...Plato Sample Answer Part (a) | | | Philosophy - Plato | Explain Plato's Analogy of the Cave (25 marks).This was written in 30 minutes in timed conditions.In Republic book VII Plato explains his analogy of the cave (an analogy is a simple story that has metaphorical meaning). Plato uses the analogy to help describe his philosophical position on the main difference between the physical world and the World of Forms (WoF). He believes that his analogy could clearly explain to others why the physical or world of sense experience was nothing but an illusion; that true reality must be found in the eternal unchanging World of Forms.Plato's analogy begins in a cave. The cave is meant to represent the physical world or the world of sense experience. A number of prisoners are bound by their necks and legs so that they cannot turn around. They have been this way since birth and know no other life than this. Behind the prisoners are a low wall, a walkway and a fire that burns. From time to time individuals carry objects like marionettes in front of the fire and shadows are cast against the wall in front of them. The prisoners observe the shadows that flicker before them and have developed a game over time. They try to predict the movements of the shadows. They associate the sounds made by the individuals with the shadows as this is all they know. They think of them as true reality.The prisoners in this case represent the ignorant unenlightened individuals yet to discover philosophical...
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...E. O. Wilson is quoted saying “Science and religion are the two most powerful forces in the world. Having them at odds is not productive.” Religion is found everywhere. Religion is defined as “a set of beliefs concerning the cause, nature, and purpose of the universe” (“religion”). Everyone puts their faith and trust into something. Most people would not put the idea of religion and the genre of science fiction in the same category, but these two ideas are intertwined. In Charles Darwin’s book The Origin of Species, he stated that creation was “originally breathed [to life] by the Creator” (Connor 368). Even a well-known scientist such as Darwin included ideas of religion in his theories. Science fiction has elements within that can...
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...In this book, I had assumed that this would be- because of what school I attend- a book that has to do with sorting all science into two categories: under God or mythical and falling into a pseudo-science. The author, Francis Collins proves me wrong by creating a professional view on the "religion vs. science" debate and putting it all into words. In this book, Collins follows of a Kantian-like tradition from not Michael Gardner but rather authors such as German philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724-1804), attempting while not specifically naming the logician to combine the practical and the supernatural theories and views, the cold logical reason and the more emotional reason. In a three-part book, Collins successfully combines religion and science all into one central idea. In the first part of this book, Collins reveals his atheism-driven past and his later outlook towards a theistic-like worldview. He begins the book by rhetorically asking the readers a central question: “In this modern era of cosmology, evolution, and the human genome, is there still the possibility of a richly satisfying harmony...
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...incredible phenomenon is usually met with attempts to understand it from members of the religion and science community. Both religion and science have had its stake in determining things like the universe’s function, moral law, mankind’s purpose, etc. The two have heavily influenced humanity’s thoughts regarding life, but some would agree that they do not always see eye to eye. The questions that will be raised in this research are: Are science and religion mutually exclusive? Is there any overlap between the two? Can science plausibly support claims made by religion; and religion support the claim made by scientific discoveries? In due course, this paper is an attempt to provide plausibility for a coherent view that supports the idea of the two are compatible with each other. Webster defines science as:...
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...that God and Darwin can coexist. Mendel was interested in heredity and did major work in the development of the study of the genetics of plants before the science was even beginning to be developed. Historically issues of faith and science have collided and I would think that both theology and science have its place in the world as the search for knowledge continues. Religious Fundamentalism which requires a literal interpretation of the Bible as a substitute for science is bad theology and bad for science, and mistakenly puts the science and theology at war assuming that there is only one truth and it exists in one place and is not subject to any further interpretation. Simil arly mean spirited materialistic science which negates or belittles theology is similarly wrong headed and denies much of the basis from which it came. Historically I believe that both science and theology have their place in explaining man's and or women's place in the universe and their relation to other living beings. For much of history churches and religious orders have done much to support what has come to be known as a scientific study of the universe. Galileo explained that the Earth and the other planets revolved around the sun and that has come to be accepted. Earlier church teaching were eventually discarded as mistaken and both science and theology have moved forward. Good...
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...Faith and Science Ther are several principle Albl uses as guidelines for believers use of religion and science. All his principles appear to provide an appropriate balance between religion and science. These principles allow us to use religion and science with an outlook somewhere between fideism and nonoverlapping magisterium (NOMA). Religion should not be too rigid or close-minded and science alone cannot explain the transcedent. Of all Albl’s priciples, I believe that dialogue between religion and science allows each to influence the other is the most relevant (95). This principle directly relates to the work of Pierre Teilhard de Chardin and Jay Goulds NOMA concept (Albl 88). Science operates in the empirical realm whereas religion operates in the spiritual realm. Science provides explanations for why the universe is the way it is. Religion on the other hand provides explanations for what transcendent entity created the universe. Yet if it were not for religion perhaps most of the scientific theories we believe today would not exist. The spiritual connection with the transcendent provides the motivation for scientists to explore and answer the unanswered. This includes scientists who are non-believers as well. Scientists who are non-believers seek to answer questions, which will provide substantial theories for transcendence. This why religion and science having a dialogue between them is crucial to there existence and evolution. It is ideal when scientists develop theories...
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...INTRODUCTION Is science a religion? This topic has been debated by many creationists and scientists alike. The philosophy of science makes no claims to knowledge about the supernatural or metaphysical and, by not so doing, is left with an enterprise that although hugely successful is also permanently on trial (Manne, 2010). The only thing scientists can agree upon is the empirical nature of science, but the steps from observations to theory are not without philosophical problems. DISCUSSION Thomas Kuhn thinks that scientific paradigms are essentially pictures of the world that are consistent with observations and logically coherent. But such pictures are necessarily always incomplete, at least until such time as we know everything, and our minds seem to struggle to accept this; it seems like there is an aesthetic compulsion to create harmonious images, even if that means filling in the spaces with metaphysical constructs. Andrew Brown states that the dictionary is wrong; science can be a religion too. He explains that if you strictly use the dictionary definition of science then it cannot be considered a religion, but if you look at science objectively you can see how it could be considered one. He makes a strong argument that religion has too many definitions for science to not be considered one. Richard Dawkins believes the opposite. He states that science is based upon verifiable evidence. Religious faith not only lacks evidence, its independence from evidence is its main...
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...Religion and Science: The relationship between science and religion up until the 6th century were one in the same. Philosophers believed that natural occurrences were due to a divine power. Earthquakes and thunderstorms were merely upset gods showing their wrath. Individuals sought to learn the language of the gods to comprehend these phenomena. After the 6th century, new ideas formed that excluded the gods. These philosophers did not personify nature. They believed the world to be orderly and predictable. This brought on a renaissance of thought. By examining everything up to this point in history, the distinction between science and religion became clear. This rift spawned modern thought and science as we know it. Primitive science originated from man’s desire to speak to the gods and learn about natural phenomena in the world. Almost all of the ancient civilizations (Egyptians, Babylonians, etc.) had myths and beliefs about the origin of the human race and the formation of major topographical features. Up until about the 6th century, people believed in demon possessions, ghosts, and a variety of other invisible ailment-causing entities. They also believed that magic rituals allowed one to control these anomalies. Such individuals were generally held in esteem amongst the community. The reason why such myths were taken as fact for so long is attributed to the notion of “oral tradition.” Oral tradition was a method of keeping culture alive before there was a written record...
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...Boson’s conflict with Theology Klynton Rhodes Georgia Southern University The Higgs Boson’s conflict with Theology A scientific discovery is also a religious discovery. There is no conflict between science and religion. Our knowledge of God is made larger with every discovery we make about the world. –Joseph H. Taylor Jr, God Evidence According to Steve Paulson (2010) “The debate over science and religion is like catnip for anyone wanting to spout off about the improbability of God or the arrogance of scientists”(p.1). Since I was young I remember being told that no matter what I learned in science class about evolution, or the big bang, that God was real. According to Dr. Agustin Fuentes of Psychology today “There are some factions of Christianity whose leaders (and thus their followers) express adamant opposition to “evolution” and this is often used as the key example in the science vs. religion conflict.” Examples of controversial scientific discoveries such as cloning, and genetic manipulation, are considered to be inhumane. In my opinion God created science for humans to better understand the world he created, and according to Steve Paulson (2010) Albert Einstein shared my belief demonstrated when he stated “ Science without religion is lame; religion without science is blind” (p.3). It is well known that some people believe that the universe was started with the big bang as well as the subsequent reactions that followed. This brings into the discussion the Higgs...
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...Russian Revolution taking place What replaces it? “The Modern Age” parallels “Return to Normalcy” what does that mean? Science better at understanding the world than religion Individuals have the right to choose their own lifestyles Women control their minds and bodies More rights for minorities? Reactions? The New Traditionalists God trumps science Bible is the ONLY source of morality Women are subservient to men Immigrants are subservient to white Anglo-Saxon men 1920s The New Era The Roaring Twenties Rise of automobile, gangsters, rise of the radio & other gadgets and appliances The Jazz Age Clash of old & new values The Economy after the war… Switch from war to peace initially difficult Gets re-cranked up by 1922-1923 United states’ industry still intact after war, unlike Europe Becomes world’s top producer of consumer products Middle class expands greatly What about the lower classes? Same problems as before Too much prosperity for middle class to care!!! Rise of consumer spending on new fangled items Luxuries become necessities Auto Industry Urban and rural more closely connected Changes social mores Mores= social values Related businesses expand too Becomes dominant American business Why? Advertising in the Modern Age New focus-???? New target-???? Does this work?- yes New Religion, Old Religion Liberal Christianity Fundamentalism National debate Scopes Monkey...
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...Running Header: Secularism vs. Religion 1 Secularism vs. Religion Patricia Nash HIS 104 World Civilizations II Instructor: Kristy Nelson May 18, 2013 Secularism vs. Religion 2 It took the courage of one man to change the way religion was looked upon along the way for others to see that there was more of a choice out there for them. Religion was and is the way one has their own beliefs, what to them is truth, to which way they should be lead in. Each religion believes in something different from another and most of them all believe in one God, only a few does not. The world had outgrown just one religion therefore, when Martin Luther and King Henry decided to separate themselves from the church many more had emerged. Secularism identifies it’s self as something called 'religion' and separate it from the domains of the state, the economy and science. Secularism is the realization that God’s will be done plus the natural evolution of universal morality. Christianity was the spiritual identity of one’s soul, beliefs, spirituality, social, and political foundation. Then those from other countries believed that Christianity provided spiritual connections, organizing principles, and inspirations for their identity. Believers were united by their faith as well as...
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...Marilynne Robinsons “Freedom of thought” essay tackles modern science along with sacredness of religion. Robinson shatters the ideas that science and religion struggle for the same piece of turf. She writes about early scientific endeavors and the modern tendency to see religion as a universal part of human nature that is part of our rational thoughts. Robinson writes “Be that as it may, the effect of this idea, which is very broadly assumed to be true, is again to reinforce the notion that science and religion are struggling for possession of a single piece of turf, and science holds the high ground and gets to choose the weapons”. She opposes these statements and believes religion and science are not in conflict with each other but it is merely an assumption made by the modern society that is America. The bold statement stiffens the notion that religion and science are involved in a cold war environment. Today many are intrigued by the idea of science and how the world came to existence and with more discoveries about the world the more people are going to choose a side whether that is fact (science) or fiction (religion). Robinson can try to break the idea of religion vs. science but in the modern world its either you’re an atheist or u pick a religion. Think about the times when science books were being burned by Christians on account of the books going against God and made man seem as if he found how life was truly created. While on the opposing side scientists...
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...Traditional views vs. Modernism The 1920’s were a time of great change in the United States of America. There were many new idea on how things should work socially, politically and economically. Many of these ideas created conflicts between modern and traditional views. Traditional views included of having a strong faith, did not believe science over faith, in support of the prohibition, and found jazz music and the flapper culture distasteful. On the other side modern views included of favoring science over faith, disagreed with the prohibition, and was in favor of jazz music and the flapper culture. The 1920’s was an exciting time in America, however there was a immense clash between modern and traditional views. One of the most contradicting views that these two groups had was whether to believe religion over science or vice versa. Traditionalist favored religion while modernist favored science. In a Tennessee high school in the year of 1925, John Scopes; a substitute teacher, was accused of teaching evolution to a state funded school. This went against Tennessee’s Butler Act, which stated that it was unlawful to teach...
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...and a continual search for evidence to prove once and for all if indeed God exists, or not. In this paper I plan to discuss the above topics, and provide evidence to support my assessment. The social influence on religion, the mind and science will be the primary area of focus. The Existence of God Statement of Research Problem Intuition can be defined as the ability to understand something immediately, without the need for conscious reasoning (Wikipedia). I will also include a personal definition for intuition: Intuition is the inherent spiritual compass that is used by man to guide his/her steps along the proverbial pathway of life. Some to validate their reason for belief in religion uses this spiritual compass. Others believe it only exists on a personal level, independent of any internal or external spiritual influence. Some believe in a spiritual element of life, which is something we cannot see, taste touch or feel; a “God” component that allows us to understand the ethereal, because it is something we can feel, but not necessarily something we can explain. Philosopher’s Conclusion There are others that believe that the human mind is a never-ending opportunity for imagination. The idea that we invent and come up with innovative ideas and thoughts, religion and the belief of that external entity exist along the same plane. Jason marsh, author of Darwin and...
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...The Convergence of Science and Religion Philosophy of Religions January 31, 2014 Summary Science involves a body of abstract knowledge that has been arrived at through scientific research and logical analysis. Charles H. Townes is an award winning scientist, who in this article, attempts to convince the reader that the disciplines of science and religion are complimentary ideals. Townes intends to display that the use of one does not negate the use of another. He explained that since both notions are universal, then they have similarities. Townes convergence theory of both science and religion were evidenced by the use of scientific examples, along with personal accounts and experiences of well known scientist and religious figures. What the People Think The masses remain divided in terms of personal beliefs on the topic of science and religion. This is true to this day. Some view them as two separate entities altogether with no connection. They may choose to have a higher regard for either science or religion, and view the other as an outright impairment with destructive qualities aimed toward the quality of mankind. In contrast, there are individuals who recognize and accept both components of science and religion, yet maintain them severed in their thought processes. Science vs. Religion The affiliation between religion and science has been a theme of study spoken on by not only scientists, but philosophers, theologians, and others. Perspectives from different...
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