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กรณีศึกษา : บริษัทผลิตภัณฑ์นมข้นหวาน และแนวคิด SCOR Model

กรณีศึกษานี้ได้ประยุกต์ใช้แบบจำลองอ้างอิงกระบวนการห่วงโซ่อุปทานหรือ Supply Chain Operation Reference-Model (SCOR-Model) เพื่อวิเคราะห์และปรับปรุงกระบวนการจัดการห่วงโซ่อุปทานของบริษัทผลิตภัณฑ์นมข้นหวานกลุ่มที่ขายภายในประเทศ โดยองค์กรมุ่งหวังที่จะพัฒนาขีดความสามารถในการแข่งขันตามกลยุทธ์ที่ได้วางไว้คือ กลยุทธ์การเน้นเป็นผู้นำทางด้านต้นทุนในขณะที่สามารถตอบสนองความต้องการของลูกค้าได้ตามเป้าหมายของบริษัท
การวิเคราะห์ห่วงโซ่อุปทานด้วย SCOR-Model SCOR-Model มีขั้นตอนในการวิเคราะห์จากภาพรวมขององค์กร เพื่อวางขอบเขตและเป้าหมาย แล้วจึงนำมาวางโครงร่างของห่วงโซ่อุปทาน หลังจากนั้นจึงเจาะลึกในระดับกระบวนการ เพื่อนำไปวิเคราะห์และพัฒนาหาแนวทางในการปรับปรุงกระบวนการ แล้วจึงนำไปออกแบบกิจกรรมย่อย ซึ่ง SCOR-Model ได้จัดทำมาตรฐานไว้ถึงระดับกระบวนการและได้กำหนดระดับในการวิเคราะห์ไว้ 4 ระดับ แต่มีการทำมาตรฐานไว้เพียง 3 ระดับเท่านั้นได้แก่ระดับบน (Top Level) ระดับโครงร่าง (Configuration Level) และระดับองค์ประกอบกระบวนการ (Process Element Level)
SCOR-Model ระดับที่ 1 (Top Level) (ชนิดกระบวนการ) ในขั้นตอนนี้มีการระบุขอบเขตและเนื้อหาของห่วงโซ่อุปทาน โดยอ้างอิงแบบจำลองกระบวนการโซ่อุปทาน ในกิจกรรมหลัก ได้แก่ การวางแผน (Plan: P) การจัดหา (Source: S) การผลิต (Make: M) การจัดส่ง (Deliver: D) และการรับ/ส่งของคืน (Return: R)

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ภาพที่ 2 แผนที่ภูมิศาสตร์ของห่วงโซ่อุปทานของบริษัทผลิตภัณฑ์นมข้นหวาน

จากกรณีศึกษาตัวอย่าง พบว่า ทางบริษัทมีการวางแผน เพื่อจัดหาวัตถุดิบต่างๆ จาก supplier ภายในประเทศ เพื่อประหยัดเวลาในการขนส่ง มีเพียงนมผงจากออสเตรเลีย ซึ่งเป็นวัตถุดิบพิเศษเท่านั้น
ที่มีระยะเวลาในการขนส่ง เป็นเวลา 60 วัน นอกจากนี้ ยังมีการวางแผนการขนส่งระหว่างผู้บริโภคเพื่อ
ไม่ให้เกิดปัญหาขึ้นอีกด้วย

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