s begin with the opposing views. Field states, ‘Environmental Economics is the application of the principles of economics to the study of how environmental resources are managed. (Field & Field 2013:2). In gist, NEE is an Anthropospheric view of the environment through micro and macro-economic principles and sociopolitical influences that ignores the other spheres of life. The environment, is a subsystem of economics and has no intrinsic value. It is merely a factor of production, and only manufactured goods/services have an intrinsic value. EE, on the other hand, is a holistic approach, broader in scope, concerned with the supply and demand of energy and matter within the biosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and atmosphere - where contrastingly, the Anthroposphere is the subsystem. EE claims that NEE is totally dependent on the environment and that residuals and pollution are disruptive to natural processes and diminishes the earth’s bio-capacity. Environmental Economics’ primary focus is to manage the environment to supply services and goods in exchange for money (MO 2015 quoting Tietenberg 2014:7) whereas...
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...Sustainable Cities – A Focus on Gurgaon By Annet Serena Eric, Jyothish Jacob, Rahul Buddala, Rejith Ravindran, Robin Rajan Great Lakes Institute of Management, Gurgaon TABLE OF CONTENTS A BRIEF HISTORY OF GURGAON ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND HVAC WATER – FOR SUSTAINABLE FUTURE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ENERGY EFFICIENT TRANSPORT REFERENCES 2 3 12 18 24 27 1 GURGAON – A BRIEF HISTORY The name of this town emerged on the world map in 1972, when world fame Maruti Industry was set up in Gurgaon with the collaboration of Suzuki Company of Japan. Now with the coming up of multinational companies like Hero Honda Motor, Honda Motors Limited, Denso etc. in automobile sector and Microsoft, I.B.M. Nokia, Canon, DuPont, Sapient, British Airways, American Express, ABN Amro Bank, Alcatel, Nestle, Convergys, Hewitt, Vertex, Fidlity Investment, E.Vallue, Keine World India, Becton Dickinson India Private Limited in software development sector. With the result, the biggest cyber city of India spreading in an area of about 90 acres in addition to numerous cyber parks are being developed in Gurgaon itself within a radius of 15 kilometres from the International airport in private sector to accommodate the needs of software development units of multinational companies. The availability of high level infrastructure of Airways, Railways, Highways, world famed medical and educational institutions in its close proximity at National Capital of Delhi have become the main factors of attraction...
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...information of important and famous schools, such as UC Davis, to convince his readers’. Readers will see that McEwen researches his information about his topic and will believe what he thinks about the project. People will also see that he gathers important information from experts not just any people. In addition, “Stearns says, ‘We need more efforts to capture water- not to divert it’ “(2) McEwen also includes in “River Plan Too Fishy for my Taste Buds”. Stearns, a director of the Lyles Center of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, works at Fresno state and thinks that the project should not change the water but should try to save it. The project appears to change the water resources, but the sources and the drought show no connections to saving the water. McEwen includes this important person because he states an excellent point of view that will show any reader that the project lacks of importance. McEwen uses two important people to convince the reader that he obtains credibility and that the project should not...
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...salmon problems have been caused in large part by oceanic conditions and the environmental mess that is the San Joaquin-Sacramento Delta” McEwen commented in “River Plan Too Fishy for my Taste Buds”. He includes these studies to show his readers that the statements appear scientifically proven. McEwen includes this statement in his article to explain that the San Joaquin-Sacramento Delta complicates habitats, such as the salmon, which causes problems in California. The San Joaquin-Sacramento Delta contains oceanic conditions and environmental obstacles, which kills many of the salmon. In that matter, "...Congress now will spend $88 million in the first go-around to put thousands of Valley people out of work and to force an overdraft our ground aquifer by water-thirsty farmers" McEwen incorporates in "River Plan Too Fishy for my Taste Buds". McEwen informs his readers that California will need to spend too much money in trying to repair the water system. In addition, $88 million only covers the first round, more than one round will need to occur. The first round obtains a large amount of money, therefore if something goes wrong all that money will go to waste. McEwen provides great examples that proves that the project will gain no actual success due to many...
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...water, and distilled water from the sea. Groundwater is one of the conventional water resources in UAE which occurs in many different aquifers the availability of water in shallow aquifer is relatively small because of over abstractions of ground-water and it mainly rely on the rainfall which is low and might differ from one year to another From the average annual precipitation which the U.A.E. receives, 72 percent is lost to evaporation, 14 percent evaporates into the sea, and the rest 14 percent goes into the ground water table. Since precipitation is very low, there is an annual lack of 355 million cubic meters of water which must be got from subsurface sources (Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries 1981). This affects the water table, causing a shortage of water, dry wells, and problems for farmers. This shortfall has made the government to start updating irrigation and agricultural systems. In 1985, about 3,900 of the central region's plantations were influenced by water lack problems. To solve this problem and many other problems which face farmers in the U.A.E., the government set up the M.A.F. to redirect the nation's agricultural resources. For ease of administration the M.A.F. has divided the country into four major regions : south, central, north, and east. This division has helped in offering better services to farmers and saving time when it comes to growing and harvesting their crops. The site of each region was chosen to include area farmers and to include...
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...------------------------------------------------- Impact Achievements and Ways Forward Introduction Water is the resource that sustains all life on earth and is a key element of sustainable development. It is essential if human beings are to enjoy healthy and safe lives or realize social and economic development. Ecosystems are also inextricably linked with water. Water sustains humans’ health, food production, and economic development. But only 3 percent of Earth’s water is salt-free, or fresh water. Moreover, nearly 70 percent of fresh water is locked in glaciers and icebergs, and is not available for human use. The fresh water that is available comes from rain or from rivers, lakes, springs, and some groundwater reserves, such as aquifers. With the increasing demand on water for all aspects of sustainable development, water is becoming very scares all around the world! * Around 700 million people in 43 countries suffer today from water scarcity. * By 2025, 1.8 billion people will be living in countries or regions with absolute water scarcity, and two-thirds of the world's population could be living under water stressed conditions. * With the existing climate change scenario, almost half the world's population will be living in areas of high water stress by 2030, including between 75 million and 250 million people in Africa. In addition, water scarcity in some arid and semi-arid places will displace between 24 million and 700 million people. Water scarcity...
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...Activity Guide 2012-13 Sub-Theme-VI Energy Planning and Modelling Page 85 Activity Guide 2012-13 Working Group of the sub-theme Prof. A. Srinivasan Mr. Jayanta Kr Sarma Dr. Lalit Sharma Sheeraz Kirmani Dr. Kishor Kumar Baruah Mr. Sandeep Bhattacharjee Page 86 Activity Guide 2012-13 Energy Planning and Modelling 1. Introduction Planning is a process for developing a system and approach to fulfil a predefined goal and objectives on the basis of assessing the present scenario. Planning is meant for betterment. This betterment can be the strengthening resource base, efficient resource utilization and fulfilment of human needs. In case of energy planning it is targeted for meeting the present energy needs in an optimum and efficient way so that it may not destroy its ability to meet the future needs. Planning is a process for accomplishing purposes. It is a blue print of growth and a road map of development. It helps in deciding objectives both in quantitative and qualitative terms. It is setting of goals on the basis of objectives and keeping in the resources. A plan can play a vital role in helping to avoid mistakes or recognize hidden opportunities. Planning helps in forecasting the future, makes the future visible to some extent. It bridges between where we are and where we want to go. Planning is looking ahead. Forecasting is the process of making statements about events whose actual outcomes (typically) have not yet been observed. A commonplace example might be estimation...
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