...Q2: For each of the three research papers, identify the specific research question(s) addressed by the author(s) and provide a brief account of the research method employed. (20 marks) Paper one: There are quite a few research questions addressed by the authors, these include; can cannabis, used in isolation, contribute to collisions more than any other characteristics built-in to cannabis users, is there a greater or lower risk of motor collisions when drivers have recently consumed cannabis, and is there a relationship between reckless driving and frequency of driving under the influence of cannabis (DUIC) among young cannabis users? The study itself is a quantitative study and was observational. The participants were 72 young male adult cannabis users; male, as they were found to be more reckless whilst driving (Beirness & Beasley, 2009). The participants were recruited through telephone interviews, where they were briefed about filling out a questionnaire and participating in a driving simulator task. The participants completed several driving simulator tasks and were observed by the authors on their performance. The authors employed the French version of the Dula Dangerous Driving Index (DDDI) to determine the presence of dangerous driving habits, such as aggressive driving, risky driving and...
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...“limitations of paper-and pencil self-monitoring (PM)” (2003, p. 73). One of the techniques for getting data on drinking and the inner mood of someone is known as paper-and-pencil self-monitoring (PM) (Collins, Kashdan, & Gollnisch, 2003). Some of the limitations of this (PM) system are the possibility of false data, and not being able to get accurate background data to understand the behaviors that are trying to be monitored. This method was compared to the cell phone monitoring (CM) to gather data on alcohol use. The research concludes that CM and IVR is a lucrative way to gather self-monitoring data (Collins, Kashdan, & Gollnisch, 2003). The research in this study analysis the difference between passenger’s conversations in a vehicle with the driver and driving while talking on a cell phone. To be safe the research all took place in a driving simulator, while having different driving distractions come up in the simulator. These were broken down into three different levels of driving performance. “First is an operational or control level, second involves skills needed for maneuvering the vehicle in traffic, and the last is more executive, goal-directed aspects of driving” (Drews, Pasupathi, & Strayer, 2008, p. 392). The research indicates that both the cell phone conversations and passenger conversations have their own different impacts on the driver’s ability to drive. The driver’s ages, either young or older, had the same results. Another research report analyzed...
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...Retrieved August 31, 2015, from http://time.com/money/3896931/volvo-self-parking-accident/ MLA Format: Davidson, Jacob. "This Car Safety Demo Went Terribly Wrong." Time. Time, 26 May 2015. Web. 27 Sept. 2015. This article is an analysis of a viral video that started floating around in May of 2015. The video featured a brand new 2015 Volvo XC60 vehicle that is equipped with a forward detection and autonomous braking system that detects object in front of the car and stop it before a collision occurs. The video shows the test failed and ultimately crashed into the unsuspecting pedestrian who was seemingly expecting the vehicle to stop. Time magazine summarized the video and investigated the lingering questions everyone was thinking, “What went wrong?” and “Why did the car not stop?” Time investigated that the people involved with the test were under the impression the forward detection and braking systems would stop the car before hitting the pedestrian. When Time reached out to the automaker, they let us know the vehicle was actually not equipped with the optional pedestrian detection upgrade that would have prevented this accident. This article helped me prove the argument of human error in my research paper. A huge factor of autonomous driving systems is the fact that people believe that they are not as safe as the automakers say they are. When the video first surfaced, it went viral and opponents of autonomous driving cars used this as proof of their unreliability. This article...
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...Ana Gordina Application Paper - BUAD 307 April 20, 2015 Self-Driving Taxis (Uber): Secondary Market Research Proposal Description: Self-driving taxis will be provided by Uber and would create an additional type of transportation offered to consumers. These taxis will not require a human driver to be present at the wheel. The car will include the latest technology, including GPS systems and smart traffic control, which will get the customer from point A to point B upon request and with minimal delays. The concept of self-driving cars has become very popular in the recent years. About 10 years ago, people were suspect about the safety and overall feasibility of the self-driving machines, let alone self-driving taxis. Today, as more tech companies, like Google, are coming up with these cars and testing their performance, people become more willing to give up their seat at the wheel (Emarketer). Whenever new technology comes out in the market, marketers manipulate on how a specific customer segment will react to the product. Take for example, personal computers or internet and how nobody could have predicted that these products would become a commodity. Yet, today, people can’t picture living without them. Knowing what are the benefits and costs of the product make it easier to create a marketing plan for the product. Thus, this report will cover the following subtopics: 1. Benefits and costs of self-driving taxis 2. Potential pricing strategies and costs to the...
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...GOOGLE SELF-DRIVEN CAR THESIS NAME: INSTITUTION: COURSE PREFIX: COURSE NUMBER: DATE OF SUBMISSION: 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 GOOGLE SELF-DRIVEN CAR The Google self-driven car is an automated car that operates automatically with no physical human input. It is a project developed by Google Company that involves the development of technology in automated vehicles mostly the electric type of vehicles. The software responsible for the management of the vehicle in its operations is the Google chauffeur. The project is under the management of a Google engineer Sebastian Thrun. He is an experienced engineer who previously worked for the former director in the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. In addition, he previously worked as a co-inventor of the Google Street view. The development of the robotic vehicle was first showcased in 2005 in the DARPA Grand Challenge where it won the award. There was an able team of 15 engineers who developed the system in collaboration with the Google Company. Some included Chris Urmson, Mike Montemerlo and lastly Anthony Levandowski, involved in the DARPA Grand and Urban Challenges (Thrun, 2010). In the technological point of view, the automated Google vehicles comprise of parts and equipment that are worth 150000 dollars inclusive of the 70000 dollars for the LiDAR system. It possesses a range finder strategically placed on the top part of the vehicle called the Velodyne...
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...removing the human element in regards to driving and delegating more of those duties to the computer. Some manufacturers have made it easier to park or stay in the correct lane while some manufacturers are looking into a complete autonomous vehicle (AV). These are completely self-driving cars which the computer system controls every aspect of the drive. AVs have the potential to alter the landscape of driving like it has never been altered before. They have the potential to reduce the number of deadly crashes, provide transportation to elderly and disabled people and provide more capacity on the road. This paper will address the overall safety benefit of these vehicles. The first section will provide details into the technology behind the AV. This technology is the main component of the AV and will provide the safety factors in the system. The technology is currently in some cars and will advance to cover more systems as the AV becomes more accepted. The second section will cover the safety of the vehicle. It will delve into the number of accidents currently happening with human drivers to the tests of AVs. It will also bring up different factors which cause human accidents which are not present in a computer. Finally the third section will cover the health benefits of AVs. Stress is a major cause of most medical conditions. Driving in some instances cause major stress. So if a computer is driving the car then that should lessen the overall...
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...Abstract Kowalski, R.,& Westen. D. (2005). Psychology (4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley This paper will examine basic concepts of human interaction from a psychology perspective. It will describe at least two examples of how human behavior changes based on social situations. The two behaviors that this paper will examine are teenagers who drink in a crowd of their peers but don't drink when they are alone and taking part in bullying in a group but not alone. In both of these scenarios the individual who participates in the behaviors to fit in are “changing their attitudes or behavior to accommodate the standards of peers or group by a process called conformity (Kowalski & Westen, 2005).” The paper will also discuss precursors and consequences of both of these behaviors. Next, the paper will analyze and identify any associated phenomenon like social facilitation, social loafing , or groupthink. Last, there will be some discussion from the NIMH on whether or not these behaviors necessitate intervention. Social Influences Paper Introduction “Sociologist and philosophers have recognized that people behave different in crowds than they do as individuals and that a crowd is more than the mere sum of its parts (Kowalski & Westen, 2005).” Human behavior changes based on the social situations they encounter. This paper will examine basic concepts of human interaction from a psychology perspective. It will describe at least...
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...will be different, and the producers will certainly be different. The team believe that these changes will affect billions of people – from soccer moms to automotive executives, from taxi drivers to investment bankers. The data tells us that consumers are demanding greener, safer, more convenient and affordable cars. Most of these new consumers will come from emerging markets like China and India. Consequently, new trends will force car producers to modernize their supply chain, become more competitive and make lighter cars. Moreover, technology will play a huge part in changing the overall automotive landscape. Self-driving cars, car-cab services (Uber, Lyft, etc.), car pooling and the Internet of Cars all seemed like science-fiction will not remain not so long ago. Now many of them have become reality. There were a lot of data available online since countless research is being carried on cars. Major data source was data.gov for example, the website had an entire section on transportation data. Unsurprisingly, cleaning the data took a lot of time. Most of the data came from many different sources and each dataset required a few hours to clean. Rest all other data are searched & linked accordingly in the story. There are many parts of the database which are collected. It was divided into four parts. These are the internet technology which will affect the future of cars, the convenience and safety of the passenger, the emission control and weight of the future cars and...
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...European Journal of Business and Management ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online) Vol.6, No.5, 2014 www.iiste.org Risk Exposures, Vulnerability and Mitigation Methods among Road Transport Workers in Nigeria Festus M Epetimehin PhD Joseph Ayo Babalola University, Ikeji- Arakeji fessy51@yahoo.co.uk, fmepetimehin@jabu.edu.ng Abstract This study examines risk exposures among Road Transport Worker and their methods of mitigation. A simple random sampling technique was used to select respondents from Lagos State. Nigeria. In order to determine how different types of risk exposures contribute to number of accidents on the roads, Cramer’s V was used to analyze and test the formulated hypotheses at 0.05 significant levels. The result of the findings revealed that age, driving experience, treatment seeking behavior and speed limit have significant relationship with drivers’ risk exposures. The study also reveals that younger drivers are more exposed to accident than older drivers and the treatment seeking behavior used by the Road Transport workers exposed them as well as their families to financial danger. In line with these findings, it was recommended that Road Transport Workers, RTW should use a formalized means to mitigate their losses. Keywords: Risk, Vulnerability, Mitigation, Risk exposure, Accident, Insurance 1.0 Introduction Risk is an integral part of mankind. It is a permanent and important part of life. Everyone is exposed to various kind of risk including their...
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...Term Paper Critically discuss the theories of motivation. Driving forces to get admission in the University of Dhaka Course: Principle of Management Prepared for Mr. Masudur Rahman Assistant Professor, Department of Marketing University of Dhaka Date of Submission April 16, 2011 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL 16 April 2011 Mr. Masudur Rahman Assistant Professor, Department of Marketing University of Dhaka Dear Sir, As per the task assigned by you as term paper, an effort has been made to prepare this presentation paper on “Critically discuss the theories of motivation. Driving forces to get admission in the University of Dhaka” of Principles of Management course. Doing this report has been a very worthwhile experience for me. I have tried to prepare the paper a comprehensive one within given time. Any sort of query will be highly appreciated. There could be some mistakes, if any for some constraints during the process of preparing this report. However, I apologize for all those and beg your kind consideration in this regard. I hope that you would be kind enough to receive this presentation paper and bless me wholeheartedly. Sincerely yours, Mohammad Sharifur Rahman, Student ID No - 41119049 Department of Marketing TABLE OF CONTENTS Parts Page |EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . .. ……………………………… |4 | | ...
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...Individual Research Paper Vladimir Teplizkiy Foundation of Business Methods Lori Travis 11/01/14 What is the future of driving? Almost 120 years ago, the first car was manufactured. Nowadays, cars are the main on-ground transportation. Although vehicles help people a lot in their full of movement and energy modern life, cars are taking away people’s time, which they spend behind the wheel. Cars are also a means of transportation that is associated with a high chance of life-threatening risks. So how can Google change that? Google’s credo is “Think Bigger,” and they are doing that by coming up with ideas, that are far ahead of our time. Larry Page once said, “We want to build technology that everybody loves using, and that affects everyone. We want to create beautiful, intuitive services and technologies that are so incredibly useful that people use them twice a day. Like they use a toothbrush. There isn’t that many things people use twice a day” (as cited in Carlson, 2011). Google has come up with a project that will change the way people consider driving. The project took its start in 2009 with some of the very best engineers from the DARPA Challenges, a series of autonomous vehicle races organized by the U.S. Government. This project will help to prevent traffic accidents, free up people’s time and reduce carbon emissions by fundamentally changing car use. According to World Health Organization (2013), approximately 1.3 million people...
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...Americas teenagers. I will be discussing several point in this paper from various studies to what exactly alcoholism is and the different dangers of this disease. This is a very personal topic to me so I hope you enjoy my research paper. The first point being addressed is what exactly alcoholism is. According to The Reader’s Digest Great Encyclopedic Dictionary, alcoholism “is a diseased condition resulting from the excessive use or persistent use of alcoholic beverages.” Alcoholism has divided into two major forms--alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence (Goodwin 1998). Alcohol abuse is the excessive consumption of alcohol which has detrimental effects on the people and situations surrounding an individual; whereas, alcohol dependence is a physical attachment to the alcohol. Alcohol abuse leads to hazardous behavior, such as drunken driving and continued drinking despite negative consequences on family, work, or social functioning. Alcohol dependence involves withdrawal symptoms when alcohol is not used, and lack of control over drinking despite serious social and medical problems (Goodwin 1998). Various studies have been performed to show the relationship between alcoholism and genetics. New research on male twins show that genes play a critical role in the development of milder forms of alcoholism, such as, occasional abuse that can land the drinker in dangerous circumstances, particularly while driving (Goodwin 1998). The genetic similarity between twins makes them...
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...This paper presents the concept and prototype of a gamified smartphone application for enhancing the checkout process at supermarket cash desks. The application realizes a self-service system applied within a laboratory experiment conducted with 65 participants. A comparison to the traditional process shows a significant increase in customer motivation and user experience. As its primary aspect, the study investigates the impact of personality traits on the users’ evaluation of the gamified service. The surveyed personality traits include computer-related causal attributions, trust, and technology readiness. Attributions can be understood as individuals’ causal explanations for events influencing their emotions, motivation, and behavior. Results...
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...Social Development Research Purposeful Aging: Teleological Perspectives on the Development of Social Interest in Late Adulthood By Jeffrey M. Penick * Explain why you chose this topic and article Being a child of young parents had enabled me to view my elders in a different light. Social Media has left what I perceive the middle aged, 65 to 75 years of age, behind the times. People are living longer and the perception of “old” is outdated. Social interests need to be met for all ages 80, 90 and yes 100 years old. * Key points of the article One of the key points of the article was the discussion of the expectations of change in social interest late in adulthood and how these changes are and will continue to augment the fabric of later social development. Another key point made was that social interests and needs are changing with the largest demographic, whose center and purpose is degrading with the release of day-to-day parenting duties, spouse or intimate partner loss, and the decline in health and career and employment demands. These fore mentioned factors have been driving your early adult life for many years and to have a sudden decline with no replacement or substitution, will drive the desire for innovative social interests and inspirations. Lastly, later in life, with many burdensome conditions lifted, there is a lot of time for self-reflection and expression of interest in real or synthetic communities. The article made valid points that purposeful...
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...who will adopt electric vehicles? a segmentation approach of UK consumers Dr Jillian anable The Centre for Transport Research University of aberdeen St Mary’s, Elphinstone Road aberdeen, UK, ab24 3Uf j.anable@abdn.ac.uk Dr geertje Schuitema Department of Marketing and Statistics aarhus University haslegaardsvej 10 DK-8210 aarhus V, Denmark g.Schuitema@asb.dk Dr Stephen Skippon Shell global Solutions Shell Technology Centre Thornton P.o. box 1 Chester, UK, Ch1 3Sh steve.skippon@shell.com Dr neale Kinnear Transport Research laboratory Crowthorne house, nine Mile Ride wokingham, UK, Rg40 3ga nkinnear@trl.co.uk Keywords electric vehicles, consumer preferences, segmentation two-wave design was aimed at reducing psychological distance, supporting information transfer into long-term memory, and facilitating non-conscious processing, thus better representing consumer choice processes. Applying cluster analysis to the various attitudinal measures, participants are segmented according to their pro-social and technology-oriented inclinations and some conclusions as to the characteristics of EV consumers are presented. Abstract Climate change programmes around the globe are relying heavily on the electrification of transport, especially private battery electric vehicles and plug-in hybrids (‘EVs’). These are novel technologies of which mainstream consumers have very little experience and knowledge, so they are psychologically distant from the category. This presents...
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