...There are a number of ways in which economic policy could influence the success of the tourism industry. First, there are ways that economic policies a government takes can have a direct impact on tourism. This type of impact would occur when a government makes policies explicitly aimed at the tourism industry. For example, if a local government subsidises the building of a resort in a beach town, the tourist industry in that town will, presumably, benefit. Second, there are ways economic policy can indirectly affect tourism. For example, government monetary policies are most likely not aimed at tourism. However, if a government's monetary policies cause the exchange rate for its currency to fall, tourism will likely benefit. This is because the country's currency will become cheaper and vacations in that country will become less expensive for people in other countries. SELECTED PRESENTATIONS, SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS - SEMINAR ON TOURISM POLICY AND ECONOMIC GROWTH Introduction 1. This note presents the record of a seminar held on 6 and 7 March 2001 in Berlin, aimed at exploring the relationships between economic growth and tourism policy. The Seminar was organised by the OECD in partnership with the Canadian Tourism Commission, the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology of Germany, the Secretariat of State for Tourism of Mexico and the State Secretariat for Economic Affairs of Switzerland. 2. The objectives of the seminar were: * To learn more about...
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...Meaning of Service Marketing A Service is an economic activity that is intangible or not be touched, not be stored, and not be owned. Postal service delivering mail is a Service, and the use of expertise like person visiting a doctor is also a service. A service is consumed at the point of sale and does not result ownership. A product is material or tangible in nature, can be touched, can be stored, and a product can also be owned, but it is not so in case of a service. Defining Service Services include all economic activities whose output is not a physical product or construction, is generally consumed at the time it is produced, and added value in forms (such as convenience, amusement, timeless, comfort and health) that are essentially intangible. Defining Services Marketing:- Services marketing are a sub field of marketing, which can be split into the two main areas of goods marketing (which includes the marketing of fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) and durables) and services marketing. Services marketing typically refer to both business to consumer (B2C) and business to business (B2B) services, and include marketing of services like telecommunications services, financial services, all types of hospitality services, car rental services, air travel, health care services and professional services. The range of approaches and expressions of a marketing idea developed with the hope that it be effective in conveying the ideas to the diverse population of people who receive...
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...The Negative and Positive Effects of Tourism Submitted by Arianne Smith DeVry University Tourism Management, Warren John Fall 2011 Abstract The current research paper covers the main effects of global tourism, both positive and negative. International tourism is a significant sector of business. For some countries it is one of the main sources of national income. The most important positive economic effects of tourism are as follows: increase in budget revenues, production expansion, stimulation of investments, and improvement in the population’s welfare. Tourism influences social and cultural lives of people in a positive way by stimulating the development and revival of local cultures and encouraging intercultural exchange. Tourism has both positive and negative effects on the environment. Among the negative effects of tourism, the most important ones are inflation, financial leakage, infrastructure costs, and economic dependence. Political issues can also arise because of tourism. The countries should be aware of the negative effects of tourism in order to avoid them. Keywords: international tourism, environment, economic effect, leakage, tourist infrastructure. Table of Contents Introduction 2 The Negative and Positive Effects of Tourism 2 Positive Effects 2 Economic effects. 2 Environmental effects. 6 Cultural effects. 6 Social effects. 8 Negative Effects of Tourism 10 Political effects. 10 Inflation. 11 Financial leakage. 12 Increase...
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...INTERNATIONALIZATION OF THE TOURISM SECTOR IN KENYA INTRODUCTION Tourism in Kenya dates back to pre-independence days and history has recorded that as early as the 1930's, overseas visitors and explorers had started coming to Kenya mainly for big-game hunting expeditions while others came in search of solitude and adventure. These expeditions were locally referred to as "Safari" thus lending the travel world literature with a new vocabulary. Among the early visitors were statesmen, royalties and celebrities such as Theodore Roosevelt, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, and Ernest Hemingway respectively. At that time, there was in existence a fairly developed but basic tourism infrastructure. The available accommodation was spartan but sufficient for both the visitors as well as the settler community in Kenya. However soon after independence, the Kenya Government realized the enormous potential of the tourism industry and hence undertook to upgrade the existing infrastructure as well as investing in additional facilities. To achieve its goal, the Government encouraged local and foreign entrepreneurs to invest in the tourism and hospitality industries thus paving the way for the future development of the sector. In spite of increased competition from other destinations, Kenya remains one of the most popular tourist destinations in Africa. Tourism in Kenya is mainly based on natural attractions, which include wildlife in its natural habitats as well as beautiful beaches amongst...
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...KJKS BMT Creative Economy: A Proposed Model of Islamic Cooperation for Agrotourism Development Based on Community Nur Azizah, Galishia Putry, Abdullah Syafi’ie1 1Islamic Economics Study Program, Faculty of Economics and Management, Bogor Agricultural University Bogor 16680, Indonesia Email: nz.noorazizah@gmail.com, gals.shia@gmail.com, kangsyafiie.abdullah@gmail.com Abstract—Located in a strategic geographical position, Indonesia has natural beauty and biodiversity which varied, such as mountains, oceans, beautiful beaches, endemics animals and plants such as komodo, cendrawasih, and spices. Most of Indonesia's natural characterize in agriculture. Meanwhile, tourism is an industry that does not require big investment in the long run before giving return. It means that Indonesia has a huge potential to develop agrotourism which is part of the creative economy and community based, as one of the biggest contributors to the economic development of the country. However, Indonesia still hampered by a variety of factors including the institutional factor. The most appropriate institution which is considered to develop community based agrotourism is Islamic Financial Service Cooperation Baitul Maal wa Tamwil (KJKS BMT). By collecting a variety of creative economy industry in the form of farmers, craftsmen, transportation, hotels, culinary, and performing arts are a part of a agrotourism community, KJKS BMT can help these industries in managing their business. This paper use a...
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...land/natural resources), rather than relative efficiencies of production, determine its comparative advantage. Thus, countries such as Tanzania, which have a large supply of labour and land as well as plentiful natural resources of wildlife, mountains and beaches, would appear to have a comparative advantage in tourism. The HO theorem has been applied to the agricultural and manufacturing sectors and attention has generally focused on the endowments of labour and capital. Ricardian theory is useful in indicating the gains which countries can make from international tourism if they are relatively efficient in tourism production and, hence, points to the importance of increasing production efficiency. The HO theorem’s emphasis on the role of countries’ different resource endowments also helps to explain international trade and tourism. 2 International tourism and imperfect markets On the supply side, tourism markets are characterized by a multiplicity of structures and tourism products and on the demand side, consumers demand a wide range of types of holidays. The fact that tourism supply involves products of particular types and consumers demand tourism products of particular qualities implies that insights from theories of international...
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...Rural Tourism and Agri-Tourism A practical approach to niche tourism. Funded by the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs Developed By Richard Buck, AgriTours North America Inc. In cooperation with Southern Ontario Tourism Organization (SOTO) Rural/Agri-Tourism Work Book WORK BOOK 1 Module #1 Introduction to the tourism industry Module # 2 Rural / Agri-Tourism - products & services Module # 3 Partnering for success, working with organizations, associations and governments WORK BOOK 2 Module # 4 Developing a practical plan and formula for success Module # 5 Market development - advertising, promotion, pricing and packaging Module # 6 Rural and Agri-Tourism – is it in your future? Rural and Agri-tourism, a practical approach to niche tourism! 1 Work Book # 1 Rural and Agri-Tourism, A practical approach to niche tourism. “In order to effectively establish a tourism enterprise, individuals, groups or businesses must learn about tourism and understand certain basic principles. Tourists have many expectations before, during and after a tourism experience. Tourism business operators are doomed to failure if they enter the industry without understanding the principles of tourism and the reasons for the existence of the tourism industry.” Work Book # 1 assists you in identifying what you do and do not know about the tourism industry and in particular, what you need to know about the rural and agri-tourism niche sectors of the tourism market. Terminology...
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...TOURISM MANAGEMENT A. Introduction: 1. History of Tourism Historical research of tourism has revealed distinctive indicators which are shared equally all over the world. Incorporated in social, economic and cultural environment, tourism followed a sequel path assuming various shapes in its gradual development. It is already accepted scientific project entitled “History of creation tourism”. Study of tourism history is important for learning about the key features of growth and specific characteristic of the host area. Despite a quantitative growth in the number of tourist facilities and over nights, they have suffered an overall drop in quality and reputation. In creation, the history of tourism therefore cannot be separated from the regional planning and equipment of tourist resorts. B. Strategic framework for tourism 1. Management The framework needs to define roles among the various public and private sector entities involve in tourism. It needs to layout where tourism is going so that both businesses and residents can make plans with the common understanding of directions and scale. It needs to prescribe the actions that move toward tourism goals. When building new strategy framework, transition must be incorporated into the planning process. Rules need to be handed off at appropriate times, dictated either by finding cycles or tourism seasons. 2. Vision and objective The success entails maximizing...
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...Financial crisis in Tourism |Student: |Professor: | |Mr. Samaras Giannis | November, 2011. Content: 1. Financial crisis in Tourism- Introduction 2 2. How the crisis affects tourism 3 3. A Strategic Approach for the Global Tourism Industry to Overcome the Global Economic Crisis: A 10-Point Plan for Tourism Recovery 5 4. Money-saving trends in tourism 6 5. References 9 1. Financial crisis in Tourism- Introduction Tourism is especially vulnerable to economic uncertainty and volatility for a simple reason. Most travel and tourism involves discretionary expense. During tough economic times people conserve their cash to cover the essentials of life, food, shelter and family necessities. However, this does not mean that tourism stops. The trend that we have learned from past crises whether we refer to past economic crises or the global tourism scare resulting from the events of 9/11 is that people continue to travel but they will travel differently from the way they do during times of economic buoyancy. Those tourism and hospitality businesses which will survive and indeed thrive in the months ahead are those which can adapt because there are always winners and losers in any outbreak of economic volatility. ...
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...Abstracts: Tourism Development Journal, Vol. 8. Issue 1, September 2010 Status of MICE Venues and Services in National Capital Region – A Study of Service Providers Opinion Manjual Chaudhary and Surjeet Kumar Abstract Meeting, Incentive, Conference, Exhibitions (MICE) is a niche business for the specialized clientele and services it offers. Globally it is growing at fast rate and India too is following at 15% to 20 % annual growth. Promotion of a destination; a city, hotel or resort as a MICE venue requires infrastructural facilities backed by support services. Infrastructural facilities involve connectivity, water supply, power, telecommunications etc. at macro level and at micro level facilities such as technical services, display, manpower, computer & audiovisual etc . The facilities at the macro level are provided by the government, when it identifies a city as MICE destination. Government of India (2007) plans to develop golden triangle cities of Delhi, Agra & Jaipur as MICE destinations. Further micro level facilities are created by hotels, travel agents, airlines, event management companies, convention centres, transport companies etc. This paper attempts to assess MICE venues and services of NCR region through a survey of hotels, travel agents, event management companies, conference venues and airlines as these are the prime players in the organization of MICE events. Key Words: Business Tourism, MICE, Event Management. ---------------------------------- Congress Tourism in...
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...KROK University of Economics and Law International Relations Faculty International Economics and Business Department Research Paper: “Ukraine on the world tourist market” 4th year student Scientific advisor: “International Economics-KROK Exclusive” PhD., Associate Professor Programme : Titarenko D.Y. Ilarionova N. M. _________ (signature) ______________________ ( resolution “For defence” ) ___________ _________________ ( date ) ( signature) Kiyv-2012 Contents Introduction 3 1.1. Characteristic of tourist activity and its influence on economy of Ukraine 7 1.2. Tourist resources and infrastructure - the main components of development of tourism at Ukraine 16 Section 2. A place of Ukraine in development of the international tourism 20 2.1. Development of the Ukrainian travel business and...
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...Background of Thailand revenue based and the recession Thailand was known as the best country for tourisms. But there were some problems which are the causes of the recession in the tourism. The main cause is the political issue. Nowadays Thailand was separated to be 2 sides, yellow shirt and red shirt which have the conflict need and satisfaction in the political view. Both of them did harm things which affect the trust of Thai people. They are all fear of going out from their house in the time when the protestors come out and try to ask for their demands. For the tourisms, this cause is obviously for them to see that Thailand does not have the political stability. Then it is going to be harder for the tourisms to travel to Thailand because they will not think that Thailand is the nice country anymore and this cause will also decrease their trust of the safety. Analyzing the PEST of Thailand Political: The King of Thailand has little direct power under the constitution but is a symbol of national identity and unity. King Bhumibol — who has been on the throne since 1946 — commands enormous popular respect and moral authority, which he has used on occasion to resolve political crises that have threatened national stability. The politics of Thailand currently takes place in a framework of a constitutional monarchy, whereby the Prime Minister is the head of government and a hereditary monarch is head of state. Executive power is currently exercised by a military junta...
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...MEGATRENDS UNDERPINNING TOURISM TO 2020 Analysis of key drivers for change Larry Dwyer, Deborah Edwards, Nina Mistilis, Carolina Roman, Noel Scott and Chris Cooper Analysis of Key Drivers for Change Technical Reports The technical report series present data and its analysis, meta-studies and conceptual studies, and are considered to be of value to industry, government and researchers. Unlike the Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research Centre’s Monograph series, these reports have not been subjected to an external peer review process. As such, the scientific accuracy and merit of the research reported here is the responsibility of the authors, who should be contacted for clarification of any content. Author contact details are at the back of this report. National Library of Australia Cataloguing in Publication Data Dwyer, Larry. Megatrends underpinning tourism to 2020: analysis of key drivers for change. Bibliography. ISBN 9781920965525. 1. Tourism - Economic aspects - Australia. 2. Tourism - Social aspects - Australia. 3. Tourism - Political aspects - Australia. 4. Tourism - Environmental aspects - Australia. 5. Tourism - Australia. I. Cooperative Research Centre for Sustainable Tourism. II. Title. 338.47910994 Copyright © CRC for Sustainable Tourism Pty Ltd 2008 All rights reserved. Apart from fair dealing for the purposes of study, research, criticism or review as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part of this book may be reproduced by any process without...
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...introduction Quality tourism is a tourism brand build for traditional tourism line confusion. It's a mass tourism without deliberate deception. The value of tourism is based on the material requirements and it’s not the main factor affecting the quality of tourism. The definition of "quality": The tourism products through the development of tourism industry and the use of tourism resources to attract tourists. The industry provided a variety of services to the tourists. (http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=GR_CGureUMLLn9ep9-5Rguuyj5URj_Jv1uVGq5vak1KqlNfTvUpPNcEnMqZl1PxcUY_C0S57IzikfPuuhyY_mq ) Therefore, evaluation of the quality of the tourism product is equivalent to the customer experience in the travel process and customer service for the journey. When the customers perception of service is equal to or exceeds the expectations of the service, they will be satisfied; If it lower than expected, it will considered low quality. To estimate the stand or fall of the quality of service is based on the customer feelings. The factors that cause customers to feel good or bad are mainly come from the following categories: 1. The differences of customer's expectations for service and business expectations for the interpretation. 2. The differences of consumers and businesses to understand the quality of service awareness. 3. Quality of service standards and specified corporate customer expectations difference. 4. The service provided by the companies failed...
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...China Tourism industry China is a vast land, rich in tourism resources. It comes out in front in the world in scenic spots and historical sites, spectacular landscape, and varied national customs. With so many attractions, Ever since the Policy of opening and reform was adapted in 1978, the tourism industry in China, thanks to the great importance attached by the governments at various levels, has become a new but most dynamic and potentially strong factor in the tertiary industry. It has been serving as a new growth point in China’s national economy. And in many parts of the country, tourism has been regarded as a pillar, superior or priority industry in bringing up the local economic development. The position of tourism in the national economy continues to be enhanced and upgraded. As China integrates with the global economy, it’s tourist industry is expected to continue to boom in the next five years. It is forecasted that China’s tourism industry still develop with an annual growth rate of about 10 percent. Moreover the sustained growth in China’s gross domestic product is expected to further stimulate the growth of tourism industry, and the number of domestic tourism expected to increase by about 5 percent annually in the next few year. Accordingly the booming tourism industry has played a vital role in increasing consumption, reducing poverty and creating job opportunities. China has experienced several years of powerful domestic economic growth...
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