...Business of Human Trafficking: Trafficking Routes Portraying the world’s countless human smuggling routes would require a map lost in a web of arrows. While the maps below are far from a complete catalog of trafficking routes, they denote some of the major regional trends in human trafficking. Source: CIA, The Protection Project, and UNICEF Europe Though most of the movement is from east to west, many migrants from Eastern Europe are also trafficked east, to the Middle East. Important gateways into Western Europe are the Strait of Gibraltar, where North Africans cross into Spain especially during the summertime, and the Adriatic Sea, where migrants, often women and girls, are trafficked from Albania to Italy. By land, migrants from Eastern Europe and Asia follow the Balkan route from former Soviet republics and satellite states through Greece. Illegal immigrants from North Africa also travel across the Mediterranean to Sicily. Many arrive in Britain by smuggling themselves from northern France across the English Channel to the port of Dover. Since the breakup of the Soviet Union, young women from Russia, Estonia, and Latvia are trafficked to Finland, where prostitution is legal, to work in the sex trade. Russian women are also trafficked to Norway and Sweden, where prostitution is also legal. The Americas Most of the movement on this map is directed toward the United States, but a number of South America migrants are trafficked to work in the Japanese sex industry. According...
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...Most people hear about Human Trafficking and think of the horror stories in local news, movies, bestselling books, international reports and other media sources describing the exploitation of persons for sex. Although the theme of Human Sex Trafficking has been a common topic through media, The United States Customs and Border Protection reports that it also includes “Domestic servitude, Labor in a prison-like factory and Migrant agricultural work” Situations like these may take us to think of Hollywood movies such as “Taken”, which show young vacationing girls in a scenario where they are being displayed in a semi private but luxurious auction, to rich foreigners against their will depicting sex trafficking. While we may have the movie...
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...believe that sex slaves, maids who are forced to work for free and having a slave mentality was also abolished in the United States of America in 1863. One’s ignorance could make it easier for criminals to bring sex slaves into the country, trick females into thinking that they could make more money in the USA, and cause females to become so brainwashed that they will believe that they cannot make it in the world without selling their body. By believing that sex slaves do not exist, make it easier for criminals to continue to bring sex slaves to America. Many may think of sex slaves as only being on the continent of Africa or in Thailand, but sex slaves are all over the world. Sex slaves could be in any one of America’s cities, towns or even in one’s neighbor’s house. According to Reddington & Kreisel (2009), in the United States, it was normal to rape your slave or allow your slave to be raped in...
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...Human Trafficking Humans are created to be free in this world. They are not goods or properties to be sold or traded. Thus human trafficking is an illegal practice. It uses humans for inhuman activities like prostitution and forced labor. Men, women, and children all over the world are facing human trafficking every day. According to UNODC, human trafficking is the transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons by using force, or other forms of abduction, or fraud, or of giving and receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. This kind of exploitation includes the sexual exploitation, forced labor or services, and slavery or practices similar to slavery (2013). Countries all over the world are affected by human trafficking (UN). Trafficking often occurs from less developed countries to more developed countries (UN). According to the Association of Flight Attendants, 12.3 million adults and children are exploited around the world, 56% are women and girls (2013). The International Labor Organization estimated that in 2005, 980,000 to 1,225 million boys and girls were forced into labor situation. As mentioned in Baumgardner work, human trafficking is expected to be the number one crime in America in 2012. Human trafficking is a 40 billion dollars a year industry. More than 100,000 children in the United States are forced to engage in prostitution each year. The United States...
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...The New Slaves: Sex Trafficking in America When most Americans hear the term ‘sex trafficking’ thoughts of helpless women and children in poor, developing, countries come to mind. However, most Americans would be downright shocked and dismayed to learn that many victims of sex trafficking reside right here in the United States. Moreover, many of the victims of sex trafficking in America were victimized by other Americans. This is a pressing national issue to which neither small, rural towns or large, urban cities is immune. What is Sex Trafficking? According to the US State Department’s 2013 Trafficking in Persons report, Sex trafficking is defined as: The act of recruiting, harboring, transporting, providing, or obtaining a person for commercial sex acts through the use of force, fraud, or coercion… defining what constitutes sex trafficking is important because it allows for non-victims to identify possible victims of sex trafficking, and it creates a clear and distinct framework in which to identify, capture, charge, and convict the perpetrators of sex trafficking in the United States. Who are the victims of Sex Trafficking? Sex trafficking victims span all races, ages, gender, etc. Many of the victims of sex trafficking in america are usually impoverished, poorly educated, and live in areas that afford very little upward mobility or opportunities to make a living. Many adult trafficking victims in the United states were swindled by seemingly innocuous work...
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...CQ Researcher Published by CQ Press, a division of Congressional Quarterly Inc. thecqresearcher.com Human Trafficking and Slavery Are the world’s nations doing enough to stamp it out? F rom the villages of Sudan to the factories, sweatshops and brothels of India and South Asia, slavery and human trafficking still flourish. Some 27 million people worldwide are held in some form of slavery, forced prostitution or bonded labor. Some humanitarian groups buy captives’ freedom, but critics say that only encourages slave traders to seize more victims. Meanwhile, nearly a million people Abducted from her village in southern Sudan when she was 6 years old, Akuac Malong was enslaved in northern Sudan until she was freed at age 13. are forcibly trafficked across international borders annually and held in captivity. Even in the United States, thousands of women and children from overseas are forced to become sex workers. Congress recently strengthened the Trafficking Victims Protection Act, but critics say it is still not tough enough, and that certain U.S. allies that harbor traffickers are treated with “kid gloves” for political reasons. I N S I D E THIS ISSUE THE ISSUES ......................275 BACKGROUND ..................282 CHRONOLOGY ..................283 CURRENT SITUATION ..........287 AT ISSUE ..........................289 OUTLOOK ........................291 The CQ Researcher • March 26, 2004 • www.thecqresearcher.com Volume...
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...Professor Stephen Henrichon FYW-101 12/1/11 Sex-Trafficking in Cambodia Many believe that all types of slavery have been banished, but in fact sex trafficking is on the rise especially in areas like Thailand and Cambodia. Sex trafficking is a modern form of slavery in which a sexual act is forced and or the person forced to perform the act is under the age of 18 years old (“Sex Trafficking”). Since there have been advancements in technologies such as the innovation of the Internet, a drastic demand for this trade has increased immensely. Sex trafficking is the slavery of the twenty-first century, but has become one the world’s growing industries (“Kristof”). In fact, sex trafficking is the second most profitable illicit business globally, being a nine to twenty-seven billion dollar industry (“Sex Trafficking”). Since sex trafficking is the second most profitable illicit business globally many people are involved hence why there are over 32 million people enslaved around the world (“Sex Trafficking”). Out of those 32 million people enslaved, eighty percent of the victims are in sexual servitude (“Sex Trafficking”). Sex trafficking is everywhere, but many people are not aware of the issue. People around the world have done little to stem the tide of sex trafficking (“Cambodia”). With the help of people observing signs of sexual activity and donating to organizations that help victims of the sex slave trade, the sex trafficking can hopefully be put to an end, not only in Cambodia...
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...Introduction It is estimated that more than 27 million men, women, and children around the world are in what has become known as Human Trafficking. This year marks the 150th anniversary of the introduction of the Emancipation Proclamation and along with the United States of America; the rest of the world is united in ending slavery around the world. Even with newer laws to address the modern slave trade, such as the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) and the U.N. Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children (Palermo Protocol) slavery in the world continues to be a serious crisis. Sex slavery is one of the horrible outcomes of Trafficking in Persons. Central/South Asia is one of the worse areas for the sex slave trade. India is what is seen as a cross-road for the sex slave trade affecting millions of children. In 1996, the First World Congress passed the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children (CSEC) in Stockholm, Sweden. The world recognized that sexual violations of children exist in all nations regardless of cultural differences or geographic location. The CSEC was adopted by 122 governments and five years later in the Second World Congress in Yokohama, Japan, the number of countries rose to 159. India has had some of the most severe problems with sex slavery, especially among children. In 2005, Indian’s National Rights Commission (NHRC) estimated that 44,000 children go missing in the country every year...
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...transportation fees through prostitution, 12 hours a day, and six days a week. Guards were posted at the doors. Attempted escapes were punished with severe beatings. The bosses considered rape a training method. Mexican farm workers paid $20 for a condom and 15 minutes with a woman, though on average they received $3 per encounter. It became impossible for the women to pay their debts, since the bosses added charges for room, board and miscellaneous fines to the original transportation fee. Eventually two 15 year-olds successfully fled to the Mexican consulate and the traffickers were arrested. The women face deportation to Mexico, where some of the original recruiters are still at large. (D’Agostino, Joseph. “The New Illegal Immigrants: Sex Slaves.” Human Events 7/2/99, Vol. 55, Issue 24, p. 4) Freedom is a short, powerful word we take for granted every day. It is hard to fully appreciate freedom when we have never had it snatched away from us. We get to choose our jobs, where we live, what we eat. If we are unhappy with any of our life situations we have the freedom to leave and engage in some other activity that satisfies us. Unfortunately, some people are not so lucky. They live the majority of their lives without ever experiencing freedom due to the various practices of modern day slavery. Today, there are millions of people around the world being kidnapped, virulently mistreated and sometimes even murdered, all to facilitate cheap or free labour and sexual...
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...human trafficking and slavery? Why is this practice tolerated and who is being affected by it? Were you aware of it? Source 1A & B Personally, I think any form of human trafficking and slavery no matter how minimal it is, is a serious offense against humanity and the greater good of the world in general. In Florida alone in the past years has seen thousands of people working in Florida tomato fields against their will. Additionally, in South Haven, Michigan State, companies such as Adkin Blue Ribbon Packing Company have children as young as five years old working in their blueberry fields (Patel, Hill, Eslocker, & Ross, 2009). Chemicals and pesticides used in these fields are toxic to the workers causing serious respiratory and carcinogenic diseases. Unfortunately, most of these cases go unreported. However, over the years after outcries by human activists and other human rights organizations who are against this kind of labor force, law enforcement officials have worked tirelessly over the last couple of years to free thousands of ‘slaves’ and prosecute those involved in this outrageous crime against humanity. Some of those who found themselves in these unkind working conditions had come seeking better lives for themselves and their families while others were ‘sold’ into slavery. Ironically, most Americans know and ponder over child labor as a problem everywhere else except in America, and shamelessly I fall into that category. How much of a problem is sex trafficking...
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...INDONESIAN; USE A CAPITAL PUNISHMENT FOR ANTI TRAFFICKING CRIME CHAPTER I-INTRODUCTION Background of the Study Indonesia is a source, transit, and destination country for women, children, and men trafficked for the purposes of commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor. The greatest threat of trafficking facing Indonesian men and women is that posed by conditions of forced labor and debt bondage in more developed Asian countries and the Middle East. The government stopped permitting Indonesian women to travel to Japan and South Korea as “cultural performers,” to curtail a practice that led to victims being trafficked for commercial sexual exploitation. However, in 2007 traffickers increasingly used false documents, including passports, to obtain tourist visas for women and girls who are subsequently forced into prostitution in Japan, through the unlawful exploitation of recruitment debts as high as $20,000 each. Trafficking of young girls to Taiwan as brides, mainly from West Kalimantan, persisted. Traffickers use false marriage licenses and other false documentation in order to obtain visas and subsequently force the women and girls into prostitution. Women from the People’s Republic of China, Thailand, and Eastern Europe are trafficked to Indonesia for commercial sexual exploitation, although the numbers are small compared with the number of Indonesians trafficked for this purpose. The Government of Indonesia does not fully comply with the...
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...Human Dignity without a Price Tag Campaign The Need There is no uniform definition of human trafficking and no consent regarding aspects that this problem entails. The United Nations Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children defines human trafficking as the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. The U.S. Department of State estimates that about 600,000 to 800,000 people, mostly women and children, are trafficked across national borders annually. If trafficking within a country’s borders is included, this figure drastically increases to approximately 2 to 4 million people, according to official U.S. estimates. Furthermore, it is estimated that 17,500 to 20,000 victims are trafficked into the U.S. annually, with Florida receiving a high percentage of those victims. Trafficked victims generally tend to flow from less developed countries to more industrialized nations to neighboring countries with higher standards of living. The impact of modern-day slavery goes beyond the individual victims; it undermines the health, safety and security of all nations it touches. It is currently...
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...Governments Worldwide Must Place More Focus On Human Trafficking A collection of current articles regarding human trafficking has been collected throughout this semester. The news reports vary greatly in geographic location but the underlying message that these events share is unified and clear. Governments worldwide must create specialized agencies, victim relief units, and allocate more funds towards the understanding and prevention of this growing crime. Due to the complexity of human trafficking, non-traditional law enforcement must be used. As stated in several of the articles gathered, a growing need for information sharing between organizations has become necessary. With enhanced human trafficking policies and implementation; accurate crime statistics can be gathered, victims can be identified, perpetrators can be prosecuted, and organized crime patterns can be seen. This paper will be broken down into several components that cover this multi-faceted, illegal industry. First, a description and definition of human trafficking will be given. The current prevention methods will follow, including rough statistics gathered around the world. Next, I will outline the difficulties that law enforcement encounter with human trafficking. The strategies for improvement will make up the bulk of the paper. Human trafficking has been deemed the 21st century slave trade. Inadequate laws against trafficking and police negligence have allowed for this human rights violation...
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...Human trafficking and exploitation have been in existence since the beginning of time. This paper focuses on the underground economy of human trafficking and its relation to the transitioning economies of Russia and Ukraine. To understand the scope of the issue of human trafficking on transitioning economies, the history and origination of the issue must be clearly understood. The emergence of human trafficking, also commonly referred to as modern day slavery, can be dated back to the beginning of the 20th century; the start of slavery when humans were trafficked for mainly for labor. Records of human slavery within Europe date back to ancient Greece and Rome, but the practice did not end in ancient history. There are long-standing historical precedents for the exploitation of Slavs within Western Europe. It is commonly perceived that slavery disappeared from Europe many centuries ago. There was little knowledge of the active slave market in Palermo Sicily, with slaves being brought from Africa until the middle of the nineteenth century. Much of the slave trade was ran by legitimate actors and companies sanctioned by the state. An active slave trade with Africa flourished in the large colonial powers of Europe such as England and some of the smaller colonial powers such as Portugal. In addition to Africans, indigenous American populations were also enslaved in the colonies of Central and South America and the Caribbean. When the importation of slaves was outlawed in the colonies...
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...They arrive at the isolated farm, many hours south of Charlottetown. The farmhouse is very basic and Charlie is told he will work seven days a week during daylight and remain in the house at night. He is told he cannot have a personal phone or call family and friends as he needs to focus on his work. His wallet and identification are taken with the explanation that they are needed to process paperwork relevant to the work. Charlie asks what he will be paid but no answer is given. He complains that the conditions are not fair and says he wants to leave. He is told it is too late to back out and that if he complains again he will be beaten. Also, he is too far from anyone who can help him. Charlie works to the point of exhaustion for a month. He is in pain and unable to get up in the mornings...
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