...SEX DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT Fifth Edition Maryland Commission for Women 311 W. Saratoga St. Ste 272 Baltimore, MD 21201 410-767-3049 The Women’s Law Center, Inc. Copyright: 1982, 1986, 1995, 2001, 2008 The Women’s Law Center, Inc. Sex Discrimination in Employment Fifth Edition Revisions Provided By: Jill Wrigley, Women’s Law Center of Maryland With Editorial Assistance From: L. Tracy Brown, Women’s Law Center of Maryland Laurence Ruth, Women’s Law Center of Maryland Jessica Morgan, Women’s Law Center of Maryland Funding for production and distribution of the fifth edition was provided by Open Society Institute, Baltimore Community Foundation, The Marjorie Cook Family Foundation and Brown, Goldstein & Levy, LLP. Fourth Edition Revisions Provided By: Kevin O’Connor of Ober, Kaler Grimes & Shriver Melvina C. Ford, Women’s Law Center of Maryland With Editorial Assistance From: Denise Davis, Women’s Law Center of Maryland Funding for production and distribution of the fourth edition was provided by the Maryland Legal Assistance Network and Maryland Legal Services Corporation. Third Edition Written By: Rieyn Delony Sally L. Swann Louise Dean Williams With Editorial Assistance From: Robyn Mazur Kathleen Fantom Shemer Funding for production and distribution of the third edition was provided by the Baltimore Bar Foundation and the Marjorie Cook Foundation. Second Edition Written By: Kathleen Fantom Shemer With Editorial Assistance From: Jane Murphy Carol Polowy Emily Rody...
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...Discrimination In the Workplace i Sex and Gender Discrimination in the Workplace Discrimination in the Workplace 1 Sex and Gender Discrimination in the Workplace In the early nineteen hundreds women did not have rights and experienced sex discrimination. They were not allowed to be educated, vote, or work outside the home except as maids or nannies. It has been an uphill battle to attain these basic human rights. Today women can go to school, vote and are active in the workforce more than they have ever been. Women are entering all arenas of the workforce to be construction workers, entrepreneurs, and even heading large companies. Even so, they are secondary to their male counterparts just because they are female. Women are facing sex discrimination. Sex and/or gender discrimination involves treating people unfairly strictly because the individual(s) are man or woman. Sexual discrimination should not be confused with sexual harassment, although it is a form of sexual discrimination. Sexual harassment refers to the unwanted sexual advances or innuendoes from an employer. Unfortunately, men and women face sex discrimination (workplacefairness.org). Some examples of sex discrimination include but are not limited to the following: Hiring • You apply for a job and have experience and qualifications, but they do not hire you because the clients are used...
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...SEXUAL HARASSMENT- A SPECIES OF SEX DISCRIMINATION ABSTRACT ”The best judge of whether or not a country is going to develop is how it treats its women. If it's educating its girls, if women have equal rights, that country is going to move forward. But if women are oppressed, abused and harassed, then they're going to fall behind” .........Barack Obama The global economy is becoming increasingly dependent upon the ability to effectively produce and use knowledge and that the competitiveness of a country depends on the knowledge acquisition capacity of its human resource i.e. both men and women. Human civilization is gradually progressing in transforming through all tensions, dissensions, and harmony. Since the dawn of civilization women have been a catalyst of change in the different time and the climes in the sphere of knowledge and civilization, shoulder to shoulder with men, History witnesses that in a male dominated society women have stood up in their relentless crusade against the humiliation, oppression, and torture to establish their position, power, and individuality because of this crusade, society and civilization has blossomed and undergone a progressive change. The term sexual harassment “as a legal concept” gained meaningful application in the United States only in the mid- 1970s when the US courts held it to be a form of sex discrimination prohibited under the title VII...
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...Discrimination in the Workplace Tony Slattery Capella University Discrimination in the Workplace As a minority in a workplace, I receive many discriminations. Many of them are subtle. Racial discrimination hurts and it discourages me from being productive. For an example, I used to work in a small machine shop. I was the only minority in the shop. The plant manager posted an opening on the bulletin board for first shift supervisor. I applied for the position. There was only two of us who applied. The person who applied was Caucasian with one year experience in machine shop. I had over ten years with a four year college degree. At the end, he gotten the job even though I was the most qualified person for the job. “One of the more difficult aspects of racial discrimination at work, is that it can often take place entirely undetected. After all, unless an employer specifically admits otherwise, who can say for sure why they made a particular decision to hire a certain individual or gave another a promotion” ("Racial Discrimination in the Workplace," n.d., para. 2). The culture in the workplace was normal like nothing real happened. Nobody cared what the situation was as long as they do not involved them. There were many whispers and gossips. Many employees just did not care. I was mad. My morality in the workplace was all time low. My production was down and my attitude was nonchalant. I asked the plant manager why I was passed over to the person who...
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...Today it is easier for people to express themselves the way that they want to because there is not as harsh discrimination, depending on the way they are expressing themselves. An example would be if someone were to express themselves as LGBT, they would be discriminated by many people, discriminated a little by others, and not be discriminated at all by the rest of the population. Discrimination is not a new practice, it has been done to people for centuries. Some people are discriminated for the way they perform a job or project as opposed to other’s methods. There are also many other reasons why people are discriminated. Sexual orientation and gender identification are known to be some of the biggest known discriminations today. If a person...
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...During this movie, you could see couple different types of profiling. They both are different, but they commonalities. Both race, and sex are judged heavily. They are different in many ways, but also the same in ways. First of all they are the two main way people get judged. Dont get me wrong, people are judge in different ways. Like weight, height, where they live, who their families are, are they gay, or are they straight. People get judged they just life, not to say it right. Race is probably the most judged one, we had a damn war about it for goodness sakes. This was a big one in the movie. Right now you see in the world that people are talking about blacks. That they race that everybody is scared of, or thinks everybody of that race is bad. Not this movie is also racial profiles Mexicans. The scene where the wife doesn't want the mexican to change the locks, because she thinks he will give a key to his homies. She thinks hes gangbanger, becuase of his shaved head and tattoos. He not his is a well matured family man....
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...Annotated Bibliography & Outline for Gender Identity Paper Outline I. Introduction II. What is gender Identity? III. Gender Discrimination A. Male B. Female IV. Appearance V. Gender and Interpersonal VI. Development a. Sex role stereotypes VII. Environmental factors VIII. Conclusion Introduction Throughout this paper I will be talking about gender identity which I have done a research. I will be using different several articles that researched on gender identity and will share the information I got out of the articles. Gender identity is something that most of the time goes unnoticed and lot of people are afraid to be who they are. What is gender identity? Gender Identity (1988) Social Psychology Quarterly, Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stables/2786925 This article talks about gender identity, self-esteem, physical and sexual abuse in dating relationships. The article gives important information about gender identity. The researchers had examined the roles of gender identity and self-esteem in both physical and sexual abuse in dating relationships. Gender Discrimination Race and Gender Discrimination, (2009). Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2118176 This article focuses on gender discrimination and race on buying cars. The information presented in the article goes depth into highlighting how sellers sometimes can use race or gender to sell cars to their buyers. Example could be male via...
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...In the case of John Smith it’s discrimination of the law. John is open gay man is his way of live and choice. Under Title 7 of the civil rights “race, color, religion, sex, or national origin” are unlawful to discriminate under. A person’s sex and gender need not to match one with another. Some men are more feminine than other men. Sexual orientation indicates his sexual attractions and desire, that’s person’s sexual attraction to other type people of the same as his is. Sex, gender, sexual orientations are interconnected. What is more important for purposes of the title 7 that courts often forcefully draw line between them. In the end sex and gender are protected by title 7, however sexual orientation is not. “Sexual orientation claims arises when an employee suffers discrimination solely on accounts of his or her sexual orientation. Law currently stands; sexual orientation claims are not actionable under title 7. This is true regardless of whether the claim is based on homosexuality, heterosexuality, or bisexuality” (Northwestern Universality Law Review, Title 7). John Smith and Joseph Oncale had almost the same issues when they both were harassed and discriminated at their work places. Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, verbal or physical conduct of any sexual nature represent sexual harassments. “When the workplace is permeated with discriminatory intimidation, ridicule, and insult that is sufficiently severe or pervasive to alter the conditions of the...
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...sexual harassment, rape, illegal trafficking and prostitution and myriad others of the same ilk. Gender discrimination prevails in almost all areas, be it social, cultural, economic or educational. An effective remedy for these evils needs to be sought in order to ensure the Right to Equality guaranteed by the Constitution of India, to the fairer sex. Gender equality facilitates the empowerment of women. Since education begins at home, the upliftment of women would be accompanied by the development of the family, the society and in turn, would lead towards a holistic development of the nation.Among these problems the foremost that needs to be addressed is the atrocity committed against females at birth and during childhood. Female infanticide i.e. killing of the female child is still a common practice in many of the rural areas. Further female foeticide is common in some parts of India, despite the passage of ‘Prenatal Diagnostic techniques (Prohibition of Sex Selection) Act in 1994. In case they survive, they are subjected to discrimination throughout their lives. Traditionally, since sons are thought to take care of their parents during old age and daughters are considered a burden because of dowry and other expenses that have to be incurred during their marriage, female children are neglected in the matters of nutrition, education and other important aspects of well-being. The Sex...
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...19 February 2016 Vickers Questions 1. Vickers main topic of “Where the Boys Aren’t” is about the growing gap between male and females enrolling and attending college. “At colleges across the country, 58 women will enroll as freshmen for every 42 men. More men than women drop out, the ratio after four years will be 60-40, according to projections by the Department of Education.” 2. Vickers believes that schools are “not paying enough attention to the education of males.” Brian A. Jacob of Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government has a statistical analysis that “suggests it is boys’ lack of skill in non-cognitive areas that is the principal cause of the gap.” Vickers believes Title IX, federal law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in any federally funded education program or activity, is keeping men away from college. Vickers believes the Department of Education sees no problem and are not going to “take their heads out of the sand unless forced to.” 3. Vickers believes the shortage of males in college will be harmful to the social and economic world. Economically to the American workforce, where employers will “have to turn to foreigners.” Vickers also believes women “won’t find educated male peers to marry.” 4. Vickers intended audience are parents of white male children. I believe Vickers is persuasive towards that audience to make them start caring about education. She could have given optional steps that parents can take to avoid the loss...
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... 1.This is not true for some reasons. Irrespective of who is hired, once the process violates equal employment law, Jack can be accused of discrimination. Jack was wrong in not orientating his mangers on Equal Employment Opportunity, what to do or not to do to employees and new hires .In the case study; female applicants were asked questions about childcare whereas male applicants were excluded. Applicants from minority populations were also asked questions about credit and arrest records while non-minority applicants were not asked. Other discriminatory issues in the company include lower payment for older employee with more experience compared to what is being paid younger employees for the same amount of job as well as reports of sexual advances towards women by a store manager. Discrimination was made towards a 73 year old worker who had worked with the company for more than 50 years but collects less pay than employee doing same job and of lesser age. Such action is unlawful under the Equal Pay Right of 1963. Discrimination exists in the company with respect to hiring and employee management. They discriminate against colour, sex, age and payment. With respect to colour, 3 white males and 3 white females were appointed as store managers. For sex, the interview process was sex biased by asking some questions from female applicants and not asking the male counterpart. Sexual harassment was also reported by females. Considering the alleged sexual...
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...Judge Johnson noted that New Jersey's anti-discrimination law permits an employer to require its workers to adhere to reasonable workplace grooming, appearance and dress standards, as long as they do not violate other provisions of the law or other laws. And he concluded that despite the plaintiffs' claims that they were made to act as stereotypical sex objects to market the casino, the casino's requirements were reasonable. The law only recognizes sex-stereotyping when employers use stereotypes to impose a professional disadvantage on one sex or punishes a trait in one sex that it praises in the other, but neither situation occurred at the Borgata, the judge ruled. And as for the casino's policy forbidding the “Borgata Babes” from gaining more than 7 percent of the weight at which they were hired, the judge found that the policy itself, which contained exceptions for medical issues and pregnancy, was not unlawful and that the plaintiffs had not backed up their claim that it was only enforced against female employees with anything more than unverified anecdotes. Frank v. United Airlines The Superior Court of New Jersey said the terms and conditions of the CBSs’ employment are lawful for several reasons. First, the court said the offer letter and terms of the PAS fully disclosed Borgata’s expectations of the CBSs, and the CBSs voluntarily accepted those terms and conditions. Second, the court concluded that the appearance and grooming standards are not unlawful gender...
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...matures.” (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2013) There are many factors that can determine gender identity, such as nature, biological, social and environmental. According to chapter six, “Gender identity is almost always consistent with chromosomal sex, but such consistency does not certify that gender identity is biologically determined.” (Rathus, Nevid, and Fichner-Rathus, Pg. 168) Biological views tend to focus on which genetics, brain structure or hormone is linked to behavior patterns. It has been researched that there are both male and female whom have been born with “congenital adrenal hyperplasia.” This condition will cause higher androgen hormone levels that those of their peers. For the females born with this condition, they act and display more masculine traits. Studies have shown that social environments and child rearing will also impact the development of gender identities. One would argue that a child’s behaviors, interests and self-concept may be influenced by an authoritative figure or parent while they are young. When a child learns that certain behaviors are acceptable for only certain genders, those teachings can influence their sexual preference or identity later in life. “Most children become aware of their anatomic sex by about the age of 18 months. According to chapter six, in our text, most children, by 36 months have...
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...“People tend to use the terms “sex” and “gender” interchangeably. We assign a newborn’s sex as either male or female, based on their genitals. Once a sex is assigned, we presume the child’s gender. Someone born with a penis will be a boy and someone with a vulva will be a girl. For many people, this is cause for little, if any, concern or further thought.” Our society has a set of norms and if you do not follow them it becomes controversial and through most people's eyes “wrong.” Many people and congressmen believe Trans people should follow the appropriate gender role they were born, but I believe anyone can identify as any gender they choose to. Being gay or identifying as another sex is not a choice, it is how a person is born. It is hard enough to go against the current of society, but on top of that there is laws against marriage, which bathroom they can use, and strong health risks with being transgender. Tran’s suicides are at an all-time high, and it is no wonder because of how unaccepting and close-minded our society is. Opposing Arguments...
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... in Crime and Delinquency, 18(1), 47-80. In this article of gender bias in juvenile justice the authors talk about discrimination against females in the justice system. It also talks about female status offenders and how they are treated worse than their male counterparts. This article uses data from six sites in the United States to determine if females are really treated worse than males. The results from this study shows bias against female offenders for some offenses and against boys for others. There is no consistency across the country that shows that these patterns hold true in every jurisdiction. Johnson, David R., and Laurie K. Scheuble. "GENDER BIAS IN THE DISPOSITION OF JUVENILE COURT REFERRALS: THE EFFECTS OF TIME AND LOCATION*." Criminology 29.4 (1991): 677-699. In this article it talks about a theory based on sex role traditionalism. It predicts a more punishing decision for female than for male offenders, while theory based on chivalry predicts greater leniency by the courts for female offenders. This is based on a sample of 36,680 juvenile court referrals in different jurisdictions over a nine year period. The authors use patterns of bias across time, location, offense committed and previous referrals to the court system. The theory that the authors use and support show the persistence of chivalry and a decline in sex role traditionalism in court decisions. Girls were found to be punished more than boys only if they are repeat offenders. Mann...
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