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Sen 601

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SOFTWARE ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES (SEN 601)
Final Project BY S M Atik Morshed 023281994

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Table of Contents
1. Introduction................................................................................................................................................. 3 1.1 Purpose ................................................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Document Conventions ......................................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Project Scope.......................................................................................................................................... 3 1.4 References .............................................................................................................................................. 3 2. Overall Description .................................................................................................................................... 4 2.1 Product Perspective ............................................................................................................................... 4 2.2 Product Features..................................................................................................................................... 4 2.3 Mission, Values, and Goals……………………………………………………………………..4 2.4 System Overview…………………………………………………………………………………4

2.5 Design and Implementation Constraints…………………………………………………...5
2.6 Definitions…………………………………………………………………………………………..5 3. UML Models…………………………………………………………………………………………….6 3.1 Parking Gate Interface……………………………………………………………………………...6 3.2 Manager Interface…………………………………………………………………………………..6 3.3 Parking Lot Controller Interface……………………………………………………………………6 3.4 Parking Sensor System Interface…………………………………………………………………...6 3.5 Display Interface……………………………………………………………………………………6 4 System Models…………………………………………………………………………………………...7 4.1 Scalability…………………………………………………………………………………………..7 4.2 Timing……………………………………………………………………………………………...8 5 Goals and Scenarios……………………………………………………………………………………..8 6 Requirements…………………………………………………………………………………………..10 7 SUBCOMPONENTS………………………………………………………………………………..…11 Appendix A: Analysis Models .......................................................................................................................12 Use case Diagram……………………………………………...………………………………12 Activity Diagram………………………………………………………………….…………………..13 Sequence Diagram…………………………………………………………………………………….14 State Diagram………………………………………………………………………………………….15 2

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1 Introduction
1.1 Purpose

The most common problem that students and faculty face on campuses today is finding a slot to park their cars. Frustrated students waste time and gas every day driving around from parking lot to parking lot, from row to row, in order to find a place to park their car. When the student finally manages to find a parking spot they often find it to be restricted or a faculty parking. Often enough the student must make the choice to either be late for class or to park in a restricted area and risk receiving a parking ticket. Though, individually these parking tickets are not a large amount, over the school year the costs of these tickets pile up to quite a substantial amount. Furthermore, parking in restricted slots such as faculty parking slots introduces the same problem for the faculty – less available slots to park means faculty also has to search around to find parking slots risking tardiness and tickets.

1.2

Document Conventions

The following are list of conventions and acronym used in this document and the project. Intended Audience and Reading Suggestions * User: User of the system such as customer, visitor. Anyone who interact with the system using the user interface layer. * Use Case: A broad level diagram of the project showing basis overview.

1.3 Scope This document is intended to provide a detailed description of the application. However, it does not give description of tools used while developing the application.

1.4

References

1. Roger S. Pressman Software Engineering, A Practitioner’s Approach, 7e 2. James Rumbaugh, Ivar Jacobson, Grady Booch, The Unified Modeling Language Reference Manual 3. J Magee and J Kramer, “Concurrency State Models and JAVA Programming,” John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2nd Edition, 2006 4. Bruegge, Bernd and Allen H Dutoit. Global Control Flow: Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java. Prentice Hall, 2010 3

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2 Overall Descriptions

2.1

Product Perspective

The current System as developed was not the original idea for the system. The original idea of the System was limited to multi-level parking garages. The system would assist in directing the driver to an empty parking space within a parking garage.

2.2

Product Features

I propose a more complete system for a parking garage to help drivers locate empty spaces. This system will actually direct the driver to an empty parking space. The system will utilize the parking space sensors previously mentioned to determine if a space is empty or occupied. When a driver pulls into the parking garage the system will locate the closest empty parking space. This space might be the closest to the elevator, stairs, or exit. The system will direct the driver to this space by using electronic signs throughout the garage that display arrows for the driver to follow.

2.3 Mission, Values, and Goals The mission of the project is to provide current parking availability of the different parking lots around the NU campus (as an example), reduce the average time it takes drivers to reach their destination once they enter the boundary of the NU campus, collect parking information for future parking optimization, and decrease the use of gas needed to find a parking space.

2.4 System Overview The System is motivated by the need for decreasing the time it takes drivers to locate parking spaces on the NU campus. Drivers can waste a significant amount of time and gas driving around a facility locating an empty parking space. The System will utilize sensors and computer networks to provide real time parking space usage to users of the system. The system will include a main server that stores parking usage data that can be utilized by operators of the system to optimize the parking capability of the university. An overview of the system is shown in Figure 1.

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Figure 1: System Concept Diagram

2.5 Design and Implementation Constraints The system will make use of electronic signs to give drivers, information regarding parking availability before they enter the facility. Once inside, color coded LED displays will lead motorists to the vacant spaces. Parking spaces can be made unavailable by the building manager bypassing the sensors. This and other configuration options will be made available through a GUI interface. 2.6 Definitions 2.6.1 Parking Lot The parking lot consists of one entrance and 1 exit. There are 72 (approximate) parking spaces with 8 being handicap and 4 being reserved for staff. 2.6.2 Entrance The entrance consists of a gate, a display showing the precise number of available parking spaces, a tag reader. The tag reader is activated as soon as the car is within range.

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2.6.3 Exit The exit consists of a gate and an induction loop that is behind the gate to detect when a car approaches the gate 2.7 Assumptions and Limitations Every parking space can be reached from any entrance. • • • • • Every exit can be reached from each parking space. No entrances are convertible to exits and vice versa. Building manager assigns a unique tag to each authorized car. Tag number and vehicle information is stored in a database maintained by the building manager. Emergency situations (e.g. fire) will not be considered here.

3. UML Models
The Parking Lot Occupancy Tracking system can be divided into sub-components as seen in the deployment diagram shown above. The Parking Lot Occupancy Tracking system consists of a parking gate interface, manager interface, parking lot controller system interface, parking sensor system interface, display interface and network interface.

Figure 2: Deployment Diagram 6

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3.1 Parking Gate Interface This subsystem is triggered as soon as a commuter/car arrives near the parking gate. The scanner scans the tag. The unit controller in the interface checks the authorization of the commuter with the database of the system. If authorization confirmed the unit controller triggers the gate to open and let the commuter in the parking lot. If authorization fails, the gate is not opened. 3.2 Manager Interface Manager interface system is an indirect component to the system. The owner/manager of the system plays the role of the manager interface. The system is automated and hence the only role of the manager during the running system is to start/stop, add/delete/edit details of commuters and generates report from the system database. The manager however has the privileges of changing the system configuration and display manually entered messages on the display board during maintenance or system troubleshooting. 3.3 Parking Lot Controller Interface Parking lot controller interface consist of servers and a database that records all the events the system goes through the day. The controller receives and sends information to the unit controllers as well as displays the information on the main display board. 3.4 Parking Sensor System Interface Parking sensor system interface consist of sensors, unit controllers, unit display boards and backup battery for the system. This system is triggered when a car parks or leaves the parking lot. When a commuter parks the car in the parking lot, the sensor detects the action and sends information to the unit controller. The unit controller receives the information and triggers the unit display board to record the action and also send the information to the main controller interface to display the action on the main display board. 3.5 Display Interface Display interface displays the status of the system. It has a unit controller, which records the information and displays the message through the display board. It also consists of a backup battery for the smooth running of the system.

4 System Models

4.1 Scalability The models assume the system is fully scalable. Thus, the models represent a limited number of entryways into the facility. A limited number of parking lots and spaces are modeled. Also, a limited number of users and their preferred buildings will be represented.

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4.2 Timing The models include time, but time is relative and not true time. The time it takes for the user to walk from the parking space to their destination building is reflected. Time is noted to begin when the user enters the facility perimeter and to end when they arrive at their preferred building. Time is not a factor in the sensors, main system, or communication network. Any differences in these sub-architectures are relatively small compared to human perception. However, time may be a factor in the human interface component.

Figure 3: The System Timing Analysis Model

5 Goals and Scenarios

The use case describes all that can happen in the achievement of the system objective. Use Cases drive the requirements engineering phase of development. The various Goals and Scenarios critical to the system are depicted below: Goal 1: Operators must be able to edit and send messages to Display Boards Scenario 1.1: Operator will send messages from the system to the display board. Scenario 1.2: Operator wants to compose a new message that is not available in the list. Goal 2: There must be an on/off button at the control center Scenario 2.1: Emergency shutdown required for maintenance. 8

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Scenario 2.2: Control center to be evacuated in case of fire etc. Goal 3: Operators must be able to stop displaying current message on Display Boards. Scenario 3.1: A higher priority message or warning could be waiting to be displayed. Scenario 3.2: Displayed signs would no longer be valid. Goal 4: The Display Board must be “all weather proof” Scenario 4.1: Display board will be installed in outdoors as well as indoors. Scenario 4.2: Display board will be installed in far south as well as far north Scenario 4.3: There is likelihood of snow, rain; heavy winds etc (should be sturdy enough to withstand adverse conditions) Goal 5: There must be an indicator showing the status of the active Display Board Scenario 5.1: System sends a message to the display board but the display board was disconnected. Scenario 5.2: Display board out of service for maintenance. Scenario 5.3: Network or hardware failure on remote site. Goal 6: The system must store all information about every activity performed at each workstation. Scenario 6.1: Administrator wants to check the logs for specific information. Scenario 6.2: Periodic reports to be generated to check system performance. Goal 7: The system must be secure Scenario 7.1: Unauthorized person tries to login. Scenario 7.2: Operator tries to change system settings, which he is not authorized to. Goal 8: The display board/sensor system must have backup power Scenario 8.1: Power failure occurs. Scenario 8.2: Power cable is broken due to accident. Goal 9: The sensor must be capable of detecting any vehicle Scenario 9.1: Vehicle might be small in dimensions. Scenario 9.2: Vehicle might be parked wrong. 9

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Goal 10: The system must be capable of reporting any system failure to the manager. Scenario 10.1: The system is not displaying information. Scenario 10.2: The sensor is unable to recognize vehicles parked.

6 Requirements

1. The system must contain a database. 1.1. The database should contain all the information about the commuters. 1.2 The database must allow retrieval and addition of information. 2. The system must allow only the authorized users to enter the parking lot. 2.1 The entrance gate control unit should open after the authorization of the commuter. 2.2 The entrance sensor should verify the authorization through the database. 3. The system must display parking space availability. 3.1 The system should display the number of occupied spaces. 3.2 The system should display the number of vacant spaces. 3.3 The system should display messages from the manager during special instances. 3.4 The message should take less than 10 seconds from the control center to the display boards. 3.5 The system should display message on the display board for 3 minutes unless and until stated otherwise. 4. The system must receive a confirmation message for every message sent on the display screen. 5. The system should have individual display boards for all parking spaces. 5.1 The display boards must display green light for available spaces. 5.2 The display boards must display red light for unavailable spaces. 5.3 The display boards must display blue light for handicap parking spaces. 6. The system should recognize the parked vehicle. 10

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6.1 The system sensor must recognize the parked vehicle irrespective of its size. 6.2 The system sensor must recognize and report wrongly parked vehicle. 7. The control center shall have security. 7.1 The control center shall have role based security system. 7.2 Role in the control center shall include supervisor, maintenance and operator. 7.3 The system shall have a counter for number of attempts.

7 SUBCOMPONENTS:
• • • • • • Parking entrance Parking Space Manager Interface Display Controller Sensors

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Appendix A: Analysis Models
Use case diagram

Figure 4: Use case diagram of parking monitoring system. Use case Narrative Car arriving Use case name Actor Description Assumption Initiation Typical Course Of Events /Dialog Car arriving Driver This use case describes the event of the system tracking when a car arrives at the parking lot Parking lot is open The use case is initiated when the car approaches t he entrance gate Actor action System response Step 1: Car approaches gate Step 3: car drive towards first row Step 4: system check the availability for first row Step 5: if a empty space system response Step 6: car drive through the first row and park the car Alternate Post condition Step 4: if no space is available then system display to go next row Parking space status is updated from vacant to occupied 12 Step 2: system detects the car

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Activity Diagram

Figure 5: Activity Diagram of car arrive

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Sequence Diagram

Figure 6: Sequence Diagram of when car approach to the parking system

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State Diagram

Figure 7: State Diagram of parking space finder system

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...Student’s name Instructor’s Name Class Name Date Concept of Capability and UNDP Human Development Reports Introduction The source of the human development approach is from the theory of Sen which says that development comes about only when capabilities expand. The idea generated from the theory is that the core reason for development is to ensure that human lives are improved. This can only be achieved if there is expansion in what they can be or do. It could include things such as the being well nourished and healthy, participating in the activities of the community and being knowledgeable. Hence, development can only occur once the obstacles that were present preventing an individual from doing something are removed. The obstacles might be in the form of ill health, illiteracy, lack of resources or lack of freedom- both political and civil. When these obstacles are removed one is said to be capable; hence the origin of the concept of capability Sen, 160). Purpose Statement The purpose of this paper is to analyze the concept of capabilities approach that was developed by Amartya Sen, a Nobel Prize winner, and M. Nussban. Amartya has enabled the measurement of human development by the United Development Program (UNDP). He helped invent the capabilities approach, which is the foundation of indices used by UNDP in their measurements. Through these indices the achievement in education and health can be measured in addition to income (Nussbaum, 67). Objectives The main...

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