...Search and Seizure in America CJA/364 February 10, 2015 Search and Seizure in America The fourth amendment has given us the protection against unreasonable search and seizure but what exactly does that mean? To understand, one must define right of privacy, search, seizure, arrest, and reasonableness and how each of these relates to stop and frisk, automotive search rules, and requirements regarding border and regulatory searches. Have you ever been stopped on the street or anywhere and frisked by a police officer? Individuals should be aware of the rules regarding such a situation. In the state of New York, the people, "Mayor Michael Bloomberg" (Wells 2013, p. 1) and the district court judge "Shira Scheindlin" (Wells 2013) argued about reforming the stop and frisk policy. The objective issues in improving system addressed after a stop and frisk case won by the arrestee. In the case involving the arrestee "David Ourlicht" (Whitaker, 2013, p. 1) claimed he was wrongfully stopped and frisked. The officer stopped and frisked the defendant because the object in his pocket resembled a gun. The attorney representing the defendant argued his constitutional rights, and the stop and frisk was unconstitutional. The environment of the Missouri cities, counties, suburbs, and rural area are subject to society socialization, private activity, and deviant behavior which may cause the proper authority to respond to the nature of the action the same as in New York City. Society plays...
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...Functions of Internet Search Engines A search engine is a computer software, that is continually modified to avail of the lastest technologies in order to provide improved search results. Each search engine does the same functions of collecting, organizing, indexing and serving results in its own unique ways, thus employing various algorithms and techniques, which are their trade secrets. In short, the functions of a search engine can be categorized into the following: 1. Crawling the internet for web content. 2. Indexing the web content. 3. Storing the website contents. 4. Search algorithms and results. Crawling and Spidering the Web Crawling is the method of following links on the web to different websites, and gathering the contents of these websites for storage in the search engines databases. Crawling the internet can start afresh (starting with a popular website containing lots of links, such as Yahoo) or from existing older indexes of websites. The crawler (also known as a web robot or a web spider) is a software program that can download web content (web pages, images, documents and other files), and then follow hyper-links within these web contents to download the linked contents. The linked contents can be on the same site or on a different website. The crawling continues until it finds a logical stop, such as a dead end with no external links or reaching the set number of levels inside the website's link structure. If a website is not linked...
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...Search Engine Industry History of search engine The need for search services grew with the expanding reach and magnitude of the World Wide Web. One of the earliest search services, Yahoo!, was a directory of sites selected and organized into categories by human editors. The Web soon grew too large for directory-based search. AltaVista invented technology that automated search, relying on software “spiders” that created a searchable index of page contents and on algorithms that ranked page relevance based on the frequency of keyword references. Yahoo! added AltaVista’s algorithmic search engine, but in 1998 replaced AltaVista with Inktomi, which used parallel-processing networks to offer faster processing and a larger index. As website developers exploited search algorithms by repeating keywords on their pages, searches increasingly returned irrelevant listings—”spam”—that frustrated users. In 1998, Sergey Brin and Larry Page tackled this problem as graduate students at Stanford. Their PageRank algorithm reliably delivered more relevant searches by favoring pages that were referenced—”linked to”—by other pages. These links were called “votes,” because they signaled that another page’s webmaster had decided that the focal page deserved attention. The focal page’s importance was determined by counting the number of votes it received, weighting votes more heavily when they were cast by pages that Google had previously deemed to be important. This approach required PageRank to...
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...MICROSOFT’S SEARCH | STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT | ASSIGNMENT # 04 | Submitted by: 1. Sheheryaar Mahmood 2. Amna Aslam 3. Madeeha Tahir Class: MBA-IV (F) Submitted to: Sir Suhaib Baluch Date: 12.03.2012 MICROSOFT’S SEARCH SUMMARY * In September 2008 the executives at Microsoft looked at alternatives to improve the company’s position. * The company got serious about search five years back, made great progress, but still lacks behind Google. The division leader is looking for a new ‘game changer’ move which helps then catch and pass Google. Microsoft in 2008: * Since its origin, Microsoft has grown to sell a complex line of software, services, and hardware. * The historical heart of the company was its line of operating systems for PCs, which was introduced in 1980. IBM had come to Bill Gates looking for someone to build a PC operating system. Gates purchased an OS and modified it to meet IBM’s needs, and named it MS-DOS. Rights to use this system were sold to IBM. * During the 1980’s this system dominated a rapidly growing market for PCs. * By 1990, clone makers (Compaq, Dell, etc.) were licensing MS-DOS for $15 per PC. Microsoft’s OS ran 90% of the worlds PCs, while Apple had a 7% share. * Apple launched Macintosh in 1984, and Microsoft introduced Windows 1.0. In 1990 Windows 3.0 was introduced, then Windows 95, 98, XP and finally Vista in 2007. * Development costs rose from $500 million for Windows 95 to $10 billon...
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...DESIGN AND OPERATION OF TYPICAL SEARCH ENGINE INTRODUCTION Design of information retrival system to find out the stored information on a computer system is known as search engine. It is used to links to documents, web sites, text snippets, images, videos etc. first they have to process hundreds of millions of issues and searches every day and answer to the queries in milliseconds. Search engine is a general class of program. Many key factors and requirement of the user should be taken into account by the search engine secondly the resources on world wide web must be update constantly. Wheather it may continuously add of data, removed or change of data( the overall changing is upto 8% a week). Third the user express should be make use of available syntactic features with limited express power of that language. As we know that search engine is a designed program which help the user to retriev data stored in the computer such as world wide web or from a personal computer. The user can retriev the data with list of references which match the criteria of the user quickly and efficently this can done only by search engine with reguarly updated indexes. In other words search engine is a sophisticated peace of software which can access on a website which allows user to access the web page by entering the queries in the search box. There are two types of search indexes which will be access for the web search directories crawler-based search engine Directories : unlike...
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...Social Search New Media is changing how we search - by Karan, Nalini, Shrawan, Suby SOCIAL SEARCH New Media is redefining how we search By Karan, Nalini, Shrawan, Suby What is Social Network? A social network is a social structure made up of individuals (or organizations) called "nodes", which are tied (connected) by one or more specific types of interdependency, such as friendship, kinship, common interest, financial exchange, dislike, sexual relationships, or relationships of beliefs, knowledge or prestige. What is Social Search? If one saw a play last month, naturally his friends would ask of it. The answers may give short shrift to the true awful aspects of it — the incoherent plot, the songs not looking like the original — and emphasize the truly cool aspects of the acrobatics and the set design. Therefore for the friends wondering to the play, whose opinion on the play should affect more? The Google search engine was implicitly built on the premise that the view of The Art critic should prevail. An analysis of the link structure of the web would reveal the Times as a popular destination. When the critic weighed in, many others would link to his review. Numerous other “signals” — clues that may indicate increased relevancy of a given site for a given query — also would boost that review’s presence in search results. But others argue that in the real world, people are influenced by their friends and contacts, and Google’s historic approach is lacking. The...
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...SIGIR 2010 Geneva, Switzerland July 19-23, 2010 DESKTOP SEARCH Workshop of the 33rd Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval Organised by David Elsweiler Gareth J.F. Jones Liadh Kelly Jaime Teevan Copyright ©2010 remains with the author/owner(s). Proceedings of the SIGIR 2010 Workshop on Desktop Search (Understanding, Supporting and Evaluating Personal Data Search). Held in Geneva, Switzerland. July 23, 2010. Preface These proceedings contain details on the invited talks and the papers presented at the SIGIR 2010 Workshop on Desktop Search (Understanding, Supporting, and Evaluating Personal Data Search), Geneva, Switzerland, 23 July, 2010. Despite recent research interest, desktop search is under-explored compared to other search domains such as the web, semi-structured data, or flat text. Even with the availability of several new desktop search tools, users are more successful finding information through browsing their personal collections and subsequently show preference for this approach. Problems with existing desktop search tools include performance issues, an overreliance on good query formulation, and a failure to fit within the user’s work flow or the user’s mental model. As the available storage for desktop collections becomes cheaper and more plentiful and new media types continue to appear, the size and types of items stored in personal collections is growing rapidly. The need for effective methods...
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...Assignment Microsoft Search– Competitive Analysis 2010-2012 [pic] Group 9, Section E Ankur Gupta – 2010PGP050 Arunkumar Pasi – 2010PGP069 Manish Mahakalkar – 2010PGP177 Pranabesh Chatterjee – 2010PGP254 Pritom Pangging – 2010PGP267 Swapnil Kumthekar – 2010PGP403 Vikas Deswal – 2010PGP416 INTRODUCTION Microsoft Corp has been around for more than 30 years now and still continues to have high profit margins in software segment. As the company is maturing, its growth has slowed down as compared to initial stages, but the power the computer software maker has over the flow of the world's information is very formidable. On the other side we have Google Inc., a company just a decade old but with power that rivals Microsoft in many ways. In a sense, Microsoft provides the river, and Google provides the current. That's probably not what we (Microsoft executives) had in mind, but that's reality. Now it’s time for us to weigh alternatives for improving the company’s position in the market for Internet Searches and related advertising. PURPOSE OF THE REPORT In this report we are going to discuss the issues faced by Microsoft, the opportunity available to Microsoft and the analysis of the issues. Further we will list the options available, their evaluation and then we would propose our recommendations. ISSUES and PROBLEMS • Microsoft has not been able to achieve considerable market share in Internet Search Engine and related advertising...
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...about if a search engine was offering you results that were reliable and had credentials insteading of misleading or aimlessly leading you around? I have the a tool that will resolve your problem and this genuine search engine is titled "Sweet Search." Get ready to be mesmerized by how user friendly, detailed/specific, organized, and dependable this tool can be. In today's world, everytime we need to find information for a essay or something as simple as cooking recipes, we instantly think of using Google search engine which comes with results that sometimes are irrelevant to your topic,includes advertisements and aren't always monitored. Sweet Search provides you the comfort that Google along with other search engines lack. It's search engine is compiled of 35,000 exlcusive websites that are carefully evaluated by research experts, librarians, and teachers. The voluntary staff members dedicate over 100,000 hours into researching and gathering of information and credentials into creating over 700 web guides and thousands of articles. Another positive factor is that each website is constantly inspected as well as reviewed to ensure that they're up to date on the information being provided. Some of their information are derive from famous resources such as the Library of Congress, the Smithsonians, PBS, and university websites. It excludes results that are from malicious or spam websites. Search results are improved, thanks to Yo Link in cooperation with Sweet Search. This...
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...Search Patterns When a crime has been committed and investigators need to search for evidence, there are different search patterns that investigators can choose from. These search patterns include spiral, line, zone, and grid (Siegel & Mirakovits, 2013). Depending on the crime scene, the investigator will choose from one of these search patterns that will best utilize the search for evidence. When an investigating team needs to search for evidence in a field where the field is overgrown, a grid search is a good search to utilize. When a field is overgrown, the searches may have to crawl on their hands and knees to locate any evidence and perform a thorough search. A grid line search consists of searchers following a line pattern and then following another line pattern that is perpendicular to the first line pattern (Lee, Palmbach, & Miller, 2001). The grid search pattern is a good search to utilize because it allows two different searchers, or the same searcher, to search the same area twice. Therefore, the searchers a more likely not to miss any evidence that needs to be collected. A con to the grid line search is that it is very time consuming and if the boundaries to be searched are not well established, than the search will not be very thorough (Lee, Palmbach, & Miller, 2001). The grid line search was chosen for this scenario because a thorough search can be accomplished by having two different searchers look over the same area. If one searcher...
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...страница. Вероятността интернет търсачките да намерят даден интернет сайт е по-голяма, ако много други сайтове съдържат връзки към него. 2. Индекс, или база-данни, съдържаща копие от всяка страница (пълния текст или сведения за заглавие, ключови термини и др. информация), обходена от робота. Има търсачки, които индексират пълния текст на документа, т.е. всяка дума от този текст може да бъде търсеща – ако се зададе в полето на търсене, този документ ще бъде повикан в резултатите(Excite, Alta Vista, Google, HotBot, Infoseek, WebCrawler). При други търсачки роботите регистрират само заглавие, подзаглавни данни, анотации, или просто първите няколко реда от текста, които носят информация за темата на документа. (Lycos, ALIWEb, Galaxy,WWW search, Magelan). 3. Механизъм за търсене, който позволява на потребителя да въведе интересуващите го понятия, да търси в тази база-данни и да получи списък от адреси на сайтове по интересуващата го тема. При първото поколение търсачки подреждането им става най-често според честотата на срещане на думите от запитването. Във второто поколение търсачки резултатите обикновено се подреждат по честота на посещаемост от други потребители и по брой на направени хипервръзки към тях. Най-отгоре в списъка ще появят най-популярните и...
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...to see who is calling you angrily answer the call. Realizing it is your mother on the other line you immediately interrupt her to tell her it is dire that you get a new phone as soon as possible. After ignorantly insisting for a new phone your mother then informs you that your grandmother has severely fallen and it is not looking to good for her and she might not make it. Taken back you instantly realize how selfish and ungrateful you were acting. Sometimes people get caught up in materialistic things and lose sight of the true meaning of life. It is moments like these that bring us back to reality and remind us not to get caught up in the little things in life. With that in mind, Dr. Viktor Frankl does an exceptional job in Man’s Search for Meaning portraying the true meaning of life, which more often than not in our materialistic world many people lose sight of. Through his research and first hand experience in the concentration camps, Dr. Viktor Frankl is able to teach us that it is not the...
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...Assignment Dr. Chart completion and Reflection Paper Find and review: Usefulness of each database Important new sources, scholars, or ideas Value of searches in inspiring new ideas/ surprises Answered By, Introduction The chart below was utilized for the initial library search for resources in professional or research interest. There are; three peer-reviewed journal articles, one book chapter, and one scholarly source. Following the chart, is a brief reflection paper on the library search and results. |Article Citation |Database |Keywords |Search Limiters |Skills in this Database | |Peer reviewed article: |Roadrunner Search, Discovery |Cultural Change, |Military Logistics, |Fair: Easy to use, need to | | |Database |Data Rights, |Defense Logistics Agency, |practice on my search limiters. | |Better Buying Power or Better Off Not: | |Heuristic Economic Model, |Quality Assurance | | |By: Hasik, James. Defense Acquisition Research | |Technical Data ...
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... Web search engine SUBMITTED TO: MD MOQBUL HOSSAIN BHUIYA PROFESSOR DEPT. OF MIS UNIVERSITY OF DHAKA SUBMITTED BY: Sanjida Sharmin ROLL# MIS 06-83 UNIVERSITY OF DHAKA A paper on Web search engine ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my gratitude to our course instructor MD MOQBUL HOSSAIN BHUIYA for inspiring me to know about INFORMATION TECHONOLOGY and then prepare an assignment on web search engine. This is the way I want to know the INFORMATION TECHONOLOGY and I feel myself sufficient now. Although, it is little about the topic, however I must cite that he gave me the apt direction and showed me the accurate way to complete the assignment in a creative way. TABLE OF CONTENTS Index Page General information 5 1. History 5-7 2. How it works 8-9 3. List of search engine 10-13 4. Market share 14 5. Bias 14 6. Facilities 14 7. Why I choose this topic??? 14 8. Reference 15 General information A web search engine is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web and FTP servers. The search results are generally presented...
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...The defendant, Craig Coleman, was charged with possession of a controlled substance. However, the trial court granted his motion to quash arrest and suppress evidence based on the view that the search was unconstitutional as the police were unaware that he was on parole at the time of the search. The state appealed against ruling claiming it was irrelevant whether police knew his parole status. The appeal court affirmed the trial court’s judgment by arguing that unlawful search cannot be justified by the fact that the owner of the vehicle, without the knowledge of the police, happened to be on parole. Furthermore, the failure by the state in the circuit court to raise the argument that the consensual encounter with police escalated to a probable...
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