...Instructions: 1. Download and Save this file with your name in the file name. (ex: Skeletal System Case Study-CharlieBrown) 2. Type your name in the header of this document. 3. Read the following case study. 4. Answer all the questions that follow by typing in your answer directly underneath each question. Be sure to answer each question completely. 5. When you finish, be sure to save the entire document for submission to your instructor. 6. Submit your document by the due date listed in your syllabus. Submission should be through the ASUN Portal. Upload your completed document—make sure the file you upload and mark as final has your answers typed in it! Note: You must UPLOAD the document and MARK AS FINAL for it to be properly “turned in” through the Portal. 7. Participate in the Class Discussions of this Case Study—this will be completed on the Discussion Forums page within the ASUN Portal. 8. Email me if you have any questions. The Skeletal System - Aging and Disease The skeletal system is required for nearly every body movement. It also supports the body at rest, protects vital organs, and produces blood cells. However, like any other system, it is susceptible to disease. Different diseases become more (or less) likely as the body ages. A few common diseases include scoliosis, arthritis, and osteoporosis Scoliosis Scoliosis is defined as an “s” or “c” shaped spinal curvature. It is most often diagnosed during adolescence, partially...
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...Case Study: RÈJEANNE Roles- Respondent Lawyer Health Concerns What Is Scoliosis? It’s not a disability, it’s a condition making the argument against the city that she is a handicap invalid. Technically she’s not a handicap- If you can no longer work due to scoliosis, you may be eligible to receive Social Security Disability benefits which she did not apply for at the time. Scoliosis is a lateral (toward the side) curvature in the normally straight vertical line of the spine. When viewed from the side, the spine should show a mild roundness in the upper back and shows a degree of swayback (inward curvature) in the lower back. Types of Scoliosis – conditions 1. Neuromuscular scoliosis. A result of abnormal muscles or nerves. Frequently seen in people with other disorders, including other birth defects such as muscular dystrophy, cerebral palsy, Spina bifida or Marfan syndrome (an inherited connective tissue disease) those with various conditions that are accompanied by it, result in, paralysis. : In this type of scoliosis, there is a problem when the bones of the spine are formed. Either the bones of the spine fail to form completely or they fail to separate from each other during fetal development. People with these conditions often develop a long C-shaped curve and have weak muscles that are unable to hold them up straight. If the curve is present at birth, it is called congenital. (Congenital scoliosis caused by a bone abnormality present at birth .This type of scoliosis...
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...The patient with chronic low back pain over 7 years and a wide variety of other health conditions including fatty liver, hypertension, recent heart attack was treated with therapeutic massage techniques. From a professional examination, postural inefficiency, lumbar spine osteophytosis and mild scoliosis are found to be the potential causes of patient pain. Massage therapy, as a safe treatment to reduce pain, and enhance patient well-beings, its primary goal is not to cure the disease. In fact, massage often used as a health care treatment to prevent further development of disease. Since the patient had heart attack and took a stent last year,taking medication to maintain thin blood on a daily basis, gentle massage and treatments are used mainly focused on the relaxation of muscle strings, paired with homecare to prevent further development of structural pain. This case study is carried out using hypothesis, the use of MET, PROM, MFTP, petrissage, Hydrotherapy (deep moist heat) would relief the sign and symptoms to improve lumbar spinal posture. And the null hypothesis, those techniques above do not relieve the sign and symptoms, also aggravate the heart problem, increase the disc problem and the mild...
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...Marfan syndrome can affect many parts of the body, including the skeleton, eyes and cardiovascular system (heart and blood vessels. The symptoms of Marfan syndrome tend to get more severe as you get older. Skeleton Includes: * tall * slim * have long, thin arms and legs * have loose and very flexible joint Other physical signs of Marfan syndrome can include: * a small lower jaw * a high, arched palate (roof of the mouth) * deep-set eyes * flat feet * a breastbone (sternum) that either protrudes outwards or indents inwards * crowded teeth Scoliosis Marfan syndrome can cause the spine to become abnormally curved to the sides. This is known as scoliosis. Curvature of the spine can cause long-term backache. In severe cases, it can also make breathing difficult or the spine may press against the heart and lungs. Spondylolisthesis Spondylolisthesis occurs when one vertebra (the small bones that make up your spine) slips forward over another vertebra. This usually occurs at the bottom end of the spine, and can cause back pain and stiffness. Anyone can develop spondylolisthesis, but it more commonly affects people with Marfan syndrome. Dural ectasia The dura is the membrane (thin layer of cells) that lines your brain and spinal cord. Dural ectasia is a condition that occurs when the dura becomes weakened and expands outwards. People with Marfan syndrome are at particular risk of developing dural ectasia. As the membrane expands it...
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...Rett Syndrome Joseph Lee 4th Period Rett Syndrome is a disorder which affects the nervous system and is found almost exclusively in girls. One in 10,000-20,000 newborn babies are born with Rett Syndrome, making this disorder very rare. Rett Syndrome is often described as autism, cerebral palsy, Parkinson’s, epilepsy, and various anxiety disorders wrapped into one. In this paper, I will discuss what exactly Rett Syndrome is, who discovered it, how he discovered it, what its causes are, what the symptoms are, the disorder’s course, and possible treatments for the disorder. Said Dr. Rett at a conference regarding the disorder which bears his name: These three words summarize best our task: To live, to love, and to learn. We are aware of the fact that many mysteries of this syndrome still remain undisclosed, and therefore, for the time being, we have no option but to live with it. However, the children with their very special ways give us enough impulse to share their lives. It is a further mystery of this syndrome that the affected children render it easy for us to love them. A dominating factor in the care of such children is that they understand us and we understand them. Their appearance and the sparkle in their eyes make it easy to love them. Daily care for them and working with them gives us grownups strength, enabling us to learn the special treatment required, thus furthering our own development. To...
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...actin filament components, suggesting that the disease is related to sarcoplasmic thin filaments or Z-protein abnormalities. On the other hand, X-linked myotubular myopathy has mutations in a family of tyrosine phosphatase (myotubularin gene) and central core disease in ryanodine receptor gene. In all these disorders, the common pathologic features are small muscle fibers with type 1 fiber atrophy and predominance, which account for the small muscle bulk and generalized muscle weakness. INTRODUCTION NEMALINE MYOPATHY The term congenital myopathy is applied to muscle disorders presenting with generalized muscle weakness and hypotonia from early infancy with delayed developmental milestones. Dysmorphic features such as elongated face, scoliosis and contracture of joints are common. The congenital myopathies have been classified into various diseases based on pathologic characteristics, including nemaline myopathy, central...
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...worse quite rapidly. Duchenne muscular is linked to the X-chromosome so the mother carries the disease and the defective gene but will likely never show symptoms. Their sons will each have a 50% chance of getting the disease and their daughters will each have a 50% chance of being carriers of the disease (Bushby, Finkel, Birnkrant, Case, Clemens, Cripe, Kaul, Kinnett, McDonald, Pandya, Poysky, Shapiro, Tomezsko, Constantin, 2010). The women who are carriers will pass the gene onto their children. One in every 3,500 live male births are diagnosed with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (Chen, Ma, Zhang, Chen, Xing, Wang, Zhang, Luo, 2014). Most of these diagnoses have a line of family history with Duchenne muscular dystrophy that they were unaware of because it had not shown up in several generations. Females who are diagnosed with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and show symptoms tend to have very mild cases compared to those cases of males. Symptoms of this condition are usually noticed before the age of five years old and can even be seen as early as infancy in some cases (Bushby, et al. 2010). These symptoms are fatigue, severe learning difficulties, scoliosis, and muscle weakness. The common point of diagnosis is at the point where small children begin to...
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...eap3am 8/20/02 1:20 PM Page 50 50 The Body Systems: Clinical and Applied Topics The Skeletal System 6 The skeletal framework of the body is composed of at least 206 bones and the associated tendons, ligaments, and cartilages. The skeletal system has a variety of important functions, including the support of soft tissues, blood cell production, mineral and lipid storage, and, through its relationships with the muscular system, the support and movement of the body as a whole. Skeletal system disorders can thus affect many other systems. The skeletal system is in turn influenced by the activities of other systems. For example, weakness or paralysis of skeletal muscles will lead to a weakening of the associated bones. Although the bones you study in the lab may seem rigid and permanent structures, the living skeleton is dynamic and undergoing continual remodeling. The remodeling process involves bone deposition by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts. As indicated in Figure A-16, the net result of the remodeling varies depending on: 2. The applied physical stresses: Heavily stressed bones become thicker and stronger, and lightly stressed bones become thinner and weaker. Skeletal weakness can therefore result from muscular disorders, such as myasthenia gravis (p. 66) or the muscular dystrophies (p. 65), and conditions that affect CNS motor neurons, such as spinal cord injuries (p. 75), demyelination disorders (p. 72), or multiple sclerosis (pp. 72, 82). 3. Circulating hormone...
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...naturopaths should behave in a way that corresponds with medical ethics in the general sense, but the extent to which and the way to which will be different. To begin with, I became interested in naturopathic medicine about six years ago when I had health issues that medical doctors were not able to help with or diagnose. Ever since I was first introduced to track I loved running. All throughout elementary and high school I was on the track and cross country teams. When I was in grade ten, I began to get dizzy, headaches, blurred vision, and blue spots on my face near the end of my races. Not only did this hurt my performance, but it was also scary. I went to my doctor and he originally thought it was because I was dehydrated, but this was not the case. He was then concerned that I might have a brain aneurism, but the MRI was clear. I was then put on a series of heart monitors, but I could not run with them, however, when I was physically exerted was the only time these symptoms would appear. So they had me do a stress test, but a stress test is designed for seniors, I was an athlete in the best possible condition so obviously I can outrun an 80 year old without breaking a sweat. I was then referred to another heart specialist who had a monitor that I could run with (another problem was the availability of the heart monitors and my racing schedule). It was this time that this was finally recorded, my heart rate was really high, but was otherwise normal. I then was referred to an eye doctor...
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...This is a case study of S.A. who is 35 years old female who is brought to the ED at NY Medical Center (NYMC) by EMT via ambulance in the reason of altered mental status. S.A. was pacing in circles outside her apartment building in the middle of the night and she was speaking incoherent sentences to “imaginary people”. S.A. has past medical history of tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy secondary to frequent Strep. throat, and diagnosed with asthma, scoliosis, and depression. She had back surgery for herniated disk and stenosis in May 2015. She also has past history of alcohol poisoning and drug overdose. Since then, she began Alcoholic Anonymous and she was “clean” for six months when she admitted beginning drinking alcohol occasionally. After she returned to work in September 2015, she was found that she lost focus on three different occasions when she was working in the surgery room. She admitted that she had addiction problem since...
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...Ehlers Danlos Syndrome Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a rare genetic inherited syndrome. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome affects the connective tissues, which provide support to the skin, bones, blood vessels, and other organs of the body. There are six types of EDS hyper mobility, classical, vascular, kyphoscoliosis, arthrochalasia, and dermatosparaxis. Some types are so severe that people can’t participate in any sport activities or any physical activity. The two major types of EDS are Classical EDS and Hyper mobile EDS. These two types make up 90% of all EDS cases. Eduard Ehlers, a Danish physician, and Henri-Alexandre Danlos, a French physician, first described EDS. I chose Ehlers Danlos syndrome because I have it and wanted to learn a little bit more about it. I also wanted to see if there are any nutritional things I can do to improve my condition. I was diagnosed with EDS when I was 15. I kept dislocating my shoulder and was in a lot of pain, so I went and got an MRI. It turned out I didn’t have a tear, the doctor sent me to get tests done to see if I had EDS. I went through the physical tests and blood samples and found out I had Hyper mobility EDS. The symptoms of hyper mobility EDS are: chronic dislocations, easily bruised, stretchy skin, joint pain. Another symptom of this type of EDS is subject to frequent injury, week bones and chronic fractures. After hearing all of this it made sense since I have all of those symptoms. Ehlers Danlos Syndrome is a new disease that...
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...Hyper-IgE syndromes, 2005). History The autosomal dominant HIES was first described in 1966 by Davis, Schaller and Wedgwood. They investigated a rare case of two red-haired girls with recurrent eczema, pneumonia and staphylococcal skin infections and referred to it as Job’s syndrome (Davis, Schaller, & Wedgwood, 1966). Later on, in 1972, Buckley et al. worked on a case of two boys presenting the same symptoms as well as eosinophilia, severe dermatitis and elevated serum IgE levels and referred to it as Buckley’s syndrome (Buckley, Wray BB, & Belmaker, 1972). Further research in the first case of the two girls confirmed that they also had high serum IgE levels and abnormalities in neutrophil chemotaxis suggesting that both Davis and Buckley were describing the same syndrome (Hill, et al., 1974). For many years the condition was only associated with the immune system. In 1999, Grimbacher et al., proved that autosomal dominant HIES also affects the skeletal and connective tissue in a study involving 30 patients with hyper-IgE syndrome and 70 of their relatives. The majority of the patients were presented with either recurrent bone fractures, scoliosis or hyperextensible joints (Grimbacher B. , et al., 1999). Even though the symptoms had been investigated the underlying cause of the condition was still unknown. In 2006, a case of a patient with mild HIES was investigated and...
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...Student Susan Kaculis Neuromuscular Therapy 19 September 2015 Case Study I. The Client My client is my big sister, ______. She is a wife and also a mother of two girls; her youngest was born rather recently, on July 4th. She is currently on maternity leave, but when she is working she does so for a company that recruits special needs educators, spending most of her time at her desk. She rowed crew for four years at The Ohio State University, is a marathon runner, a triathlete, a yogi, and a lifter. She has had only one surgery: an ACL repair on her right knee back in 2008, but has had no trouble with it since. She also has a very slight case of scoliosis, almost unnoticeable until palpated. She sees a chiropractor, a massage therapist, and her little sister–me–for treatment when her busy schedule allows. ________ had no pain complaints before we began her assessment, putting her at a 0 on the pain scale. As a new mother, she is breastfeeding, which means that she has a substantial amount of relaxin in her system that will take another several months to work out. This relaxin makes my already super flexible sister–again she’s a yogi–a walking rubber band, so I didn’t push her range of motion assessments any further than what we would otherwise deem as “normal.” Her goals were to decrease tension, break up and release trigger points, and become more aware of her structural and muscular imbalances. II. The Observations A) Standing: _________ had even weight...
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...greater incidence of airway anomalies, cardiovascular anomalies, and increased incidence of perioperative bleeding, easily fractured bones and teeth. Treatment of Osteogenesis Imperfecta by bisphosphonate therapy can improve bone mass in all types of the disorder, and while not being a cure for the disorder does improve the quality of life of the patient. This paper will examine the causes, treatment, and prognosis of Osteogenesis Imperfecta. Student Examination into the Causes, Treatment, and Prognosis of Osteogenesis Imperfecta Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is an abnormally brittle bone disease that is inherited. The term Osteogenesis Imperfecta means “imperfect bone formation.” Individuals who have OI suffer from short stature, scoliosis, thin skin, and hearing loss. Numerous fractures are common, and can occur before birth. This disorder affects six-to-seven per 100 thousand people worldwide. There are seven forms of OI. The types can be distinguished by their signs and symptoms, even...
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...dehydrationMod dehydrationSevere dehydrationReplacing ongoing losses | MAJOR TEACHING POINTS | NURSING CONSIDERATIONS | Teach parents at well childcare visits in first yearKeep 24 hour supply of ORT in homeBegin with first sign of diarrheaReplace with ½ cup ORT for each diarrheal stoolSeek medical attention prn signs or dehydrationAfter re-hydration resume breast/formula feeding or normal diet in the older childAdvise them never to try to formulate an OR solution themselves.Teach personal hygiene/ hand washingProper preparation and storage of breast milk or formulaCareful food preparationImmunization for RotavirusAvoid unnecessary antibiotic usage | Acute diarrhea is leading cause of illness in children <5 years (10’s of millions cases in US)65% of hospitalizations and 85% of...
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