Premium Essay

Seminarian

In: Philosophy and Psychology

Submitted By MANAF
Words 2917
Pages 12
INTRODUCTION
Baruch Spinoza was born a Jew in Amsterdam in 1632. His religious opinions caused his expulsion from the synagogue. He became associated with the Christian circle after his expulsion though he did not profess Christianity. His whole life was spent in Holland and Hague. He was always poor and withdrawn and he earned his living by polishing lenses. He was still young when he died in 1677. He was a rationalist, determinist and a pantheist. Spinoza’s philosophy was profoundly influenced by Descartes.
His writings were mainly in Latin with few in Dutch. The most important of his works include the brief treatise of God, Man and his happiness, the tractacus theologico-politico, the cogitata metaphysica and, above all, his masterwork, published after his death: the ethica ordine geometric demonstrate.
In our presentation, we will discuss his metaphysics and on his metaphysics we look at what is substance, substance-monism, God and the world, and communication between substances. We will look at his ethics and on his ethics we will consider his work on Man. We will discuss his epistemology and on his epistemology we will look at levels of knowledge. We will then proceed to criticize his philosophy and finally make our conclusion.

METAPHYSICS
Spinoza follows in the path established by Descartes. He adopts Descartes’ situation as his starting point. For Descartes, substance was understood as that which has need of nothing else in order to exist; strictly speaking, only God could be substance. Afterward Descartes came across other substances which did not need other creatures in order to exist, although they did need God; these were the res cogitans and res extansa. Spinoza accepts this quite rigorously, and defines substance in this way: “by substance I understand, that which exists in itself and is conceived through itself, that is, that thing the concept of

Similar Documents

Free Essay

The Effects of Using Gadgets in the Academic Formation of Grade 9 Seminarians

...Anton Miguel H. Viado Filipino 10 Pagsusuri sa El Filibusterismo Tauhan Ang mga tauhan sa pinanood naming pagtatanghal sa teatro ay kumpleto. Nagtugma ang mga nakita kong tauhan sa libro at ang mga tauhan sa pinanood namin. Ngunit may mga nadagdag na tauhan upang mapaganda pa ang itinanghal nila. Ang mga aktor at mga aktress ay angkop naman sa kanilang mga tauhan, umangat ang karakter ni Simoun dahil sa gumanap nito dahil magaling siyang umarte at magsalita. Ginampanan niya talaga ang karakter niya bilang isang bida. Isang tauhan na nagustuhan ko ay si Mr. Leeds. Nang makita ko siya ay natuwa ako sa kanya dahil sa kanyang paraan ng pagsalita dahil nakakatawa siya. Sa kabuuan, ang mga aktor at aktress ay angkop sa kanilang karakter at ginampanan nila ang kanilang trabaho upang maging maganda ang kalabasan ng palabas. II. Tagpuan Nagkatugma naman ang mga tagpuan na ipinakita sa palabas at ang mga tagpuan sa libro. Angkop ang mga kagamitan nila at naipakita naman nila ang mga tagpuan na kailangang ipakita. Kasama rin kami sa tagpuan dahil gumamit kami ng imahinasyon upang mapaniwala ang aming mga sarili na ang mga nakikita naming tagpuan ay totoo at kapanipaniwala. Sa kabuuan para sa akin masasabi kong maganda ang kinalabasan ng mga tagpuan ngunit...

Words: 733 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Locus of Control , Study Habits and Attitudes and Seminarian Academic Performance

...Tests are very important phenomena in schooling. Expectedly, students must take several tests in the course of their schooling as the results of such are essential for a number of reasons. For instance, the results are used to make important decisions about students and educational programs including determining levels of curriculum mastery, report card grades, grade level promotions, honours, and graduation (Carter et.al. 2005). Also, educators and policy makers use examination records to monitor students’ learning progress and to assess the effectiveness of their instruction and identify ways to improve it (Salend, 2009). However, many students experience test anxiety, especially, in Nigeria where many examinations are centralised and highly competitive. For instance, examinations such as the West African School Certificate Examination (WASCE), National Examination Council (NECO), Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME) and Post-UTME tests are highly competitive and therefore stress the acquisition of knowledge at all costs by the students, British Journal of Psychology Research Vol.2, No.1, pp.14-24, March 2014 Published by European Centre for Research Training and Development UK (www.ea-journals.org) 15 since performance in these exams is necessary for obtaining admission for higher education at universities, polytechnics and colleges of education. Coupled with the fact that there is a quota system (which limits the chance of a student...

Words: 320 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Factors of Career Choices as Determined by External Milieus

...FACTORS OF CAREER CHOICES AS DETERMINED BY EXTERNAL MILIEUS A Micro Research Paper Arabia, Lord Mark Anthony M. Villones, Wilson C. ED 4 Educational Research and Evaluation Masilang, Judy Marcia M. 22 March 2012 THE RESEARCH PROBLEM Career choice is an ongoing process, needs in-depth study, and requires much thought as it a decision that affects your future. As you learn new things you get an understanding of what you are interested in, what you would enjoy doing and what will be one of the best paying options. Career planning is a never-ending process as you gain experiences, grow, and improve. You need to give it a thought (Koonar, 2009). And there would always be a time that students will definitely begin to discern their future career. When the students reached this point, they now start to solicit ideas of what course to be selected as an embodiment of their future career. However, though most of them solicit ideas from the people who are learned in a particular discerning situation, they usually end up selecting their own choices (Polistico, 2009). When they fail to choose what their hearts desire, then would most likely shift course and end up the college level doubling the time intended for the particular course. The purpose of the study is to determine if career choice is really determined by the external milieus to which the students used to live. Furthermore, it seeks primarily to explore the extent of how these external factors could predict students’...

Words: 2051 - Pages: 9

Free Essay

Fidesetratio77

...God’s undeniable love and unrivaled mercy, the Diocese of Borongan continues to tend sheeps and bring people closer to God. Though, the province is categorized as economically poor, the diocese still have to claw her way to fulfill the demands of a growing Christian population. The diocese has been graced with 97 priests, including religious priests. Of whom, 71 are active in their fields, 2 retirees and 24 are serving outside the diocese. Despite the number, the need for more priests is still an urgent call to answer. In order to cater the local problems and mindful of the socio cultural history of the province, Seminario de Jesus Nazareno, 48-year-old minor seminary with 118 seminarians and Nativity of our Lady College Seminary, 18-year-old major seminary with 41 major seminarians and 18 seminarians who are burning their eye brows in studying Philosophy and Theology will shoulder the future of the diocese. The diocese is also in various avenues to spread the Gospel and to suit with the demands of the present world. Recently, the newspaper, on-air radio and website of the diocese were launched to help the Catholic TV13 to attract people especially the youth. On the year 2010, to aid and give assistance to our wounded and priests in advanced age, Priests’ home was opened. On 2011 St. There Monastery was built. With 385 000 Catholics of 400 000 inhabitants who populate the 34 parishes/quasi-parishes, the Diocese of Borongan is a witness of God’s profound love for His people...

Words: 264 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Facebook

...Jeraldine Mae Mateo PETA IN CLE 10-OLG 1. Describe Pope Francis as a child, student, seminarian, and pope. Pope Francis as a child he is very loving son to his mother and father. He is also respectful Pope Francis really love his family. As a student Pope Francis shared a fondness for dancing and traditional music of Argentina and Uruguay, known as milonga. Pope Francis attained his preliminary education from Wilfrid Barón de los Santos Ángeles, post which he graduated from Escuela Nacional de Educación Técnica Hipólito Yrigoyen as a chemical technician. As a seminarian he accepts the calling of God because of one priest he talk to. He realize that h want to spend his life with God. As a pope a true advocator of humility and self-effacement, Pope Francis has been noted for his commitment to serve the poor and needy and to bridge gaps between people of different backgrounds, faiths and beliefs. All through his life as a priest, Pope Francis has considered social outreach, rather than doctrinal battles, to be the essential business of the church. 2. Compare the life story of Pope Francis to these heroes A) Kristel Mae Padasas-Volunteer: Kristel and Pope Francis are also the same they want to serve God by helping other people by volunteering to help people who are really in need Pope Francis and kristel has the same heart they are really happy when they help people that’s why kristel is...

Words: 491 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

People Comparable to Hitler

...Logan 1 Emily Logan Mr. Sgrignoli CHY 4U1 6 June 2014 TITLE Although Adolf Hitler is often credited as the Twentieth Centuries most evil man, there are others who could easily be seen as equally sharing this assumption. Undoubtedly, Hitler was an extremely evil man and was responsible for the deaths of millions of people during his time in power in World War Two, however there are other past world leaders who were responsible for the deaths of many more people. Through examining Joseph Stalin, the dictator of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics from 1929-1953, and Mao Zedong, the chairman of the Communist Party of China from 1945-1976, it is clear that Hitler cannot accurately hold the title of being the most evil man in history. Adolf Hitler was born on April 20 in the small Austrian town of Braunau. In his early years Hitler excelled at school and was admired for his leadership qualities (history.com), however when he reached high school he found the work to be much more difficult. When Hitler was fifteen years old he failed his exams and was informed he would need to repeat that school year. Stubbornly, Hitler refused to continue with his education and dropped out of school. When he was eighteen years old his father, Alois Hitler, passed away. Hitler used the money he Logan 2 inherited from his later father to move to Vienna in hopes of pursuing a career in the arts. He applied to the Vienna Academy of Art and the School of Architecture, to which he was both...

Words: 1966 - Pages: 8

Free Essay

Popepope

...Popepular Cristian Terencio UC-18 Pope Francis as a child, He is hard working and a well-mannered guy. Doing chores and etc. As a young student, He early recognizes the importance of knowledge and learning. By doing so, Pope Francis graduated from technical school. As a seminarian, he believes in god and in other hand believes in science as well. Having faith and have a high intellectual capacity proves that he is worthy to serve god and receive the calling. And lastly as a pope, I think he is a right man who would be a man of God, a man of pastoral governance, with a sense of church universal and good communicator. The story of the 5 modern heroes inspire us all, their stories compare to our pope stories is much similar. First is Kristel Mae Padasas who serve God willingly even at the typhoon and the disapprovement of her parents. Like the pope whose parents disapprove his decision of serving God. Second one is Dr. Gomez who protects environment like pope. He led the world’s first national-scale assessment of damage to coral reefs leading to international conservation initiatives such as replanting of corals. The third one is Joey Velasco who is only 43 years old when he passed away because of a life-threatening kidney disease. Best known for his work Hapag ng Pag-asa, or Table of Hope, which depicts the Last Supper with Jesus and street...

Words: 323 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Jason Wyman's 'Interpreting Constructive Theology'

... Finally, in chapter five, Wyman writes that there is a difference between systematic theology verses constructive theology. The former appears is as its namesake claims, a finite set of systems used in determining “god-talk”. Yet, constructive is more open. modern and pluralistic. However, I don’t believe the two are all that different, or perhaps a better way to phrase it is, the two processes are need each other. To quote Luther, you can’t have true freedom without rules or boundaries. This again begs the question I asked early on in this entry, how do we asses our own theological truth if everything is open for discussion? Is tradition a bad thing? Or is our theology opaque and ungrounded? I know it is a fine line we walk as seminarians and theologians, wanting to be open and accepting to others theologies and ideas, but as this process unfolds for me, I do wonder, have I lost something in that process of being open-ended and pluralistic? ...

Words: 469 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

#Popepular

...GUIDE QUESTIONS FOR #POPEPULAR Mga Tala Ukol sa Pag-aaral ng #Popepular 1. Pope Francis as a child.. he is very kind, and mature.. he is a bright young student and even got a scholarship.. he graduated with honor. As a seminarian.. he follows the rules of God and he is very devoted.. he has most of all of the values of a real pope.. thus he became one.. he became Pope Francis or Papa Francisco.. He is different among the rest.. he loves us us almost as nearly as he loves God.. he cares for us.. and he treats us no differently.. he treats us all equally. 2. a.) I can compare Kristel, a modern Filipino hero, to Pope Francis … she is a young lady that chose to serve people.. and help them.. like when she went to Tacloban because of bagyong Yolanda.. she helped the people and gave them relief goods.. she is a kind-hearted person that cares deeply for other. Even when she was still young she already cared.. and even gave her tuition fee up.. to buy things for others.. like pope Francis they both chose the path to help others.. they both care... and they both helped us all.. and despite both of their parents working abroad they still made it. b.) I can compare Dr. Edgardo, a modern Filipino hero, to pope Francis... he is a smart scientist and professor.. he helped hes two young students.. and helped them.. they stopped the dynamite fishing.. and helped make the world a little bit better.. for all... like pope Francis.. he helped make the world a better place... also both of them...

Words: 767 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Bonhoeffer: Conspiracy And Imprisonment

...The Journal of the anti-Nazi movement. Edited by Mark Brocker, Translator Lisa Dahill The Cost of Discipleship, 1937(1948 in English). English edition with introduction by Bonhoeffer’s friend, Bishop George Bell of the Church of England. One of the most important Christian documents of the 20th Century, it gives the responsibility of following Christ to the individual. “There is a cost of discipleship, anything else is Cheap Grace.” He used the Sermon on the Mount in Matthew to teach discipleship. Life Together. The stimulus for the writing of Life Together was the closing of the preacher's seminary at Finkenwalde. The book contains Bonhoeffer's thoughts about the nature of Christian community based on the common life that he and his seminarians experienced at the seminary and in the "Brother's House" there. Life Together was completed in 1938, published in 1939, and first translated into English in 1954. Letters and Papers from Prison (The first English translation was in 1953 by SCM Press). The writings from prison. Bonhoeffer was not even 40 years old when he became a martyr of the church. Yet, in his short life he provided a Christian witness for the ages. His understanding of the cost of being a follower of Christ is an example for us to follow. My fourth...

Words: 1044 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Frederic Baraga Research Paper

...Venerable Frederic Baraga's History Venerable Bishop Frederic Baraga, first bishop of the Diocese of Marquette (from 1853 until 1868), was the first of many Slovenian missionaries to come to the United States to help build up the American Catholic Church. Baraga's two successor bishops in Marquette, Most Reverend Ignatius Mrak and Most Reverend John Vertin, attribute their missionary vocations to him as well. The seminarian, St. John Neumann, was inspired to come to America after reading Baraga's missionary accounts in Berichte, a publication of the Leopoldine Missionary Society in Vienna. Frederic Baraga was born on June 29, 1797 in the castle of Mala vas in the Northwestern part of Slovenia. Political upheavals in the Austrian Empire unwittingly...

Words: 1436 - Pages: 6

Premium Essay

Finding Meaning In St. Gregory's Catholi

...them and prayed to God for healing. At this point in her conversion, she had come to understand how her liberation theological perspectives varied greatly from those that had been imposed for centuries in the Church, but Sara continued to do what she felt was beneficial to her fellow man. In this example, Sara genuinely empathized with the guilt that the couple from the pantry was feeling over their daughter. In her mind, she sought to extend even a small amount of solace to them by reflecting on her own” dark days” and then communicating the need to be appreciative of them as the “dark days” can create a resiliency in character and a desire to better one’s life (Miles, 133). Sara was, of course, criticized for this and was told by a seminarian that watching her lay hands on the couple was uncomfortable to witness. Her credibility and authority, as the Church sees it, was challenged because she, herself, was just a layperson and the “ritual” was being performed in the most informal of places- a food pantry (Miles, 133). However, with keeping in alignment to the liberation theology perspectives she partially gleaned from Martin-Baro, Miles was able to position herself as someone who the poor and the suffering could identify with (Miles 43). Miles took pride in the notion that those individuals, who many perceive to be the under-belly of society, could seek the acceptance and healing fundamentals of the Catholic and Christian faiths without feeling ostracized because of their...

Words: 1030 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Paper

...Patriece Davis REL 331 Professor Wissel February 22, 2014 Word Count: 1558 Christianity “Christianity developed out of Judaism in the 1st century C.E. It is founded on the life, teachings, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ, and those who follow him are called "Christians." Christianity has many different branches and forms with accompanying variety in beliefs and practices. The three major branches of Christianity are Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, and Protestantism, with numerous subcategories within each of these branches. Until the latter part of the 20th century, most adherents of Christianity were in the West, though it has spread to every continent and are now the largest religion in the world. Traditional Christian beliefs include the belief in the one and only true God, who is one being and exists as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, and the belief that Jesus is the divine and human Messiah sent to the save the world. Christianity is also noted for its emphasis on faith in Christ as the primary component of religion. The sacred text of Christianity is the Bible, including both the Hebrew Scriptures (also known as the Old Testament) and the New Testament. Central to Christian practice is the gathering at churches for worship, fellowship, and study, and engagement with the world through evangelism and social action.” (Patheos Library) There are so many different religions throughout the world, but Christianity is one of the most diverse of them all. Within...

Words: 1641 - Pages: 7

Premium Essay

Euthanasia

...Active and Passive Euthanasia Active and passive euthanasia have been debatable topics for years. The word “euthanasia”, derived from the Greek “eu-thanatos” simply means “a good death” (Perri, 1996). Passive (voluntary) euthanasia occurs when a terminally ill patient expressed his/her wish to remove life-supports and the patient is permitted to die “naturally” or “as a consequence of the disease.” Active (involuntary) euthanasia—that is the bringing about of a person's death without the consent of the person—it is almost always treated as homicide, even when the act can be recognized as producing a "merciful death" (Larue, 1999). It is often argued that doctors are justified in allowing their patients to die by withdrawing or withholding treatment, but are not justified in killing them. Although, active and passive euthanasia might seem generally accepted by the medical profession, at the same time, it is still broadly debated. As it is directly derived from the Rachels’s article, the debate revolves around the following statement: “it is permissible, at least in some cases, to withhold treatment and allow a patient to die, but it is never permissible to take any direct action designed to kill the patient” (364). There is a debate as to whether there is really any difference between active and passive euthanasia. In the minds of some, the removal of life-support, or passive euthanasia, is defined as "doing something to terminate life" (Larue, 1999). At the same time, "passive...

Words: 1909 - Pages: 8

Premium Essay

Saint John Bosco Research Paper

...taking in children from the streets in 1852 he had 36 children to house. By the 1860’s, he and his mother were responsible for housing over 800 children. He dedicated much of his time trying to negotiate rights for the children who were apprentices because during those times they had very few rights. Many apprentices were beaten and abused by their owners. Contracts were made with the owners so the children would not be harmed while performing the work they had to do. He would also help identify children who could eventually become priests and would encourage them to become priests. Some of the parish priests accused him of moving children from their own parishes. In 1859 he founded The Society Of Saint Francis De Salles. He organized 15 seminarians and also had one teenage boy in the group. The purpose of the group would be to carry out works of charity and mercy, focused on helping abandoned boys. . They helped boys stay out of trouble. This organization still exists today. It continues to help children that are in need around the world. Saint John Bosco died on January 31, 1881. They wanted to canonize him immediately because of all the amazing and selfless acts of charity that he had performed throughout his life. In 1929 he was canonized on Easter Sunday. In 2002, Pope John Paul II declared Saint John Bosco, The Patron of Stage Magicians. He had pioneered the art of what is today called "Gospel Magic," which uses magic to attract the attention of the children and encourage...

Words: 1433 - Pages: 6