...MARION FEBRUARY 23, 2013 INFT 101-MODULE/WEEK 6 ALTP SUMMARY INTRODUCTION Adult Learning Theories are formulated based on the intellect of adults. The obstacles one many have in their personal life that could hinder their performance. Instructors use these theories in order to structure the learning material and what criteria their students fall under. Every student is unique, their situation, circumstances, and life experiences differ from one another. The intention of adult learning theories are to give scholars an insight on the learning process. ARTICLE 1 The article written by Cari Kenner and Jason Weinerman goes into detail of how and why it is critical to consider and comprehend the different perspectives, culture differences, life experiences, and level of professionalism that adult learners can contribute to the learning environment. Instructors must be subjective when forming learning material. Adults are constantly learning new material to enhance their knowledge, for the purpose of advancing their career opportunities. In Andragogy, Knowles talks about the four principles of the average adult learner. Adults are obstinate, independent curious learners; they understand the process of learning as well the reason for learning a particular subject, and the benefit of learner to a certain degree. Adults have an objective for learning and it is absolutely critical for scholars as well as instructors to embrace the different aspects of learning (Knowles 1984). Strategic...
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...Feminists have productively established how the lives of sex workers, domestic servants, home-based workers and those who undergo grueling labour without pay, are also a part of global politics and the international economy (Hutchings et al., 2008, pg. 159). Feminist theory considers the effects of male dominance and how the socially constructed idea of “gender” affects international relations and its related fields. In essence it is not only simply about women, however, it is about the affiliation of masculinity and femininity as socially constructed groups that shape how we acknowledge and experience the political world. The differences that gender makes to global politics are vital to someone looking through a feminist lens. This also requires an individual to question whether or not it is appropriate to assume the characteristics of females (Ticker, 1997, pg. 616). Feminists within are international relations are troubled with a lot of misconceptions that leads to a negative perspective on feminism. Misconceptions such as: females are more “peaceful” than males and women being more nurturing and, therefore they have more peaceful ways to deal with world politics. Some might also believe that feminist IR theory associates global politics with issues surrounding women instead of the vital international relations topics such as wars, trades, security and etc (Tickner,...
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...Management, USA ABSTRACT We use the parable of the blind men and the elephant to suggest that Barney and Zhang (2009) and Whetten (2009) analogously touch on only a part of the Chinese management research puzzle. Their analyses remind us of many attempts at anchoring the research purpose – etic versus emic approaches, exploration versus exploitation approaches, rigor versus relevance scenarios – touched on by the many commentators in this issue. We suggest researchers first answer the ‘purpose’ questions before embarking on the research design. The research design should fit the purpose of the knowledge, which is either to improve the performance of Chinese organizations (meeting the relevance criterion) or to replicate, extend or refine a theory developed in the US (meeting the rigour criterion). We believe the strength of applied management research allows us to create knowledge that can meet the criteria of both rigour and relevance. We support the use of academic international research teams and dialectic debate as tools to move the field of Chinese management research forward. KEYWORDS context, polycontextuality, relevance, research team, rigour It was six men of Indostan To learning much inclined, Who went to see the Elephant (Though all of them were blind), That each by observation Might satisfy his mind. The Second, feeling of the tusk, Cried, “Ho! what have we here So very round and smooth and sharp? To me tis mighty clear This wonder of an Elephant Is very like...
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...Galileo is an excellent example of a typical Renaissance astronomer. Prior to the Renaissance, scholar’s blindly followed Aristotle and his works on the philosophy of nature. It wasn’t until the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries that scholars began to challenge the works of Aristotle. This is said to be one of the reasons for which the Renaissance came about. Before the Renaissance, almost all scholar’s were blind followers of Aristotle. His “tried and true” theories were somewhat of a habit and it was easier to have faith in his works rather than challenge the church and the majority of scholars at the time. Fortunately the Renaissance brought along a changed view on education and led to altered ways of thinking. Scholar’s began to use their senses as tools for learning, as well as reason and logic. In Galileo’s case he challenged many of Aristotle’s works, who was the leading philosopher at the time and was also supported by the church. More specifically Galileo rejected Aristotelian theories of motion and was led to create his own theories and publish his laws of motion in his Discourse on the Two New Sciences. In this publication it is clear that Galileo is not afraid to challenge the past and to publish new ideas that contradict past theories. “There is perhaps nothing in nature older than motion, about which volumes neither few nor small have been written by philosophers; yet I find many essentials of it that are worth knowing which have not yet been...
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...THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNICATION THEORIES: A Critique Paper Since the inception of communication as a discipline of knowledge, scholars have come up with many theories related to its components. In fact, the encyclopaedia of communication theories (Littlejohn, 2009) has identified more than 300 relevant theories, a testament that the field is already making a big wave in the academic arena. It has been a product of many minds converging into one vision – to enrich the communication field. However, it was not an easy road for these intellectual minds as they are confronted with issues that still need to be resolved. In this paper I will try to present first the rich beginning of communication theories and in light with this development context follows my presentation on the varied problems confronted the field of communication theories as well my personal views on the matter. Historical Beginning There are two insights into how communication theory came into being – the religious view and the philosophical aspect. Although most of communication theories book do not include the religious view, I find it necessary to take into account the dogmatic view to present the variations of its origin. The religious view is demonstrated in the Holy Bible especially in Genesis when God communicated with man and man had the ability to communicate with Him and with each other. It is no wonder then that other writers of Bible theorize about communication. Notably, the Old Testament portrays...
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...This opportunity has allowed scholars to present interpretations of variance” (NETESSAYS). Regardless of the fact that different scholars have had different outcomes, they all have found similar points of view “remain repetively concrete”. The different theories contemplate each other and help to explain what culture really is, the development a new ideology consisting of various ideas. The two main schools of thought that are regularly talked about in the analysis of culture is the Frankfurt School and the Birmingham school. They both are consist of well-known scholars, who share a common belief in the importance of analysis in this field. Through the in-depth analysis of both these scholars’ diverse studies, the identification of multiple similarities and differences between the two schools can be easily identified. The observations gathered by both the Frankfurt and the Birmingham school “prove complementary to each other”, as they work in harmony to help us to further understand what culture really is. Firstly, the Frankfurt school scholars of note, who expressed similar viewpoints on this matter are Theodor Adorno, Walter Benjamin and Max Horkheimer. These scholars developed powerful analyses of the changes in Western capitalist societies that occurred since the classical theory of Marx. The Frankfurt school originated in Germany, by a young Marxist philosopher. His Marxist beliefs became...
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...Chapter 1 Question 1 | 6.25 out of 6.25 points | | Which of the following is NOT an image used to describe theories? | | | | | Selected Answer: | C. Baskets | Correct Answer: | C. Baskets | | | | | Question 2 | 0 out of 6.25 points | | The content and form of a text is usually by the communicator | | | | | Selected Answer: | C. crafted | Correct Answer: | D. all of the above | | | | | Question 3 | 6.25 out of 6.25 points | | Communication scholars believe that words don't mean things, people mean things. | | | | | Selected Answer: | True | Correct Answer: | True | | | | | Question 4 | 0 out of 6.25 points | | Condit suggests that communication is a process of | | | | | Selected Answer: | B. transferring information | Correct Answer: | A. relating | | | | | Question 5 | 0 out of 6.25 points | | Griffin claims that some scholars refer to communication study as a/an | | | | | Selected Answer: | A. intersecting science | Correct Answer: | B. crossroads discipline | | | | | Question 6 | 6.25 out of 6.25 points | | Theories should be informed through | | | | | Selected Answer: | D. all of the above | Correct Answer: | D. all of the above | | | | | Question 7 | 6.25 out of 6.25 points | | Words and symbols are open to multiple interpretations, making them | | | | ...
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...The practitioner-scholar model, often called the Vail model, is a training model for graduate programs that is focused on clinical practice. It was developed primarily to train clinical psychologist was adopted by other specialty programs. According to this model, a psychologist is a scholar, a consumer of research, and a highly-trained professional practitioner who applies knowledge and techniques to solve problems of clients. The analyses explains the differences between the practitioner-scholar and scholar-practitioner models. Understanding the Practitioner-Scholar and Scholar-Practitioner Models A scholar is a learned person who has applied their education to the to their specialized environment. Intensive theory and research formed their concept of a practitioner. We often think of practitioners as a person in the medical community. According to recent research, the term practitioner is being used for other professions also. It takes hard work and extreme dedication to be considered a practitioner. The fact that effective practitioners require an experiential knowledge base, their formal education is composed largely of didactic learning, whether in the physical or virtual classroom, grounded in theory and in research that presumably underlies’ practice expertise (American Association, 2003). A common buzzword used in graduate programs today is Scholar-Practitioner model...
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...ßCultural-Competence Assignment Introduction The purpose of this essay is to firstly understand the arguments between McSweeney and Hofstede about national cultures. The argument starts on the Hoftstede’s published book Culture’s Consequences. Hoftstede’s cultural dimensions theory has got popular and in the same time criticised by other scholars, while McSweeney is one of the scholars who have been critising the cultural dimensions on people from different nations. This essay will firstly summarise the ideas and arguments of both of McSweeney and Hofstede in order to develop the understanding about the reasons why they are conflicting with each other on the cultural dimension theories. Following the summary of the two scholars ideas and argument, this essay will discuss the agreement and disagreement of both scholars. Reflection on this course on national culture will be specified as well in order to show whether my personal understanding about culture has been changed or improved. Summary of the ideas and argument of both McSweeney and Hofstede * McSweeney’s argument McSweeney expresses his doubts about Hoftstede’s model of national cultural differences and their consequences. The criticism that McSweeney has on the theory of Hoftstede’s cultural dimensions based on the description of national cultural differences in the Culture’s Consequences published in 1980 (McSweeney, 2002). First of all, the methodology applied in the research of Hoftstede’s model is critised by McSweeney...
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...Book review By Johnson, Nsikak Emmanuel 11/SS/PA/1095 Department of Political Science and Public Administration Faculty of Social Sciences University of Uyo, Uyo. Submitted To Dr Uko Uwak Lecturer in change Pol 314; Politics of Development and Underdevelopment Department of political science and public administration Faculty of Social Sciences University of Uyo, Uyo. July, 2014. BOOK REVIEW Title: Development and underdevelopment: Politics of the north-south divide Author: O. O. Okereke/ A. E. Ekpe Place of Publication: Enugu-Nigeria Publishers: John Jacobs Classic Publishers Ltd. Year of publication: 2002 Numbers of Chapters: Nine Chapters Price of the book: Not Stated Numbers of pages: XV + 198 = 213 ISBN: 978-050-276-9 Reviewer: Johnson, Nsikak Emmanuel INTRODUCTION - PURPOSE OF THE BOOK Development and underdevelopment: The politics of the north-south divide is written specifically to keep the students and the general public abreast of the causes and reasons for Africa, Asia and Latin America Perpetual underdevelopment despite the enormous human and materials resources God deposited in the continent. According to the author of the book, development and underdevelopment: Politics of the north-south divide was written with the intention to familiarize the readers with exciting and challenging subject of political economy of development and underdevelopment. It endeavour to expose the students to various strands of perspectives that are inherent...
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...LIBERTY UNIVERSITY THE SYNOPTIC PROBLEM A RESEARCH PAPER SUBMITTED TO DR. CAROL A. THOMAS IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE COURST NBST 525 LIBERTY BAPTIST THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY BY LYNCHBURG, VIRGINIA , 2013 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 EXPLORATION OF THE SYNOPTIC GOSPELS........................................................................1 ORAL THEORY.............................................................................................................................2 THE TWO-SOURCE HYPOTHESIS.............................................................................................3 THE GREISBACH HYPOSTHESIS..............................................................................................4 THE FARRER-GOULDER HYPOTHESIS...................................................................................5 THE AUGUSTINE HYPOSTHESIS..............................................................................................6 DEFENSE OF THE SYNOPTIC PROBLEM................................................................................6 CONCLUSION...............................................................................................................................7 BIBLIOGRAPHY...........................................................................................................................9 INTRODUCTION At first, one reads the words “Synoptic Problem” and assumes the worst. The expression...
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...Introduction Richard Delgado and Jean Stefanic in their book Critical Race Theory (CRT) address different issues but the main focus was the product of social thought and power in our society through the scope of race and racism Delgado, & Stefancic, 2001). Critical race theory is a movement that both scholars and activists from different countries like Australia, Canada, India, England and Spain are involved in an attempt to address what they feel is one of society problem not only in the United States but also other countries: Race and its implication on society. The book challenges a different range of racial thinking by drawing ideas from a wide scope of modern scholars thoughts on CRT and the prevalence of racial inequality in...
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...Book Review Public Administration in Perspective: Theory and Practice Through Multiple Lenses by Dr. David John Farmer. [Name] [Affiliated institution] Public Administration in Perspective: Theory and Practice Through Multiple Lenses chapter 6-8. Dr. John David Farmer presents some good piece of work in his book on Public Administration in Perspective: Theory and Practice Through Multiple Lenses. Numerous facts can be drawn from this book. Dr. Farmer juxtaposes the eleven perspectives that public administration stand on. These are neuroscience, feminist, ethical, data, political, post-structural, critical theory, psychoanalytic, traditional, business and economic. Another fact that Dr. John tries to put across is that there is no definite definition of public administration. Public administration can enrich its understanding by letting lose its intellectual boundary instead of tightening it. Farmer say that planning, underlying public administration, management, the nature of public administration field and imaginative creativity are five core functions in public administration. Public administration has some historic information that defines and is not supposed to be tampered with in any manner whatsoever. However, supplement knowledge broadens it. Public administration should stand on its own as a course, though for it to be successful. Reference and borrowing from other disciplines is also important. Farmer stand on public administration is Epistemic Pluralism...
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...studies. The findings led the researchers to estimate that in the United States, 15% of the population exhibit what may be called ‘categorical whiteness’ (404). The study by Hartmann, et.al, was carried out using data obtained during a recent national survey, which helped provide an empirical assessment of the theoretical underpinnings of whiteness studies (Hartmann, et.al 404). Three propositions regarding the awareness and conception of whites about their own racial status were analyzed. The propositions included: the understanding of racial privileges, the invisibility of the white identity, and adherence to individualistic and color-blind ideals. The findings turned out to be consistent with those previously spelled out in whiteness theories. Hartmann, et.al, discovered that white Americans are much less aware of privilege compared to individuals belonging to minority groups...
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...Management theories IJMR 2007managerial and relational Reviews of corporate social responsibility © Blackwell Journal of Ltd 2007 1460-8545 Oxford, UK ARTICLES Blackwell Publishing Ltd Utilitarian, managerial and relational theories of corporate social responsibility Davide Secchi Concepts and theories of corporate social responsibility (CSR) have been examined and classified by scholars since the mid-1970s. However, owing to the evolving meaning of CSR and the huge number of scholars who have begun to analyze the issue in recent years fresh efforts are needed to understand new developments. Since there is a great heterogeneity of theories and approaches, the task remains a very hard one, mainly because heterogeneity derives from multi-disciplinary diversity. The criterion for selection is to consider the role that theorists confer to the firm. Following this idea, three groups of theories have been discerned: (1) the utilitarian group, in which the corporation is intended as a maximizing ‘black box’ where problems of externalities and social costs emerge; (2) the managerial category, where problems of responsibility are approached from inside the firm (internal perspective); (3) relational theories, or those in which the type of relations between the firm and the environment are at the center of the analysis. The three perspectives allow the reader to understand the most significant differences between the various theories of CSR. The objective is to classify the theories and to...
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