...Sensation, Perception, and Attention Teri Abshier, Melissa McCullar, Lupe Contreras PSY 300 July 3, 2012` Osagie Amayo Sensation, Perception, and Attention An individual’s attention is affected by their sensation and perception of the environment. Learning Team A (Teri Abshier, Melissa McCullar, and Lupe Contreras) discussed their personal comfort levels of learning in environments with different levels of auditory stimuli. Through this discussion, Learning Team A concluded that it was easier for them to learn in an environment with little to no outside auditory stimuli as opposed to a noisy environment. Increases in auditory stimuli can cause divided attention, which is not typically conducive to learning and memory retention. The threshold for auditory stimuli is defined as the slightest perceptible sound (American Psychological Association, 2009). Dichotic listening, also known as the “Cocktail Party Effect”, is the ability to focus on the auditory input in one ear while ignoring extraneous environmental auditory input. Initially, researchers thought that the extraneous input was not learned. However, further research showed that the peripheral input cannot be completely ignored and is stored in memory, although usually very weakly. Because the brain senses and perceives the additional auditory stimuli, it is more difficult to give full attention to the intended task (Kowalski & Westen, 2011). Learning Team A met at a fairly busy coffee shop. For the purposes...
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..., Sensation, Perception, and Attention John Cullen, Deanna Danley, Shannon Hollock, and Eliz Jones PSY/300 June 25, 2012 Lori Eyre Sensations, Perceptions, and Attention We as team members have many experiences and comfort levels with sensations, perceptions and attention. Our thoughts and experiences with these are shared within this essay. Included in this report are four students and their experiences provided to help understand how each team member’s learning and attention is divided. Discussions on how to work together in the future to accommodate these differences is also discussed. Auditory Stimuli Each team member has his or her own threshold of auditory stimulus. John has a very sensitive threshold and can hear every little noise. He tries not to let it bother him, but sometimes the noise is so loud he needs to leave the room. Deanna also has a low tolerance for loud noises and people speaking loudly. Deanna states “this was not a problem I had when I was younger, just something I’ve notices in the last 3 or 4 years” (D.Danley, personal communication, June 14, 2012). Eliz and Shannon, however, are not bothered by auditory stimuli. Eliz says that “noise, kids, and even loud talking” (E, Jones, personal communication, June 14, 2012) does not bother her. Shannon does not “care about loud noises or annoying tones” (S. Hollock, personal communication, June 14, 2012), but can hear many noises. The team is divided as two team mates have...
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...Sensation, Perception, and Attention Sensation, perception, and attention vary amongst individuals. What one individual perceives as distracting can be soothing to another individual. An individual’s absolute threshold for a sensory stimulus may be very different compared to another’s. Personal and environmental factors all contribute to an individual’s ability to learn and pay attention. The cocktail party phenomenon is an example of how environmental factors can impede an individual’s attention. Many individuals find that multi-tasking is a useful skill to divide attention in a way that facilitates learning. In contrast, some individuals prefer to give undivided attention in order to comprehend information. Based on the differences in perception and sensory processes of each individual, ground rules must be created to allow for a more influential learning environment. The perception and attention processes differ with every individual. What some individuals perceive as quiet may be distracting to another individual. The absolute threshold of an individual is “the minimum stimulation necessary to detect a particular light, sound, pressure, taste, or odor 50% of the time” (Myers, 2009, p. 193). In analyzing each team members absolute threshold for auditory stimulus the results proved that although each threshold differed slightly, the barriers that impede each team members learning process are similar. The team found that both personal and environmental factors both play...
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...Sensation, Perception, and Attention Sensation, Perception, and Attention The abilities for sensation, perception, and attention vary from person to person. Many obstacles to communicating successfully are comparable from person to person, once these obstacles are perceived, steps can be taken to avoid these obstacles. Some people can attend a cocktail party and listen to multiple conversations at once while comprehending most of what is said. Other people can only hear one or two conversations and make any sense of them. These personal thresholds will differ according to environmental and personal factors. Some people can control their environment by minimizing noise, obtaining enough sleep and taking care of themselves in general, attending to these needs first will help a person to focus on what is perceived as important, whether it is at a conference or a cocktail party. Many students listen to classical music when studying, Mozart being the first choice. Studies have shown that listening to classical music helps one to concentrate on the task at hand, and helps to eliminate minor outside distractions. Amanda Rivera Part A: It is important to minimize distractions when reaching an auditory threshold. It is very hard for me to be able to hear anything when there is a lot of noise or distraction. When I try to work on my assignments for class, I have to make sure that my son is in bed, the television is cut off, and the only sounds are the air conditioner humming...
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...Attention Attention is the behavioral and cognitive process of selectively concentrating on a discrete aspect of information; it is “the concentration of mental effort on sensory or mental events (Gross, 2009). Selective attention is attending to one thing rather than another. Cocktail party syndrome is switching our attention to something that was previously unattended. Attentional capacity is how many things we can attend to at the same time. Many of the contemporary ideas of attention are based on the premise that there are available to the human observer a myriad of cues that surround us at any given moment. Our neurological capacity is too limited to sense all of the millions of external stimuli, but even were these stimuli detected, the brain would be unable to process all of them; our information-processing capacity is too limited. Our sensory system, functions well if the amount of information being processed is within its capability. If not, it will fail because it is overloaded. The role of attention is to filter out unimportant information and selectively enhancing salient input for further processing” (Chennu; Craston; wyble, et al. 2009). Attention was introduced in 1958 by Donald Broadbent, a British psychologist, who wrote in an influential book, Perception and Communication. According to Gross (2009), Broadbent proposed that attention was the result of a limited-capacity information-processing system. Broadbent’s theory proposes that the world is made...
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...SENSATION AND PERCEPTION REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE (FOREIGN) I. PSYCHOLOGY (Douglas A. Bernstein, Edward J. Roy, Thomas K. Skull, Christopher D. Wickens) BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PSYCHOLOGY CONSCIOUSNESS MOTIVATION EMOTION PERCEPTION SENSATION The diagram above illustrates some of the relationships between different aspects of psychology through sensation. What happens if people are denied on this contact, if they deprived of stimulation form the senses? However, recent research has made it more difficult to draw a clear line between sensation and perception. That research shows that the process of interpreting sensations begins in the sense organs themselves and continues into the brain. Even previous experience can shape what you sense, causing you not to notice. Sensory Systems The senses gather information about the world by detecting various forms of energy, such as sound, light, heat, and physical pressure. For example, the eyes detect light energy, the ears detect the of sound , and the skin detects the energy of heat and pressure. Humans depend primarily on vision, hearing, and the skin senses to gain information about the world: they depend less than other animals on smell and taste. There are also senses that provide information to the brain from the rest of the body. All of these senses must detect stimuli, encode them into neural activity, and transfer this coded information to the brain. Steps in Sensation At each step...
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...Sensation and Perception Chapter: Sensation and Perception Sensation and Perception Sensation versus Perception Psychophysics and Thresholds Vision USING PSYCHOLOGY: Color Visual receptor: The Eye Operation of the Eye Eye Problem: Color Blindness Hearing Operation of the Ear Ear Problem: Deafness Chemical senses—Smell and Taste Chemical Senses Receptors: The Nose and Taste Buds Operation of the Chemical Senses Other senses: Skin Other Senses: Balance and Body Position Perception Figure-ground Perception The Wholeness of Figure Perception Perceptual Grouping Perception and Attention Stimulus Variation and Perception Perceptual Constancies Visual Perception of Distance Visual Perception of Motion Hearing Perception Illusions as "Errors" in Perception USING PSYCHOLOGY: Clothing Extrasensory perception (ESP) REVIEW QUESTIONS ACTIVITIES INTERESTED IN MORE? 183 Sensation and Perception WHAT'S THE ANSWER? Instructors in Driver Education advise their students to look twice in both directions before driving across an intersection. Why? "Watch it, Klausman! Watch where you're going!. . . Well, would you look at that. He ran into the goal post!" PSYCHOLOGY: Exploring Behavior Sensation and Perception 184 Moments later, "Klausman, how many times have I told you? You've got to look where you're going! What if that had been a defensive player from the opposing team? How do you feel?" "I feel OK, coach, but I've got a bad ringing in my ears." What causes the ringing in...
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...Chapter 3,4 TRUE/FALSE 1. Perception refers to a change in behavior resulting from the interaction between a person and a stimulus. 2. Comprehension refers to a consumer’s awareness and interpretation of reality. 3. Learning can occur without even trying. 4. Perception represents a subjective reality. 5. The first stage of the perceptual process is comprehension. 6. The process of bringing some stimulus within the proximity of a consumer so that it can be sensed by one of the five human senses is called attention. 7. Sensation describes a consumer’s immediate response to information. 8. Attention is the purposeful allocation of information-processing capacity toward developing an understanding of something. 9. Comprehension is the consumer’s attempt to derive meaning from information received. 10. Consumer perception involves two phases: sensing and organizing. MKT 305 WK 3 QUIZ 2 CHAPTER 3 & 4 To purchase this visit here: http://www.activitymode.com/product/mkt-305-wk-3-quiz-2-chapter-3-4/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM MKT 305 WK 3 QUIZ 2 CHAPTER 3 & 4 MKT 305 WK 3 Quiz 2 Chapter 3,4 TRUE/FALSE 1. Perception refers to a change in behavior resulting from the interaction between a person and a stimulus. 2. Comprehension refers to a consumer’s awareness and interpretation of reality. 3. Learning can occur without even trying. 4. Perception represents a subjective reality...
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...4: Sensation and Perception Lecture 6 & 7 • Learning Outcomes • Define and differentiate between sensation and perception. • Identify the parts of the eye, describe the properties of light and the theories of color vision. • Learning Outcomes • Describe how visual perception is organized. • Identify the parts of the ear; explain the sense of hearing. • Learning Outcomes • Describe the chemical senses. • Identify the skin senses and theoretical explanations for pain. • Learning Outcomes • Describe the kinesthetic and vestibular senses. • Explain why psychologists are skeptical about extra sensory perception. • Sensation and Perception • What are Sensation and Perception? • “I have perfect vision” –Heather Sellers has problem with her perception. She cannot recognize faces-prosopagnosia (face blindness) “In college, on a date at the Spaghetti Station, I returned from the bathroom and plunked myself down in the wrong booth, facing the wrong man. I remained unaware he was not my date even as my date (a stranger to me) accosted Wrong Booth Guy, and then stormed out of the Station. I can’t distinguish actors in movies and on TV. I do not recognize myself in photos or video. I can’t recognize my stepsons in the soccer pick-up line; I failed to determine which husband was mine at a party, in the mall, at the market” This curious mix of “perfect” vision and face blindness illustrates the distinction between sensation and perception. • 1. What are Sensation and...
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...Sensory Perceptions Victoria Shelton Strayer University PHI 210 Joel Goldstein January 25, 2013 Sensory Perceptions Reasons for believing in the accuracy of sensory information What is sensory perception? Sensory perception is the events or occurrences in the environment a person takes in, processes and understands through their five senses. Three reasons for believing in the accuracy or inaccuracy of sensory information is perception, interpretation, and knowledge. In the words of Jacques Barzun, “In ordinary speech the words perception and sensation tend to be used interchangeably, but the psychologist distinguishes. Sensations are the items of consciousness—a color, a weight, a texture—that we tend to think of as simple and single. Perceptions are complex affairs that embrace sensation together with other, associated or revived contents of the mind, including emotions (Barzun, 1907).” Perception is the organization, identification and interpretation of sensory information in order to represent and understand the environment (2003). This is as a result of organizing and interpreting information that is gained from our five senses which we use on a daily basis. Our senses can be helpful to us in many ways by providing our brains with the right information, or harmful by making our minds play tricks on us. The accuracy of this information that is taken in varies because of many different reasons. Sensory information is gained as first-hand information...
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...I. Objectives At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to a. Discuss the Sensation and Perception b. Value the importance of Perception that allows us to act within our environment. c. Demonstrate the stimuli by help of perceptual theories. II. Subject Matter Sensation and Perception III. Materials Marker Cartolina Paper Colored Paper Pictures 35 copies of Lesson Hand-outs IV. Procedure A. Preparation Teacher’s Activity | Student’s Activity | “Good morning Class”“Let us pray first, Anyone who wants to lead the prayer?”“Thank you Ms. /Mr._____ for leading the prayer. Again, good morning!”“Ms. /Mr. Secretary may I know who are the absent for today?”"you may take your seat and please arrange your chairs""I will give you a minute to prepare yourself & do what you want before we proceed to our lesson""Okay class, sit properly and please listen attentively in our discussions." | “Good morning Ma’am”(One Student will lead the prayer)(The secretary will stand and tell who are the absentee)(the students will arrange their chair and take their seat)(the students can do anything)“yes ma’am” | B. Motivation Teacher’s Activity | Student’s Activity | "Before we start our lesson, let’s have a simple ice breaker first.""this ice breaker is called "4 pics 1 word""Do any of you know this game?""How it goes?""Thank you. You’re right. I will show 4 pictures that are related to each other and you just guess what does the pictures shows. You will...
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...how the child processes information and how it changes with age. Information processing theory is the theoretical perspective that focuses on the specific ways in which people mentally thinks about (“process”) the information they receive. People process information in different ways; sensation, perception, sensory registers, working memory, and long-term memory. Sensation is the physiological detection of stimuli in the environment. Perception is the cognitive interpretation of stimuli that the body has sensed. Sensory register is the component of memory that holds incoming information in an unanalyzed form for a very brief time; this is two to three seconds or less. Working memory is the component of memory that enables people to actively think about and process a small amount of information. Long-term memory is the component of memory that holds knowledge and skills for a relatively long period of time. Sensory register information processing is believe that human memory includes a Sensation information processing is through environmental the senses of sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch. This is the first process continued by the second part, interpreting those stimuli for perception mechanism that allows people to remember a very short period of time only perhaps two to three seconds of information. Working memory is where most thinking, or cognitive processing, occurs. Long-term memory is components learned throughout the years of experience. The following is the...
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...Sensation & Perception * Sensation is the detection of physical energy from the environment which we encode as neural signals. * Perception is when we organize and interpret our sensations * The beginning level of sensory analysis is also known as bottom- up processing * Top-down processing is the information processing guided by higher-level mental processes, as when someone constructs perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations. * Bottom up processing is sensory analysis that begins at the entry level, with information flowing from the sensory analysis that begins at the entry level with information flowing from the sensory receptors to the brain * Psychophysics is the study of relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli, such as their intensity, and our psychological experience of them. * Absolute threshold is the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50 percent of the time Sensory Adaptation * Sensory Adaptation- lowered sensitivity due to constant exposure from stimulus. For example, when you go into someone’s house you notice an odor…but this only lasts for a little while because sensory adaptation allows you to focus your attention on changing environment. * This adaptation allows the person to focus on informative changes, leaving out uninformative constant stimulations. Vision * Transduction refers to Sensory energy being convert (transformed) into neural energy/impulses...
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...Learning Objectives Chapter 2 Perception CONSUMER BEHAVIOR Global Edition 9e Michael R. Solomon When you finish this chapter, you should understand why: • Perception is a three-stage process that translates raw stimuli into meaning. • Products and commercial messages often appeal to our senses, but we won‟t be influenced by most of them. • The design of a product today is a key driver of its success or failure. 3/8/2012 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education 2-1 2-2 Learning Objectives (continued) Sensation and Perception • Subliminal advertising is a controversial— but largely ineffective—way to talk to consumers. • Sensation is the immediate response of our sensory receptors (eyes, ears, nose, mouth, and fingers) to basic stimuli (light, color, sound, odor, and texture). • We interpret the stimuli to which we do pay attention according to learned patterns and expectations. • Marketers use symbols to create meaning. • Perception is the process by which sensations are selected, organized, and interpreted. 3/8/2012 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education 2-3 3/8/2012 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education 2-4 Figure 2.1 Perceptual Process We receive external stimuli through our five senses Hedonic Consumption • Hedonic consumption: multisensory, fantasy, and emotional aspects of consumers‟ interactions with products • Marketers use impact of sensations on consumers‟ product experiences ...
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...Student Name: Tamylah Little SENSATION & PERCEPTION WORKSHEET Review the "Thinking Critically About Advertising and Subconscious Messages" box on page 84 of Chapter 3 - Sensation and Perception. Complete the activity as indicated and address the following questions. a) Briefly describe the path of information from the targeted sensory organ (i.e. eye, ear, skin, etc.) to the brain. Include a synthesis of terms/information from both Chapter 2 - Biological Basis of Behavior and Chapter 3 - Sensation and Perception in your description. When you are using your ears you can choose what you want listen to, but you cannot choose what you are hearing. The first step is when the pinna collects sounds that enter though the ear canal as sound waves. The ear drum then starts to vibrate as the sound waves strike. Theses vibrations will then pass through the hammer, anvil, and staples where they are then amplified. The vibrations are finally understood as sound in the brain after being taken and altered into nerve signals by the cochlea. This is due to the connectivity of the inner ear to the edge of the staples. When the staples vibrate they always transfer the sound vibrations to the inner ear. b) What cues were used to create subconscious or conscious associations? Often times, music is a tool that is used to target an audience; in the particular Mercedes commercial that I watched the music was very classy and sophisticated, and it was played at a low volume. c) What is the...
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