...TOK ESSAY: SENSE PERCEPTION To what extent can we rely on our sense perception to give us knowledge of the world around us? Before I start going into the sense perception of different individuals and what ‘knowledge’ really means, I’m going to start by dealing with the question as a whole. Although there have been many philosophers, thinkers and in deed, curious people willing to challenge the world around them throughout history, up to date all the questions we have come up with can only be classified into three main groups: those with one correct answer, many possible correct answers and those with no correct answer at all. The title of this essay of course fits into this third category which is – I find – the one to which the most interesting questions correspond to. Now that I have acknowledged that I do not expect to come up with a definite correct answer to this essay’s title, in fact don’t think any one ever will; I want to address a key word in this question – ‘knowledge’. The broadness encompassed in the definitions of abstract nouns such as ‘knowledge’ make it very difficult and practically impossible to pin down their meaning and are thus very complicated words to discuss. Not only are abstract nous very subjective, meaning their full definition varies depending on each individual, but – as it happens with similar words like ‘love’ or ‘hate’ – we barely know as much about them and their meaning as we don’t. This brings us to a very complex and controversial...
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...Time and time again we are told how unreliable our senses and memory are. These ways of knowing function simultaneously so people may gain their own knowledge and store that information throughout their lives. Sense perception is defined as the way our bodies perceive and gain knowledge from an external stimuli. Memory is essential in retaining the knowledge gained through our senses. Despite this, studies by psychologists Elizabeth Loftus and John Palmer suggest how easy it is to manipulate memories of an individual by simply proposing the idea that false events occurred. While the way people interpret their environment can easily be distorted, as shown with fallacies in sense perception and memory, these two ways of knowing are valuable,...
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...Monophonic Chordal Style For my western culture I chose Medieval and my non-western culture was Indian classical music. The two cultures may be different but they have some similarities. One musical like between the two cultures would be monophonic. In both cultures, the songs are played without harmony. The notes may be played at different times of the octave of the note may be different. For instance, when women and men are singing together they sing the same note but they are in different octaves. To show the musical link between the two cultures I will use these two songs; Cantiga 166 (western) and Ravi Shankar- Tarana (Indian classical). In Indian classical culture the music is based around a single melody line called ragas which makes it monophonic. The song I chose to represent Indian classical is Tarana. Tarana is made by Ravi Shankar who plays Carnatic music which is one of two main sub-genres of Indian classical music. The song Tarana is a duet between a man and a woman. The song starts out with an instrument solo but as the solo progresses the music becomes monophonic. Then the singers join with their monophonic style singing which lasts throughout the song. There are also points in the song where the singers and the instruments interact in a monophonic battle. In the medieval culture music was very scared and secular but also monophonic. The song I chose was Cantiga 166. This song is singed in both the duplication of the octave and the note is sung in unison...
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...APPLICATION: SENSATION AND PERCEPTION EXAMINED PSYC 1002-1 Psychology as a Natural Science Dr. Gerald Nissley Jr. Sensation and perception play two complementary, but different roles in how you experience the world. Your sensory receptors and nervous system send information from your senses like room temperature or the smell of perfume to the brain in raw form. Perception is the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information. Perception is the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information. Perception is what allows you to make meaning out of what you see, hear, taste, touch and smell. Factors like experiences, assumptions, and expectations help form perception” (Walden.edu). Senses enable us to detect external stimuli and react to them. A stimulus can be defined a detectable change in the external or internal environment of an organism (Weiner, 2003). A reaction to external stimuli is referred to as a response. We have gotten used to our senses, and it would be a very difficult question to answer when one is asked to choose one sense that is most difficult to live without. It is a fact that our senses complement each other, for example, you will hear a sound then you will look towards the direction from which the sound is coming from. You also smell food before you taste, the senses contribute to our perception. For example, according to our perception we expect that food that smells good to taste good too. ...
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...Chemical Senses Eric Gunderson PSY/345 - Sensation and Perception June 27, 2016 Matthew Will Chemical Senses The five senses of human experience are well known to most everyone: we can see, hear, touch, taste, and smell. However, the science behind them is not as well known. The first three (sight, audibility, and touch) are senses in which external stimuli are perceived by a person through the by-product (i.e. reflection of light, pressure changes in air, pressure/stretching/vibration) of an environmental object. The latter two, taste and smell, are senses in which external stimuli have to physically enter into a person in order for him or her to experience the sensation. The sensations themselves are activated by chemical reactions from the external stimuli as opposed to light and pressure changes that the other senses employ. The chemical sensations smell and taste are interactively working together. The purpose of this paper is to describe in detail just this. The first thing that will be discussed is how smell and taste affect each other and which one of the two one would change to make a meal taste better, followed by a description of the sensory elements that must be present to emphasize the connection between the chemical senses, emotional memories, and the brain in order to make the most memorable meal of one’s life, and concluded by a description of the connection created between the chemical senses, emotional memories, and the brain. How Smell and Taste...
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...Chemical Senses Julie Harris PSY/345 September 28, 2015 Adam Casteberry Chemical Senses Chemical sensory is the process by which the body experiences the world through the sense of smell and taste. The process the brain uses to perceive the smells and tastes that are introduced to it is through an electrical mapping of electrical impulses similar to the sense of touch, sight, or sound. Each sense is individual but through the interaction of each a more whole picture is produced that the brain stores as a memory. Most adults have their memories peppered with the smells and tastes that helped create those memories whether it was the first time a person was asked to be married, or the first time a person faced death, each experience is marked by a distinct taste or smell that will call up the memory and shape the person who holds it. The process of chemical sensory is conducted mainly through the nose and mouth through a bombardment of sensations is experienced throughout each day. Once considered separate from each other as either the nose or mouth people have become aware of the connection between the two senses as being tied irrevocably to each other. Chemicals in foods are detected by pallia that we have labeled taste buds, small structures in the mouth that are embed in the tongue, the back of the mouth, and the palate (Society for Neuroscience, 2012). Each person has a range of 5,000 to 10,000 taste buds that consist of 50 to 10 sensory cells that are stimulated...
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...Summary: Chapter 6 This chapter talks about the sensation and perception, we can make contrast between these two points. The sensation is the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment, that is to say the brain Receives input from the sensory organs; on the other hand the perception is he process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events, that is to say he brain makes sense out of the input from sensory organs. Is important know about thresholds refers to stimulus intensity needed to detect a stimulus and the sensory adaption to detect novelty in our surroundings; our senses tune out a constant stimulus. After that the chapter talks about the vision and important things from this like waves of electromagnetic radiation, or our eyes and their respond to some of these waves an finally how our brain turns these energy wave sensations into colors. Hearing is another important point to understand as sound waves reach the ear with different frequency, amplitude and complexity. Finally the text explains others sense of the body like the touch, pain taste and smell to analyze the behavior in the body in different situation in our lives. Application I like from this chapter about important senses and think from these extraordinary things like for example pain and the behavior in our body`s and as the biological, psychological and social...
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...SENSORY PERCEPTIONS 1 SENSORY PERCEPTIONS Craig Miller Henry Simoni-Wastila, Ph.D. Critical Thinking PHI 210 April 17, 2013 SENSORY PERCEPTIONS 2 Abstract This paper will highlight some of the main ideas and thoughts about our senses and thinking process. Most of our thinking is sensory interactive, meaning, our brain is what surrounds our senses. This sensing-thinking connection is so closely interrelated that our thinking often begins in our senses, progresses through additional sensory input, and shapes itself to our sensing habits, that is to say, our thinking can introduce a particular form to the way we sense. SENSORY PERCEPTIONS 3 The power of our senses act as our lenses, amplifiers, particle detectors, and pressure and heat gauges. These sensor are very precise and are need in every aspect of human life. Our hearing reacts to sound vibrating at a frequency as high as 20.000 cycles per second, this allows us to recognize different. This frequency also contributes to our enjoyment of music, which...
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...Sensory Perceptions Strayer University Abstract As Human beings we are blessed to have five senses. These senses are sight, smell, touch, taste, and hearing. These senses make “normal” life manageable for us. All five are equally as important as the next. However it is not impossible to live without one or two of them. Sometimes losing one our senses can enhance the rest. There are three reasons to believe that our senses are fallible. Seeing should not always be believing. Once we realize that our senses can be fooled, then we can begin to adjust to surface appearance and personal distortions. Sensory Perceptions Sometimes our senses can be accurate, and sometimes they can be inaccurate. The accuracy of our senses enables us to do things in our everyday lives. We are able to make judgments on what we are doing or will be doing next given our surroundings. Our senses act as our lenses, amplifiers, particle detectors, and pressure and heat gauges. These sensors are acutely sensitive. Our hearing reacts to a sound vibration at a frequency as high as 20,000 cycles per second and to a multitude of timbres that allow us to recognize different human voices. Our sight can detect a candle flame on a dark, clear night 20 miles away. Our sense of smell can detect a single molecule of bacon or coffee out of five billion molecules. Our senses feed our brain as much as our body. Sometimes our senses can be deceived. Our senses do not always deliver accurate data to our brain...
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...Module 3 – A Closer look at Information Processing, Personalities, and Perception Slide 1 Text: This module will look at an Information Processing model first, then it will cover what happens when we detect or think we detect an information signal. Next, this module looks at how our personality affects the way we perceive information, and finally provide some examples of interesting and complex pictures to perceive (a true example of information processing). (You should have done the Common Sense demo and determined your MBTI four letters before you view this slide presentation.) Slide 2 Text: According to Wickens, 1984, information processing begins when a stimuli hits one or many of our five senses. Once that stimuli is sensed, our long-term memory determines if this stimuli is something experienced before (like the smell of a lemon) or is a new sensation. If it is a new sensation, then it is put into short term memory (often referred to as working memory) until a decision and response is selected (is this a good or bad sensation). Once a response is made (that is very cold or hot!), we receive feedback from our senses on whether the initial response was correct or another decision or response is required based on the feedback from our first decision. Let’s use as an example, looking at someone showing their hand with the fingers in a fist and the thumb pointing up. Most of us would interpret that signal as an “alright or good deal” signal. However, in Australia...
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...responses, nor could we perceive, feel or think. But the most important part of our nervous system is our brain because it is the one responsible of all voluntary and some involuntary behaviors. And it is the most intricate, complex and unique mechanism of the human body. So in order for us to have a remarkable behavior, we need to protect and take good care of our brain. In the midway part of the discussions we tackled about Sensation and Perception. This so-called Sensation also affects or influenced our behavior. Through our senses or sensory organs, we come to know our world and what we sense often affects our behavior. Our sense organs are responsible in sensation. And one must be aware or conscious of the stimulus to be able to sense and interpret. And sensation anyway is a prerequisite of perception. Perception on the other hand, is our immediate or intuitive recognition or appreciation to something. It is how we look at others and the world around us. It is also described as interpreting information about other people. Perception affects the way how we communicate with...
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...Thinking – PHI 210Professor R. Dean Davenport | [Sensory perceptions] | [Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document. Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document.] | Sensory Perceptions One reason in believing that sensory information can be accurate is by touching something hot or cold. Touching something hot or cold engages into a sense of feeling which sends a message to the brain. A person can remove that part of the body that’s touching the hot or cold item before they get burned or frost bitten. The next reason in believing that sensory information can be accurate is by using the sense of smell. This sense could save a person’s life in the case of a fire. If a person smells smoke that means a fire has occurred or something similar. The last reason that sensory information can be accurate is a person’s sight. If children are playing in the park you can actually see them. A person can look at the sky to see if it’s cloudy, sunny or humid. The sensory of sight is so most accurate because whatever a person see most of the time is right in front of them. Sensory data is the ability to automatically collect, categorize and analyze with other collected data related to our senses. (Sensory data, 2013) The accuracy of sensory data is a test that checks or confirms one’s senses which is highly accurate and extremely sensitive. One factor...
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...responses, nor could we perceive, feel or think. But the most important part of our nervous system is our brain because it is the one responsible of all voluntary and some involuntary behaviors. And it is the most intricate, complex and unique mechanism of the human body. So in order for us to have a remarkable behavior, we need to protect and take good care of our brain. In the midway part of the discussions we tackled about Sensation and Perception. This so-called Sensation also affects or influenced our behavior. Through our senses or sensory organs, we come to know our world and what we sense often affects our behavior. Our sense organs are responsible in sensation. And one must be aware or conscious of the stimulus to be able to sense and interpret. And sensation anyway is a prerequisite of perception. Perception on the other hand, is our immediate or intuitive recognition or appreciation to something. It is how we look at others and the world around us. It is also described as interpreting information about other people. Perception affects the way how we communicate with others and it also...
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...Midterm Reviewer General Psychology Psychology – is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Wilehelm Wundt – “Father of psychology” * Aristotle – methods of Contemporary Science. * Francis Bacon – Deductive Reasoning in the study of behavior. * Charles Darwin – 1859, Theory of Evolution. * Psyche – mind / soul * Locos – study 4 Goals of Psychology * Describe – Detailed of record of ascertain behaviour. Qualitative – names, sex, and nationality, rating/ranking. Quantitative – weights; height, speed, distance, no. of age. * Understand - explain or interpret facts about behavior. The causes of certain. Sign learning. Verbal punishment. Dispositional – nature of personality/ reason. * Predict – predict future behavior. a) Scientific b) Casual c) Cause and Effect * Control – controlling behavior may be done thought planning based on accurate prediction. Traditional Schools of Psychology * Structuralism – structure of the mind. (Edward B. Titchener) a) Sensation b) Image c) Feelings Introspection – a method of metal self-analysis w/c feeling, thinking, & behavior. * Functionalism – how the mind function in the adjustment of man to his environment. ( William James) [ Experimental ] * Functional * Advises * Gestalt – the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. ( Max Weltheirmer, Wolfgang Kholer, & Kurt Koffka ) [ Experimental ] * Behaviorism – The important of learning &...
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...The Role and Importance of Sensory Cues in the Firm’s Environment By: Maria C. DelaCruz-Cooper Southern New Hampshire University Author Note: This Short Paper was written for Services Marketing taught by Dr. Terrence Kroeten The Role and Importance of Sensory Cues in the Firm’s Environment Introduction In today’s world, the marketplace is congested with tons of businesses and products that are competing for the consumers’ attention. The question is, “How would these businesses and products be noticed and be retained in every consumers’ memory?” Business owners are aware that promoting a product or service is not how it used to be; over the past years, marketing has changed tremendously causing a shift on consumers’ buying behavior (Pentz & Gerber, 2013), which in this case; consumers’ insight or evaluation of a firm’s overall functionality plays a key role when deciding to purchase or use its product. On the contrary, unlike goods-producing companies, service companies need to create value for its target market by showing a physical evidence because of the unique characteristic of the product – intangibility. As service businesses continue to develop, modify, organize, and manage its environment; it is essential that the physical and psychological influence of the firm’s ambience on consumers, personnel, and the company’s operational systems must also be considered (Hoffman & Bateson, 2011). The reason being, people have their own acuity on things surrounding...
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