...Scientific paper is an effective medium to update professionals in any career regarding new research discoveries. An effective paper is clear, simple, and accurate. It does not portray any bias or subjectivity towards information being presented. Being correct grammatically and written flawlessly are additional characteristics of a compelling professional paper. Another important aspect is proofreading. Proofreading several drafts allows any necessary changes need to be made in a paper for it to be efficient. It should be free of unnecessary details by providing only topic related information from introduction to results. Clear language, without irrelevant jargon, in a paper allows reader to follow information easily and to understand...
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...Scientific Method and Steps in Scientific Inquiry Paper Monique Reed BSHS/435 February 22, 2015 Dora Baker Scientific Method and Steps in Scientific Inquiry Paper In this paper in will provide details on how scientific methods can be used in the Human services. Explaining the steps of scientific methods, and how it serves as an important key to Human services professionals. Each steps will be included on how they are define and what purpose it serves will scientific methods are applied. Human services professionals use the scientific methods to gain information on the client as well as how to approach the clients issues. Also researching other resources to meet the needs of the client to ensure the client is receiving accurate help. Scientific Method Scientific method is a method that used to research and study that involves investigation and evaluation of present or future problems. Scientific method helps with produce the right answers to questions that cannot be answered with common sense alone. Researchers can use scientific methods to exploit all the facts, evidence, opinions, and records to find the right plan. As a Human service professional using scientific method can help with identifying the solution of the client’s problem and finding a resolution to ensure it will help to rebuild the client’s life. No matter field an individual is in when it concerns Human services, research will always be needed to ensure self-thoughts, bias, and ones on solution is not...
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...Scientific method and steps in scientific inquiry paper BSHS 435 Mary Evitt January 11 2016 Introduction In this essay, I will define the scientific method, and how it relates to the human service research process. I will explain what the steps are in the scientific method of inquiry or research process, and why must each of the steps being included to support the scientific method. I will discuss how the scientific research method was applied in the article that I chose to complete my research on. I will summarize how scientifically profound research meaning referring to scientific method supports the function of human service manager. Scientific method When defining the scientific method and how it relates the human service research process, when using the scientific method in research you are gathering answers that you do not know about the subject. Using the scientific method is the best way to discover the truth from lies and disillusion. As a human service professional you will work with many clients that will come to you with many different problems wanting your guidance, using the Scientific method you will help guide your clients in the right direction and find the right solution to their problem. The steps in the scientific method There are six steps in the scientific method to help researchers “identifying a problem that defines the goal of research, make a prediction that, if confirmed, resolves the problem, gather data relevant to this prediction...
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...THEORY: Theory is a set of underlying principles is essential explaination of the causal relationship among phenomena under study. RESEARCH: Reasearch is a systametic & objective attempt to study a problem for the purpose of deriving general principles. SCIENTIFIC BODY OF KNOWLEDGE: A concept of scientific theory as a set of ideas useful for for the purposes of science has been developed.There are strategies to develop a scientific body of knowledge.Strategies are developed by Bacon.Bacon’s strategies are- * Research than Theory * Theory than Research RESEARCH THAN THEORY: * Selecting & listing of characteristics of a phenomenon * Measuring characteristics in a variety of situations * Analyze the resulting data create further attention * Formation of the pattern as theoretical statements CONDITIONS OT BE EFFICIENT STRATEGY: * Relatively small number of variables to measure during data collection * Only a few significant patterns to be found in the data DRAWBACKS: Baconian strategy appears to have two major drawbacks- * Two conditions are not enough to meet based on present knowledge of social phenomena because of- * Infinity of variables * Causal relationship influencing most variables * Statistical test of significance among a large number of variables & too many potential relationships lose such of their value to give all of them serious consideration THEORY THAN RESEARCH: Theory than research has been...
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...opinion, makes a statement scientific? A scientific statement provides an explanation of a natural phenomenon through the use of objective observation and disciplined experimentation. First, scientific statements provide knowledge of the wide range of physical and natural aspects of the universe. Each of the different fields of the sciences gives us unique insights into a branch of scientific knowledge. Second, this knowledge is conveyed in theories backed by physical evidence obtained through observation and experimentation. Observation and experimentation are essential components of the scientific method because they result in valid and reliable scientific statements. All the different fields of the sciences form scientific statements which deepen our understanding of the universe. For example, biology which is one of the major branches of science focuses on the science of life and living organisms. Chemistry is the branch of science concerned with the composition of substances, their properties, and their reactions. Physics is yet another branch of science which deals with both matter and energy and their interactions. Therefore, scientific statements cover a wide range of subjects which revolve around the mechanics of the natural world. The high validity and reliability of scientific statements depend on the observations and experimentations performed as part of the scientific method. Scientists develop theories using well-organized scientific procedures which consist...
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...The Scientific Revolution and the Birth of Astronomy Many people today question the purpose of religion and, rather than warship the bible and adhere to papal infallibility, focus on coming up with new ideas, scientific approaches, and solutions to answer the infinite amount of questions life has to offer. Challenging the ideas found in tradition and religious faith is not a new concept invented by recent generations. In circa 1550 AD, one of the most dramatic social transformations ever faced by human nature came and with it brought a new-founded age of Science. It altered the way society perceived life and led to many innovations. This social transformation is known as the Scientific Revolution, and in it spawned new generations of philosophers,...
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...respected scientific magazine. Science is always backed up by details, data, and citations from where they came from. I saw a lot of data and details, however no citation. An article based solely on opinion can go without citation, but only until real facts and statistics come into play. There were a lot of ‘international teams of researchers’, but no names. Monsanto should be one of the names listed. The article gave off a sneaky feel to it because of the fact that there were no names or places to look up the information you did not want the reader to be aware of. So, with that in mind, it would make sense why you would not put the name Monsanto in your article because they are building up a very bad reputation. By taking away the name and not providing any information to allow someone to look further into the specific example, you have forced the reader into one belief. Which you stated was one of the reasons that made all these anti-GMO groups putting labels stating nutritional information the makers of a bad idea, insinuating that they are bad. As a reader of Scientific American magazine, I was surprised to see this article written with hypocritical statements and no names, making me believe that the writers did not want their names on the commentary. It was a very controversial topic, and writing an opinion-based article is understandable. However, the fact that there is missing information throughout the piece really takes away from the respect given to a scientific paper...
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...“Nature is our kindest friend and best critic in experimental science if we only allow her intimations to fall unbiased on our minds” -Michael Faraday Knowledge of science is an ever-growing tree as it never stops and advancements are always made. The scientific revolution is an example of a period of major growth in scientific advancements, starting at the end of the Renaissance and ending near the late 18 century. However, the expansion of scientific knowledge did not stop at the end of the scientific revolution. There were many scientific discoveries in the 19th century contributing to the understanding of physics and chemistry. Scientific discoveries in the 1800s greatly improved on the existing knowledge of physics and chemistry such...
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...The Rise Of The Scientific Revolution Sir Isaac Newton once said, “Plato is my friend, Aristotle is my friend, but my greatest friend is truth” (“Cambridge University Library - Newton Exhibition”). Truth really matters when it comes to the church telling lies and people believing their whole life. The Scientific Revolution started due to people questioning the church's ways. People did not agree with just believing the way the church said and have no reason to believe. It affected society by allowing more travel and new inventions to start a movement of creation known as the enlightenment. People started to realize the church used them for power and old them lies to get money and they stepped away lowing the power of the church sand starting...
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...Running head: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY PAPER Scientific Discovery Paper On Penicillin Tracey Ann Elledge University of Phoenix, Las Vegas NV Creative Minds and Critical Thinking PHL 458 Cornell Horn, M.A.; M.A. December 01, 2009 Scientific Discovery Paper Penicillin is an antibiotic that destroys bacteria by destroying the cell wall of the microorganism. It does this by inactivating an enzyme necessary for the cross linking of bacterial cell walls. The enzyme is known as the Tran peptidase. It accepts the penicillin as a substrate, it the alkanolates a nucleophilic oxygen of the enzyme, rendering it inactive. Cell wall construction stops and the bacteria soon die. The antibiotic nature of the penicillin so due to the strain lactam ring, on opening the ring strain is relieved this makes penicillin more reactive than ordinary amides. Before penicillin a simple pinprick or tiny cut could have been lethal. There are so many people easily catching infections that would rage out of control. Children died regularly from scarlet fever, from infections of the bones, throat, stomach or, brain. Many of us would not be here today had it not been for the discovery of penicillin. In 1928, Alexander Fleming made a chance discovery from an already discarded, contaminated Petri dish. The mold that had contaminated the experiment turned out to contain powerful antibiotic, penicillin. However, though Fleming was credited with the discovery, it was over a decade...
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...FACTORS AFFECTING SOLUBILITY 1. Temperature Temperature has a direct effect on solubility. For the majority of ionic solids, increasing the temperature increases the rate at which the solution can be made. As the temperature increases, the particles of the solid move faster, which increases the chances that they will interact with more of the solvent particles. This results in increasing the rate at which a solution occurs. Temperature can also increase the amount of solute that can be dissolved in a solvent. Generally speaking, as the temperature is increased, more solute particles will be dissolved. For instance, when you add table sugar to water, a solution is quite easily made. When you heat that solution and keep adding sugar, you find that large amounts of sugar can be added as the temperature keeps rising. The reason this occurs is because as the temperature increases, the intermolecular forces can be more easily broken, allowing more of the solute particles to be attracted to the solvent particles. There are other examples, though, where increasing the temperature has very little effect on how much solute can be dissolved. Table salt is a good example: you can dissolve just about the same amount of table salt in ice water as you can in boiling water. For all gases, as the temperature increases, the solubility decreases. The kinetic molecular theory can be used to explain this phenomenon. As the temperature increases, the gas molecules move faster and are then able...
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...ABSTRACT The effect of molecular weight on the rate of diffusion was assessed using two tests: the glass tube test and the agar-water gel test. In the glass tube set-up two cotton plugs soaked in twodifferent substances (HCl and NH4OH) were inserted into the two ends of the glass tube.The substance with the lighter molecular weight value (NH4OH, M = 35.0459 g/mole) diffused at a faster rate (dAve = 25.8cm), resulting in the formation of a white ring around the glass closer to the side of the heavier substance (HCl, M = 36.4611 g/mole; dAve = 10.8 cm). The agar-water gel set up was composed of a petri dish of agar-water gel containing three wells. Drops of potassium permanganate (KMnO4), potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) and methylene blue were simultaneously introduced to each well. Methylene blue, having the largest molecular weight, displayed the smallest diameter (18 mm) and diffused at the slowest rate (0.3668 mm/min.). Thus, the higher the molecular weight, the slower the rate of diffusion. INTRODUCTION A substance in the gaseous or liquid state consists of molecules or atoms that are independent, rapid, and random in motion. These molecules frequently collide with each other and with the sides of the container. In a period of time, this movement results in a uniform distribution of the molecules throughout the system. This process is called diffusion (Everett and Everett, n.d.). Diffusion occurs naturally, with the net movement of particles flowing...
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...Science Daily Using Less Water to Grow More Potatoes ScienceDaily (Sep. 1, 2011) — Research conducted in part at the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has confirmed that in some production systems, planting potatoes in flat beds can increase irrigation water use efficiency. Agricultural Research Service (ARS) agricultural engineer Bradley King, who works at the ARS Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory in Kimberly, Idaho, was one of the scientists who led these studies. ARS is USDA's chief intramural scientific research agency, and this research supports the USDA commitment to enhancing sustainable agriculture. When potato production started in Idaho more than 100 years ago, farmers seeded their crops in ridged rows and watered their plants by channeling surface irrigation to flow through the furrows between the rows. Even though most commercial potato producers in the Pacific Northwest now irrigate their crops with sprinklers, they still typically use ridged-row planting systems. But this planting configuration allows irrigation runoff to collect in the furrow and percolate below the crop root zone. This means that the water is unavailable to the crops, and can also lead to increased nitrate leaching from the soil. King and his partners conducted a series of studies on planting potatoes in flat beds instead of ridged rows. One two-year study compared ridge-row planting systems, a 5-row planting configuration on a raised bed where the plant rows were 26...
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...ARTICLE IN PRESS Journal of Econometrics ] (]]]]) ]]]–]]] www.elsevier.com/locate/jeconom Modeling the diffusion of scientific publications Dennis Fok, Philip Hans Fransesà Econometric Institute, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, NL-3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands Abstract This paper illustrates that salient features of a panel of time series of annual citations can be captured by a Bass type diffusion model. We put forward an extended version of this diffusion model, where we consider the relation between key characteristics of the diffusion process and features of the articles. More specifically, parameters measuring citations’ ceiling and the timing of peak citations are correlated with specific features of the articles like the number of pages and the number of authors. Our approach amounts to a multi-level non-linear regression for a panel of time series. We illustrate our model for citations to articles that were published in Econometrica and the Journal of Econometrics. Amongst other things, we find that more references lead to more citations and that for the Journal of Econometrics peak citations of more recent articles tend to occur later. r 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. JEL classification: C33; M21 Keywords: Diffusion of innovations; Multi-level regression 1. Introduction Citations to scientific publications like journal articles often show characteristics that bear similarities with the diffusion of a new product. Shortly after publication...
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...ABSTRACT The effect of molecular weight on the rate of diffusion was assessed using two tests: the glass tube test and the agar-water gel test. In the glass tube set-up, two cotton plugs soaked in two different substances (HCl and NH4OH) were inserted into the two ends of the glass tube. The substance with the lighter molecular weight value (NH4OH, M = 35.0459 g/mole) diffused at a faster rate (dAve = 25.8cm), resulting in the formation of a white ring around the glass closer to the side of the heavier substance (HCl, M = 36.4611 g/mole; dAve = 10.8 cm). The agar-water gel set up was composed of a petri dish of agar-water gel containing three wells. Drops of potassium permanganate (KMnO4), potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) and methylene blue were simultaneously introduced to each well. Methylene blue, having the largest molecular weight, displayed the smallest diameter (18 mm) and diffused at the slowest rate (0.3668 mm/min.). Thus, the higher the molecular weight, the slower the rate of diffusion. INTRODUCTION A substance in the gaseous or liquid state consists of molecules or atoms that are independent, rapid, and random in motion. These molecules frequently collide with each other and with the sides of the container. In a period of time, this movement results in a uniform distribution of the molecules throughout the system. This process is called diffusion (Everett and Everett, n.d.). Diffusion occurs naturally, with the net movement of particles flowing from an area...
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