...plants and animals; • Values practical things you can see, touch, and use like plants and animals, tools, equipment, or machines; and • Sees self as practical, mechanical, and realistic. Investigative • Likes to study and solve math or science problems; generally avoids leading, selling, or persuading people; • Is good at understanding and solving science and math problems; • Values science; and • Sees self as precise, scientific, and intellectual. Artistic • Likes to do creative activities like art, drama, crafts, dance, music, or creative writing; generally avoids highly ordered or repetitive activities; • Has good artistic abilities -- in creative writing, drama, crafts, music, or art; • Values the creative arts -- like drama, music, art, or the works of creative writers; and • Sees self as expressive, original, and independent. Social • Likes to do things to help people -- like, teaching, nursing, or giving first aid, providing information; generally avoids using machines, tools, or animals to achieve a goal; • Is good at teaching, counseling, nursing, or giving information; • Values helping people and solving social problems; and • Sees self as helpful, friendly, and trustworthy. Enterprising • Likes to lead and persuade people, and to sell things and ideas; generally avoids activities that require...
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...my academic and social life. Conducting research helped me to understand that science and life in general, is a trial and error process. Initially I became frustrated when my experiments did not produce the intended outcomes. However, overtime I realized that the reality was that research required patience and perseverance. Making mistakes allows researchers and people in general, to learn from their mistakes and improve for the future. This was a powerful lesson that I believe will benefit me for throughout my entire career at UMBC and beyond. Despite the challenges I face as a student and eventually a professional, it is important to continue to push through the disappointments. I was given the research opportunity to help with a research project, but I believe that the experience helped me more then the organization. It helped to build my personal confidence after past difficulties in my science courses during my college career. I realized that a mistake was not an example of failure, but instead a lesson to help strengthen an individual for the future....
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...Abstract This paper explores the nature of science as studied by G. Lederman (2007). Particular attention is paid to the epistemological questions and the ontological status of the nature of science. Epistemologically, the article seeks a definition of science, its nature and how it is acquired and accepted .The key ontological concerns are the form of existence of Nature of science. The paper intends to critically study the issues that arise. Key words: Nature Of Science. Epistemology. Ontology Introduction Extensive research efforts for over 100 years or so have focused on the goal of enhancing learners’ scientific literacy (Lederman, 2007, Akpan 2013, Mc Ilelland, Zinyeka, 2013, http://www.saarmste.org). Embedded in scientific literacy is scientific practice which relies on scientific language (Akpan , 2013, Kourany, 1998 and Lederman , 2007). Argumentation in the language is what is pictured as underpinning the nature of science views and that the converse is true. Lederman (2007), considers science as constituting body of knowledge, method and the value of beliefs inherent to scientific knowledge and development. Zinyeka (2013) defines epistemology as the justification of claimed knowledge within a specific discipline and ontology as the form of existence of something. The Epistemological Question There is no consensus about what the nature of science is or is not among scholars. (Lederman, 2007, p 835) explains that “ nature of science refers to the epistemological underpinnings...
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...The Challenge of Communicating Science to the Public By Charles R. Chappell and James Hartz Developments in science and technology affect virtually every aspect of our lives, from our physical health to the kinds of cars that we drive. Improvements in technology have contributed substantially to increased productivity in U.S. industry. Yet in recent years, political pressures to balance the federal budget have eroded the proportion of the budget devoted to basic research, the underpinning of scientific and technological advances. Scientists have understood the potentially debilitating consequences of this, but many citizens have not. President Clinton's budget for fiscal 1999 would begin to reverse this trend, if Congress accepts his proposals, but our information media still need to do a much better job of helping scientists communicate the substance and importance of their work. As visiting scholars at the Freedom Forum's First Amendment Center at Vanderbilt University, we conducted a survey of 2,000 journalists and editors and 2,000 scientists and engineers to determine how the two groups felt about each other. We also wanted to find ways to improve their relationship and thus increase the amount of accurate and useful scientific information in the media. The results of the survey, published in our recent report, "Worlds Apart," showed that neither scientists nor journalists think the media do a good job of explaining science to the public. We asked both groups to rate...
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...Science for All Americans Name: Ellen Clinton Read this article Science for All Americans (web article) before you come to lab. Answer the following questions about the Science for All Americans article: 1. What are some of the assumptions scientists make about understanding the world and universe? They assume all things happening in the world and universe are in accordance with each other, i.e., happening in patterns that, with the help of tools to increase human senses, can be discovered through careful, deliberate study. They also believe the universe is a single entity in which the basic rule apply throughout to every atom 2. Science is a process for producing knowledge. What is this process dependent on? It is dependent upon the careful study and observation of the world and universe, and then creating theories that can be tested and possibly disproven from these observations. Without the possibility of disproving theories, the process of producing knowledge would come to a complete and utter halt. 3. Most “scientific knowledge is durable”. What does this mean? It means it will stand the test of time. Although science is subject to change, the knowledge that we have now has to be disproven, and therefore, is “durable.” 4. Can all questions humans ask be answered scientifically (i.e., using scientific investigation? No. Many questions humans ask deal with the supernatural, i.e. miracles, the existence of ghosts. Science can neither prove these types of...
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...Understanding Science For many people, science is something to be dreaded – boring math problems and pointless information. Science, however, plays an important part in the world around us. Not only does science rule every part of the human life, from the inner workings of the body to DNA, but it also explains the world that we live in. Even though, many times, science is looked at as an annoying extension of math and, therefore, something to be despised, understanding it can be extremely helpful in understanding our own lives. Science allows us to understand and answer the big questions that cause many people to turn to religion and their beliefs. Science is a way of understanding the world through examination and testing. It can be defined “as the process of observing and questioning the world around us. We also sometimes call the things that we learn through experimentation science” (Red Orbit). As such, science is the process of studying and testing theories to create a hypothesis. It is a very broad subject matter and encompasses many branches, most ending with the –ology suffix, meaning the study of. Biology, for example, is the study of the life where Geology is the study of the earth. People that study biology and geology are scientists because they follow the scientific method, “the most powerful method ever invented by humans to obtain relevant and reliable knowledge about nature. In fact, it is really the only method we have for discovering reliable knowledge –...
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...Europe saw a vast set of changes during the 16th and 17th century that would lay out the groundwork for the scientific revolution. Just as Europe saw major changes in their political system with the addition of mercantilism, sciences witnessed a major reform in their field. Scientists such as Galileo and Copernicus contributed greatly to the astronomical sciences. Other like Newton discovered completely new theories and ideas. All of these scientists were affected by similar political and religious factors. The works of scientists were both negatively affected by the Church, who oppressed new scientific ideas and positively by political leaders who became patrons and helped scientists. The Church had a great amount of power over science at...
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...GSU also has a Hispanic office, where Hispanic students can receive information on programs and scholarships. If you have participated in research prior to the Plus 8, how does this research experience differ from your other experience? (Please discuss the research setting differences and Research Advisor interactions) The lab setting, compared to my recent research experience at Georgia State Perimeter College, is different as far as the the equipment used to do research and the surroundings. The lab has marine life in it and hundreds of different samples of fossilized marine life. The Research advisor is very helpful, she is available when ever I need her. She has given me resources when it comes to classifying shells. She has also shown me how tell the difference between shells and what to look for. If you could improve one thing (regarding your research experience) thus far, what would it be? I would work more closely with the other undergrad students and try to communicate with them more...
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...ON RESEARCH TOPIC: WHAT IS SCIENCE? TOPIC: Dispelling Misconceptions; Physical and Natural Sciences are not superior over Social Sciences. TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract. 3 Introduction 4 Recommendations 22 REFERENCES 25 Abstract. Science in general is a great and highly developed human enterprise. Its intricacies are clearly not limited to the scientists alone, but it is essential for the entire human race. If we think of science as a space within the larger space of society then it is at the interfaces between these two spaces that human beings are involved with science. To see this interface clearly from the space of science is not the same as seeing it as a mere collection of facts that should be construed to be true and nothing but the truth. Science is beyond facts, ideals and thoughts. It is a process and a model that has undergone tests, been tried, reviewed and accepted as a true representation of the processes and occurrences in the natural world However, due to the broad nature of science, and the work, time and resources involved in pursuit of knowledge in different science fields which entails different interests, and thereby different values too; and the different possibilities of knowledge about different subjects, has lead to a myopic misconception by the science practitioners that Physical...
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...Study Guide for Chapter One Test Know the following terms: Theory—set of assumptions used to explain phenomena and offered for scientific study Hypothesis—assumption or prediction about behavior that is test through scientific research Scientific Method—general approach to gathering information and answering questions so that errors and biases are minimized Psychology—scientific study of behavior that is tested through scientific research Dualism Free Association Dream Analysis Heredity—all traits and properties that are passed along biologically from parent to child Physiological—having to do with an organism’s physical processes Introspection Psychiatry You should know the definition/major characteristics of the three Historical Approaches and the six Contemporary Approaches: Functionalism—psychologist who studied the function of consciousness structuralism—psychologist who studied the basic elements that make up conscious mental experiences inheritable traits—heredity influences a person’s abilities, character, and behavior Humanism—psychologist who believes that each person has freedom in directing his or her future and achieving personal growth psychoanalysis—studies how unconscious motives and conflicts determine human behavior, feelings, and thoughts cognitive—organism’s thinking and understanding behaviorism—analyzes how organisms learn or modify their behavior based on their response to events in the environment biological—impact...
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...progress in different areas of knowledge. Candidate Name: Einar Ragnar Jónsson Candidate Number: 000975-009 School Name: Menntaskólinn við Hamrahlíð Session: May 2010 Word Count: 1595 words 1 Name: Einar Ragnar Jónsson Session: May 2010 Candidate Number: 000975-‐009 Empirical evidence has been viewed as a very prominent method of attempting to ‘prove’ something and can be applied to many of the areas of knowledge. The human sciences and natural sciences, for example, use empirical evidence to support theorems and laws, but is empirical evidence as applicable for, say, the Arts? To explore what is ‘true’ in the areas of knowledge, empirical evidence is applicable with certain limitations. ‘Empirical’ means “originating in or based on observation or experience”1 and ‘evidence’ is defined as “a thing or things helpful in forming a conclusion or judgment“2. From this, we can roughly define empirical evidence as ‘a thing helpful in forming conclusions/justifications based on observations and experience’. To attain empirical evidence, we rely on our sense perception, which provides the observations, reason, which allows for induction, and language, for communication to use the evidence. Emotion plays an important role with empirical research, especially in terms of experience as evidence. Empirical evidence insinuates that something must be proven, but is this really applicable in the areas of knowing, which don’t “seek”...
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...different areas of knowledge. Candidate Name: Einar Ragnar Jónsson Candidate Number: 000975-009 School Name: Menntaskólinn við Hamrahlíð Session: May 2010 Word Count: 1595 words 1 Name: Einar Ragnar Jónsson Session: May 2010 Candidate Number: 000975-‐009 Empirical evidence has been viewed as a very prominent method of attempting to ‘prove’ something and can be applied to many of the areas of knowledge. The human sciences and natural sciences, for example, use empirical evidence to support theorems and laws, but is empirical evidence as applicable for, say, the Arts? To explore what is ‘true’ in the areas of knowledge, empirical evidence is applicable with certain limitations. ‘Empirical’ means “originating in or based on observation or experience”1 and ‘evidence’ is defined as “a thing or things helpful in forming a conclusion or judgment“2. From this, we can roughly define empirical evidence as ‘a thing helpful in forming conclusions/justifications based on observations and experience’. To attain empirical evidence, we rely on our sense perception, which provides the observations, reason, which allows for induction, and language, for communication to use the evidence. Emotion plays an important role with empirical research, especially in terms of experience as evidence. Empirical evidence insinuates that something must be proven, but is this really applicable in the areas of knowing, which...
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...other subjects such as abortion, and assisted suicide have been a controversial religious discussion. Cloning is a huge step not only in science, but it could be beneficial to farming, medicine, cosmetics, and more. Cloning can help someone one who needs an organ, or even endangered animals. For many years, scientists have been researching stem cells. Stem cells are an cell that is able to develop into ay one of different kinds of cells. This means that someone who has a failing heart, may be able to finally live normally. Stem cells would help repair the heart. "Stem cells can even cure some diseases such as a cancer called acute leukemia, like in Patricia Durante’s story. Patricia was diagnosed with acute leukemia six months into her pregnancy. After the birth of her daughter, she was given six months to live. The stem cells from her daughter’s umbilical cord blood were transplanted into her. Several years later she is in full remission. Her daughter saved her life with her blood that came from her umbilical cord." (Chronicle, Cranford. "Stem Cells Are Beneficial." N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Dec. 2014.) Another thing that stem cell cloning is capable of doing, is helping burn victims. Stem cells help repair scar tissue and damaged skin. This would relieve the victim of burns of the pain and embarrassment of their handicap. Not only is cloning helpful to medicine, it also could play a huge part in our agriculture. Not only could farmers raise cloned animals to supply organs for humans...
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...Common Sense and Science as Sources of Knowledge There are many sources of knowledge as the society progresses. In this case, the most controversial question would be whether or not common sense can be accounted as a reliable source of knowledge? Although both common sense and science can be taken into account as sources of knowledge, I will argue that to some extent common sense and scientific knowledge are still very different from one another. That is, scientific knowledge is much more highly valued and reliable than common sense. By definition, common sense is a knowledge that is developed from daily basis, and is primarily based on the viewer’s observation, while scientific knowledge is generated from a constant formal of testing in the real world. In this essay, I will discuss the weaknesses and strengths of common sense and scientific knowledge and defend my position for why scientific knowledge is generally regarded as more reliable and authoritative than common sense. In this section, I will discuss the main strengths of common sense and science. Arthur E. Murphy, an American philosopher, believed that the ability to learn by experience is the most fundamental factor in our intellectual progress. On one hand, namely, common sense is both common and sensible. That is, common sense beliefs can be easily observed by individuals and it is rather comprehensible. Science, on the other hand, uses a rational methodology. Also, along with that science further understanding...
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...completely new way to cook”. The text evidence shows that it was completely a mistake that Percy made and the mistake led to a great discovery that greatly affects us today. The last passage in the group was called “In Praise of Careful Science”. This article had plenty of reasons to prove that mistakes, do help to make new and innovative discoveries. One example of when the passage shows this is when it says “without mistakes, no discoveries can be made”. The author who wrote this has similar thinking to how I thought of it. Another quote from the passage is “the typical role of a mistake in science is not to lead to a brilliant invention, but to teach a scientist how to do better next time”. This may slightly contradict my claim but it still proves that making mistakes can improve or help discover new ideas. In reading these articles, many of the stories show that a person in it or a group of people are showing signs of doubt. But in each of the passages at the end, something new is always discovered. To me this says that making mistakes can lead to a discovery. However mistakes are mistakes and they can really mess up whatever you are trying to do. In the long run if you look back at your faults they will show you what not to do which may be more helpful than getting it right the first time....
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