...interpretation and held in Commonwealth v Tasmania (1983) 158 CLR 1 that Section 51 (xxvi) should be interpreted to only allow for legislation which maintains and protects the rights of the Aboriginal people taking into consideration the 1967 Referendum as ‘to hold otherwise would be to make a mockery of the decision by the people’. This view was upheld by Brennan J and it was held that the 1967 Referendum was ‘an affirmation of the will of the Australian people … that the primary object of the power is beneficial’. Gaudron J in Kartinyeri contemplated that although the scope of Section 51 (xxvi) is wide enough to authorise laws to the advantage...
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...MNC's Effect on Local Businesses in Retailing Sector (India) Contents Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2 Effect of MNC’s into Indian Retail Market 5 Advantages 5 Disadvantages 7 Hypothesis 8 Conceptual Model 8 Conclusion 10 References 10 Abstract Globalization paved the way for entrepreneurs to expand their wings beyond their respective counties. MNCs exploit the business opportunities in other countries based on the FDI policies in those countries. This has both advantages and disadvantages to the target country. The MNCs have their impact on the economy and people of countries in which they operate business. This paper focuses on the impact of MNCs on local businesses in retail sector in India. The report review existing literature which provides insights into FDI policies in India, the level of FDI allowed by Indian government with respect to single –brand and multi-brand foreign companies, the advantages, opportunities, risks, threats and disadvantages of allowing MNCs into retailing sector in India. Introduction Retailing is the business taking up by individuals or families in India. Generally mom and pop kind of businesses operate in retail sector. The retail sector has tremendous growth in India. Moreover retailing is a profitable business in India. Since India is the country with huge population, naturally it is the correct destination to foreign investors to get profits from the market. India has been traditionally depending...
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...Corporate Governance Activities Question 1 The constitutional basis for the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) is the provided for the Section 3 itself and also the purpose to make provision in relation to corporations and financial products and services. There are 4 operations of the Act actually based on, first of all in Australia, the operation of the Act in the referring States is based on the legislative powers that the Commonwealth Parliament has under section 51 of the Constitution (other than paragraph 51(xxxvii)) and also the legislative powers that the Commonwealth Parliament has in respect of matters to which this Act relates because the matters are referred to it by the Parliaments of the referring States under paragraph 51(xxxvii) of the Constitution. Besides that, the State referrals fully supplement the Commonwealth Parliament’s other powers by referring the matters to the Commonwealth Parliament to the extent to which they are not otherwise included in the legislative powers of the Commonwealth Parliament. Secondly, the operation of the Act in the Northern Territory and the Capital Territory is based on the legislative powers that the Commonwealth Parliament has under section 122 of the Constitution to make laws for the government of those Territories and the legislative powers that the Commonwealth Parliament has under section 51 of the Constitution. Despite subsection 22(3) of the Acts interpretation Act 1901, this Act as applying in those territories is a law...
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...get a slice of federal dollars through government contracts. Socioeconomic Programs originate from the Small Business Act created in 1953, which declares “it is the policy of the United States that small business concerns shall have the maximum practicable opportunity to participate in the performance of contracts let by any federal agency, including contracts and subcontracts for subsystems, assemblies, components, and related services for major systems” (SBA, 2011). In 1997, Congress established a 23% goal for the awarding of federal contracts to small businesses. These programs, which include incentive, set-aside, and preference programs, give small businesses and small businesses owned by special minority and disadvantaged groups’ advantages in bidding on federal contracts. The following five types of socioeconomic programs require agencies to limit competition on certain contracts to qualified small businesses so that small firms do not have to compete with large ones for the same contracts. Small Business Set-Asides are enterprises engaged in a for-profit business which is independently owned and operated and not dominant in its field of operation. The Federal Government is required to reserve a fair proportion of its total purchases and contracts for property and services for small business concerns. The Government does...
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...Assignment 2 Directions: Diagnosis/Eligibility General Assessment Considerations The National Early Childhood Technical Assistance Center (NECTAC) website is an excellent online resource that contains information regarding a national perspective on issues regarding young children (www.nectac.org). In their online publication nectac Notes no 27, Danaher, J. states “IDEA offers special provisions for states to identify children younger than school age who are eligible for special education and related services. In addition to the Part B disability categories used for school aged students, states may use Developmental Delay (DD) or a term of their choosing, for ages three through nine or a subset thereof according to their state criteria” (2011,January,no.27) Retrieved from: http://ectacenter.org/ ion. This online publication provides a summary table of Early Childhood Special Education Eligibility Criteria in the various states as well as the District of Columbia. The eligibility for the state of Ohio children for Preschool Disabilities services is to the age of 5 or enrollment into Kindergarten. In the state of Ohio and indicated in this publication the term of Developmental Delay (DD) is used for preschoolers with disabilities from the ages of three to five (2011, January, no.27 attachment 1). Retrieved from: http://ectacenter.org/ ion. The assessments my district administers to determine eligibility as a Preschooler with a Disability are the Brigance Child Inventory completed...
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...managers have when searching for new employees. This paper will closely examine the advantages and disadvantages of each source which include help-wanted advertising, walk-ins, schools, public employment offices, private employment agencies, executive search firms, employee referrals, internet recruiting, and temporary help agencies. Sources of Employees According to Longenecker, Moore, Petty, and Palich (2008): To recruit effectively, the small business manager must know where and how to find qualified applicants. Sources are numerous, and it is impossible to generalize about the best source in view of the differences in companies’ personnel needs and the quality of the sources from one locality to another. (p.503). I will begin by first informing you about internal recruiting. Management Study Guide (2009) defines internal recruitment as “a recruitment which takes place within the concern or organization. Internal sources of recruitment are readily available to an organization.” In other words, internal recruitment involves filling up a vacant position by using a person already in the company’s payroll. Announcements regarding the open position will be advertised within the company and management will make a decision based on the applications (Community for Human Resource Management, 2009). Internal recruitment has many advantages, although it has its disadvantages as well. An advantage of internal recruitment is the company is able to obtain accurate information about...
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... ( international trade occurs for the same reasons as interregional trade ( gains from technology and gains from trade III. Trade in an Individual Product ( trade in cloth (U.S./India) — Figure 2.1 ( supply and demand ( the effects on India and the U.S. IV. Trade Based on Absolute Advantage A. Absolute Advantage ( PASSPORT: Football Games, Rats, and Economic Theory ( PASSPORT: Mercantilism ( Table 2.1 B. The Gains from Specialization and Trade with Absolute Advantage ( gains from trade — Table 2.2 ( the labor theory of value V. Trade Based on Comparative Advantage A. Comparative Advantage ( Table 2.3 ( David Ricardo ( Babe Ruth B. The Gains from Specialization and Trade with Comparative Advantage ( PASSPORT: Principal Exports of Selected Countries — Table 2.4 ( Change in world output — Table 2.5 VI. Trade Based on Opportunity Costs A. Opportunity Costs ( PASSPORT: Labor Costs as a Source of Comparative Advantage — Table 2.6 B. The Gains from Specialization and Trade with Opportunity Costs ( Table 2.7 ( Autarky VII. The Production Possibilities Frontier and Constant Costs A. The Production Possibilities Frontier — Table 2.8 B. Production and Consumption Without Specialization and Trade — Figure 2.2 ...
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...Part One Issue The question of whether Patrick is bound to the agreement for the purchase of the horse from Joanna depends on whether a legal contract existed between the two parties. For a contract to exist legally, the essential elements: intention, offer, acceptance and consideration, must be present. In the event that Patrick is not bound by the agreement, alternative remedies are considered. Essential elements of a contract Since Patrick was “interested in purchasing a valuable horse from Joanna”, there is a fair assumption that he was looking to enter into legal relations with Joanna to undertake a transaction. Both offer and acceptance are presumed to have been present as the agreement to buy the horse was “signed”. This signals an express contract, where the terms of the agreement are clearly stated in written form on the document. Because the document is “signed” there is a general presumption that both parties have read and consented to the agreement and that the agreement is enforceable in a court of law. The consideration of the contract is Patrick’s payment in exchange for Joanna’s horse Decibel delivered to him. In effect, there exists a bilateral contract between Patrick and Joanna that is legally enforceable in a court of law. Misrepresentation Although representations are pre-contract, remedies exist for misrepresentations which lead the parties to enter into contract which otherwise would not have. In Patrick’s case, it is debatable whether...
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...Essay on Federalism Your Name School/College/Course Name INTRODUCTION TO FEDERALISM : The Tenth Amendment to the Constitution (ratified in 1971) states the basic principle of the system of Federalism in America, saying "The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people” (Hayes). Federalism is thus a system wherein a written constitution bestows powers to a central government and regional or sub-divisional governments. Both types of governments retain a significant amount of authority, being autonomous in nature and possessing the power to act directly upon the people through their officials and laws. Power sharing is done by granting delegated powers, concurrent powers and reserved powers to the national government, national and state governments, and state governments respectively. For instance, determination of foreign policy, power to make treaties and declare wars, control imports and exports, and printing money is done by the federal government. On the other hand, state and federal governments share responsibilities such as taxation, business regulation, environmental protection, and civil rights. At the Constitutional Convention of 1788, the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists were undecided on which style of government would suit America best. They debated over the actual scope of national authority versus the protections of individual rights. While...
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...2 hours 30 minutes Section A 1 2 3 4 5 6 Materials required for examination Ruler, pencil and pen Items included with question papers Nil Section B 7 Instructions to Candidates In the boxes above, write your centre number, candidate number, your surname, initials and signature. Check that you have the correct question paper. This paper is arranged in two sections, A and B. In Section A, answer ALL questions in the spaces provided. In Section B, answer ONE question in the spaces provided. Indicate which question you are answering by marking the box ( ). If you change your mind, put a line through the box ( ) and then indicate your new question with a cross ( ). 8 9 Information for Candidates The marks for individual questions and the parts of questions are shown in round brackets: e.g. (2). There are 9 questions in this question paper. The total mark for this paper is 150. There are 40 pages in this question paper. Any blank pages are indicated. The following abbreviations are used throughout this paper: MEDC: More Economically Developed Country LEDC: Less Economically Developed Country Advice to Candidates Write your answers neatly and in good English. Total This publication may be reproduced only in accordance with Edexcel Limited copyright policy. ©2009 Edexcel Limited. Printer’s Log. No. Turn over N34929A W850/U4370/57570 5/5/5/3 *N34929A0140* Leave blank SECTION A Answer ALL questions in this section. 1. Water (a) Study Figure...
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...Online Marketing Research: Reliability and Appropriateness of Social Network Sites Wendy Tapia Abstract The widespread acceptance that the web 2.0 platform offers new opportunities and possibilities to meet the current marketing research challenges requires an in depth appreciation of the advantages and disadvantages involved in its implementation. The purpose of this paper is to take a critical look at the use of Social Network Sites as an Online Marketing Research tool. Due to the vast number of Social Network Sites available this paper focuses specifically on the Social Network Site, Facebook. The paper starts by giving a brief insight of how Social Network Sites are defined, it then contrasts the advantages and disadvantages of its use for research purposes based on previous studies conducted in similar fields but not exclusively in Social Network Sites. And finally, it is argued that the implementation of Social Network Sites as a research tool is suitable to some instances and that its wide range of applications would positively contribute to a better interaction with users. Social Network Sites does offer new research tools opportunities and can also function as a supporting or complimentary research tool; however, the use of Social Network Sites for marketing research purposes in instances that require in depth data, sensitive information or large world populations is not recommended...
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...The most obvious class gap in the story is evidenced the town of St. Deborah, and its domineering and cultist leader. In chapter 2, when the Symphony arrives to this small town, they struggle to gain any information about some of their old members, Charlie and her husband. The town’s answers are frightened, and unhelpful, with many townspeople telling the Symphony to leave while they still can, such as one old woman, “Stop asking questions and tell your people to leave here as quickly as possible.” (51). The members of the Symphony are shocked and upset, but it is only after they present their play to the town do they truly realize the circumstances of the situation that this town is in. St. Deborah in the time the Symphony has been gone, has been taken under the leadership of The Prophet, a deeply religious man, who claims that the virus that wiped out nearly the entire human race, was simply a cleansing of the earth. His influence over the people of the town is illustrated during his religious and self-empowering rant, “The audience applauded again, on cue, but quieter now” (59), how the village seemed almost powerless to anything the Prophet did or said. The oppression that these people were under, manifested themselves in one of the...
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...technical page 50 student accountant JUNe/JULY 2008 CAPM: THEORY, ADVANTAGES, AND DISADVANTAGES THE CAPITAL ASSET PRICING MODEL RELEVANT TO ACCA QUALIFICATION PAPER F9 Section F of the Study Guide for Paper F9 contains several references to the capital asset pricing model (CAPM). This article is the last in a series of three, and looks at the theory, advantages, and disadvantages of the CAPM. The first article, published in the January 2008 issue of student accountant introduced the CAPM and its components, showed how the model can be used to estimate the cost of equity, and introduced the asset beta formula. The second article, published in the April 2008 issue, looked at applying the CAPM to calculate a project-specific discount rate to use in investment appraisal. CAPM FORMULA The linear relationship between the return required on an investment (whether in stock market securities or in business operations) and its systematic risk is represented by the CAPM formula, which is given in the Paper F9 Formulae Sheet: E(ri) = Rf + βi(E(rm) - Rf) E(ri) = return required on financial asset i Rf = risk-free rate of return βi = beta value for financial asset i E(rm) = average return on the capital market The CAPM is an important area of financial management. In fact, it has even been suggested that finance only became ‘a fully-fledged, scientific discipline’ when William Sharpe published his derivation of the CAPM in 19861. CAPM ASSUMPTIONS The CAPM is often criticised as being unrealistic...
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...and explain how each affects the price and economic growth of an economy. • LO 4: Articulate why the price-level changes and how it can affect economic stability. • LO 5: Explain how unemployment is calculated and measured in the United States. • LO 6: Demonstrate an understanding of the role of the government in the economy. • LO 7: Identify the components of the macroeconomy and relate them to the circular flow diagram. Describe the characteristics of demand and supply, and apply the demand and supply model. Unit 1 http://www.saylor.org/courses/econ102/ DQ1: Self Introduction and Understanding Plagiarism. DQ2: The three primary concerns in macroeconomic analysis. Please submit your responses to DQ1 and DQ2 to the Forum Section. 2 Measuring Aggregate Output • LO 8: Describe the measurement of GDP using the expenditure approach and the income approach. • LO 9: Explain the other measures of output and income and learn their distinction from one another. • LO 10: Distinguish between the real and nominal values. • LO 11: Analyze the problems associated with using GDP as a measure of...
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...and explain how each affects the price and economic growth of an economy. • LO 4: Articulate why the price-level changes and how it can affect economic stability. • LO 5: Explain how unemployment is calculated and measured in the United States. • LO 6: Demonstrate an understanding of the role of the government in the economy. • LO 7: Identify the components of the macroeconomy and relate them to the circular flow diagram. Describe the characteristics of demand and supply, and apply the demand and supply model. Unit 1 http://www.saylor.org/courses/econ102/ DQ1: Self Introduction and Understanding Plagiarism. DQ2: The three primary concerns in macroeconomic analysis. Please submit your responses to DQ1 and DQ2 to the Forum Section. 2 Measuring Aggregate Output • LO 8: Describe the measurement of GDP using the expenditure approach and the income approach. • LO 9: Explain the other measures of output and income and learn their distinction from one another. • LO 10: Distinguish between the real and nominal values. • LO 11: Analyze the problems associated with using GDP as a measure of...
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