...American Psychology Association Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice and Policy (2011) Marian Reiff, Dorothy, M. Castille, KristinaMuenzenmaier, & Bruce Link Topic of the study: Childhood Abuse and the Content of Adult Psychotic Symptom Fathimath Shafa (3249) Abnormal Psychology -PSYCHOLOGY 4501 Missouri University of Science and Technology Dr. Mojgan Shadbash Psy.D., Clinical Psychology, Germany 1. Introduction Childhood sexual abuse and childhood physical abuse have been regarded as to cause psychotic symptoms or schizophrenia. The symptoms of previous trauma starts to display in adulthood. This particular research explores the connection between childhood abuse and the content of adult psychotic symptoms. The researcher managed to explain this relationship in multiple pathways despite the complexity of the body. About 54% of the schizophrenic patients reported having sexually abused during childhood and it is important to know how the psychotic symptoms might be related to early traumatic events considering the high prevalence rate. This research accommodates some of the other researches done on this area, in one of the research, they have mentioned specific approaches that were used to investigate the association between psychotic symptoms and the two subjects. Psychotic symptoms have been linked to range of severe experiences of childhood sexual abuse such ass malevolence, sexual themes, and olfactory sensations. Moreover, it contains...
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...Survivors of sexual assault may experience severe feelings of anxiety, stress or fear, known as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), as a direct result of the assault. Substance Abuse Victims of rape or sexual assault may turn to alcohol or other substances in an attempt to relieve their emotional suffering. Self-Harm / Self-Injury Deliberate self-harm, or self-injury, is when a person inflicts physical harm on himself or herself. Stockholm Syndrome Described as a victim’s emotional “bonding” with their abuser, Stockholm Syndrome develops subconsciously and on an involuntary basis. Depression There are many emotional and psychological reactions that victims of rape and sexual assault can experience. One of the most common of these is depression. Sexually Transmitted Infections Table of Sexually Transmitted Infections, their symptoms, treatment, and possible complications. Pregnancy If you were recently raped, you may have concerns about becoming pregnant from the attack. If the rape happened a long time ago, you may have concerns about a pregnancy that resulted from the attack. Flashbacks A flashback is when memories of past traumas feel as if they are taking place in the current moment. Borderline Personality Disorder Borderline Personality Disorder, known as BPD, is one of many possible long-term effects of childhood sexual abuse. Adult Survivors of Childhood Sexual Assault The long term effects on survivors of childhood sexual assault and/or...
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...The purpose of the review is to investigate whether childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is strongly associated with non-suicidal self-injury, a post traumatic symptom, among adolescents and young adults. II. REVIEW The relationship between childhood sexual maltreatment and non-suicidal self injury can be discussed through the Glassman et al. (2007) study. The study aimed to analyze the associations between different types of childhood abuse, including sexual abuse, physical abuse, emotional abuse, emotional neglect and physical neglect and non suicidal self-injury. A sample of ninety-four adolescents whom aged twelve to nineteen years were prepared by recruiting from local psychiatric clinics, newspapers, community bulletin boards and the internet....
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......................................................4 1.2.1 Effects of child abuse..............................................................................4 1.2.2 Effects of sexual abuse and emotional abuse...........................................5 1.3 Maslow’s hierarchy of needs................................................................................6 SECTION TWO: GUIDANCE FOR TINA 2.1 Definition of counselling........................................................................................7 2.2 Differentiation between counselling and support for learning problems.............8 2.3 Phenomenon of child trauma and its effects..........................................................9 2.4 Differentiation between parental involvement and parental counselling...........10 2.5 Learning intervention program.......................................................................... 2.6 Guidelines taken into account............................................................................ INTRODUCTION SECTION ONE: BACKGROUND One of the most important roles of an educator In a school is to assist learners pastorally (Best, Lang, Lodge, Wattkins 1995: 63). Each year in South Africa approximately five million children experience some form of traumatic experience. More than two million of these are victims of physical and/or sexual abuse. Millions more are living in terrorizing atmosphere of domestic violence. Natural disasters...
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...Sexual trauma Connie Clark Walden University Sexual trauma It has been estimated that 1 out of 5 women and 1 out of 7 men “have been or are being sexually abused as children (Bass, Davis, 1994). With a national population of 200 million, of which 52% are females, this means that approximately 27 million females and 20 million males are victims of sexual abuse. It is, therefore, true that the number of female sexual abuse victims is larger than the number of male victims, but not substantially more. However, the cultural blindness that exists concerning the prevalence of male sexual abuse and the profound negative effects this abuse has on male victims’ ability to form healthy relationships displays the extent to which this society wishes to defend social notions of male prerogatives in the face of strong evidence that many males are unable and unwilling to fulfill those cultural demands due in part to their victimization as children. In spite of the prevalence of this issue, though, while many mental health providers have services for female and male children, upon entering adulthood many of those services for male survivors disappear. As social workers, this should be an area of great concern for us. We devote a great deal of professional energy to sexual abuse issues faced by women and children, but often fail to adequately provide resources for those children when they reach adulthood. Additionally, we do not provide sufficient assistance to adult males who are sexually...
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...Developmental Assessment of Childhood: PRECIOUS The film Precious is an emotional movie that deals with the unfortunate realities of everyday life for some individuals. The film that stares Gabourey Sidibe who plays the main character Clarice “Precious” Jones is based out of Harlem in the year of 1987. Precious is a sixteen year-old obese and uneducated teenager whom has had to grow up in a severely dysfunctional family environment. Her mother verbally and physically abuses her, often times using her as a personal servant. Her father has been sexually abusing her since childhood, and has impregnated her twice. Precious has lived with the ugly truth that because of her weight, skin color, and sexual abuse, she does not fit in with the standards of society in the eyes of some. After the school finds out about Precious’ second pregnancy, she is suspended from school. She is then referred to an alternative school, “Each one Teach one” in hopes of changing the road in which her life is heading. Precious finds ways to deal with her painful realities through imagination and fantasy. Encouraged by her new teacher at “Each one Teach one”, precious begins learning to read and write. Towards the middle of the film, Precious begins to meet with Social Worker, Miss Weiss, who eventually becomes aware of the incest in the household when Precious accidentally tells her. Precious’ mother informs her that her father has passed away due to AIDS, and soon after Precious discovers...
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...Impact of sexual harassment Sexual harassment often has a serious and negative impact on women's physical and emotional health. Sexual harassment can be happening anywhere, for example in the workforce, in schools and universities, doctor's offices healing mental health clinics and etc. Sexual harassment is often found between boss and employee, between employees and it is also can be women sexually harassing men or the harasser and victim can be the same sex. Sexual harassment has psychological and emotional effects on the sufferer. * Anxiety, frustration, depression, sleeplessness and/or nightmares, difficulty concentrating, headaches, fatigue, shame and or guilt, feeling powerless, helpless or out of control, feeling angry towards the harasser, loss of confidence and self-esteem, withdrawal and isolation, suicidal thoughts or attempts * Retaliation from the harasser, or colleagues/friends of the harasser, should the victim complain or file a grievance (retaliation can involve revenge along with more sexual harassment, and can involve stalking the complainant) * Having to drop courses, or change academic plans; it may impact grade performance * Increased absenteeism to avoid harassment, or because of illness from the stress * Having one’s personal life held up for public scrutiny – the victim becomes the “accused,” and their dress, lifestyle, and private life will often come under attack. (Note: this rarely occurs for the perpetrator.) * Being...
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...Trauma, Development, and Spirituality According to the American Association of Children’s Residential Centers (AACRC), trauma is considered to be the result of occurrences of mental or physical injury such as sexual or physical abuse sexual abuse, seeing brutality, or natural tragedy (AACRC, 2014). But trauma is not limited to events per se; alternatively, trauma can also be brought about by occurrences of daily living that are emotional in nature and not quite as obvious. Traumatic stress can be evoked by trials surrounding relationships, physical issues, severe neglect, or by circumstances that overpower a person’s ability to adjust (American Association of Children’s Residential Centers, 2014). This essay will discuss how culture can influence traumatic experiences, the impact of trauma on neurobiological development, and how spiritual development can counter the effects of trauma. Cross Cultural View of Trauma Research conducted in Western countries has typically revealed a disproportionately large percentage of accounts of abuse of children among ethnic minority groups. However, mistreatment is not primarily connected to any particular ethnic group, but has been regarded as a global issue (World Health Organization [WHO], 2002 as cited by Cyr, Michel, & Dumais, 2013). The intricacy of examining child abuse from a culturally diverse viewpoint can be made clear by a number of components impeding the progress of awareness about this issue. Specifically, despite the fact...
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...BSHS442 University of Phoenix Online Although we hear a great deal about child abuse and keeping our children from men and women who prey on them, studies show that the abuser is someone who the child can trust. The offender can be anyone who is a family member, someone in your neighborhood, or any adult the child is close to. They may be a person of authority, such as a pastor, priest, teacher, step father, uncle, aunt, older sibling or cousin. Some offenders even form trusting relationships with the parents or caregiver in order to avoid all suspicions. It is important to listen and pay close attention to your child and your instincts. Check references for individuals who care for your child. It is important to educate your child about what is and what is not appropriate touch. Let your child know that they can come and talk to you about anything, their thoughts, their feelings, while you listen and remain calm. By taking responsibility and educating ourselves and our children we can go a long way toward prevention. It is difficult to know exactly how common sexual abuse really is because most abuse goes unreported. However, it is believed that one in four girls and one in six boys will be sexually abused before the age of eighteen ("Breaking the cycle," 2005). As a future advocate for children I want to work directly with children who have experienced trauma as a victim of child...
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...Crimes under the Indian Penal Code (IPC), which include seven crimes: (i) rape, (ii) kidnapping and abduction, (iii) dowry deaths, (iv) torture physical and mental (including wife battering), (v) molestation, and (vi) sexual harassment, and (vii) importation of girls. (2) Crimes under Special and Local Laws (SLL), which include seventeen crimes, of which the important ones are: (i) immoral traffic (1956 and 1978 Act), (ii) dowry prohibition (1961 Act), (iii) committing Sati (1987 Act), and (iv) indecent representation of women (1986 Act). It is equally important to clarify the concept of 'violence' against women. If we take 'violence' as "conduct which incurs the formal pronouncements of the moral condemnation of the community," or "deviation from conduct norms of the normative groups", the scope of cases of 'violence against women' becomes too broad. Narrowly, the term 'violence' has been applied to "physically striking an individual and causing injury" (Kempe, 1982; Gil, 1970), to "the act of striking a person with the intent of causing harm or injury but not actually causing it" (Gelles and Strauss, 1979), to "acts where there is the high potential of causing injury" (Strauss, 1980), and to "acts which may not involve actual hitting but may involve verbal abuse or psychological stress and suffering". Megargee (1982: 85) has defined violence as the "overtly threatened or overtly accomplished application of force which results in the injury or destruction of persons or...
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...slowly succumbing to the thrills and immoral freedom that Hyde gave in his rampage. The aforementioned novel was written as a fiction in the Victorian age of the 1800s, but dual personalities are still apparent and very real in today’s context. This behavior is scientifically known as Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), or better known for its previous appellant, Multiple personality Disorder (MPD). Much like Jekyll and Hyde’s dual personality, these mental disorders are characterized by two or more distinct entities in the mind. People suffering under such disorder often have an early childhood traumatic experience. An annual report states, “97% of DID victims report a history of childhood trauma, most commonly a combination, physical or sexual abuse” DID is developed when the abuse is perpetrated repeatedly in which there is...
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...Dissociative Identity Disorder was formerly known as Multiple Personality Disorder. This was changed in the year 1994 because of further understanding of the disorder, and realizing that the disorder was a result of early childhood trauma. Dissociative Identity Disorder is when a person possesses two or more personalities, which take control of the body and mind at different times. A person who suffers from Dissociative Identity Disorder forgets and often blacks out at times in which a different personality takes over. This forgetfulness is often described as “beyond ordinary forgetting”. During these times of “blacking-out” is when a secondary personality takes over, and that is the reason for the forgetting. The main identity is called the host identity and often is unaware of the secondary personality or personalities. Before the 1980’s Dissociative Identity Disorder was a rare disorder that did not seem to have much attention. Dissociative Identity Disorder was not mentioned by more then a sentence in the DSM that was under the category of “hysterical neurosis”. There was no separate listing for Dissociative Identity Disorder until 1980 where a group of interested therapists lobbied to have Dissociative Identity Disorder become a full part of the DSM. (Acocella 6) As defined in the DSM-IV TR Dissociative Identity Disorder is “the presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states that recurrently take control of behavior.” (526) Dissociative Identity...
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...“Menace of Eve Teasing: The Problem and the Solution” Eve-teasing, woman rights and our Bangladesh Bangladesh, a developing country, though holding quite a small area is flooded with uncountable problems. Among these, eve-teasing, recently has become the burning issue for the country because of its adverse effects on women, especially to the teenage girls. Eve teasing has remained a concern since many years. But the fact that it has taken a massive shape is of great concern. The practice of eve-teasing is a form of sexual assault that ranges in brutality from catcalls, sexually evocative remarks, brushing in public places, to outright groping and very recently teasing by mobile phone and mobile tracking. It is an obvious fact that no conscious citizen of our country is unaware about this ugly situation created by the youth who follow criminal behavior. Suicide of a probable school or college girl as an outcome of eve-teasing is an obvious news whenever we scroll down the daily newspapers. Eve-teasing has no bounds. Every other person on the streets intend to assault women ranging from rich to poor, being literate to being uneducated. It is very sad that, a healthy number of educated boys from reputed families are growing hanker after towards this practice. According to the report from ‘Bangladesh National Women Lawyers Association’ (BNWLA) the probable eve-teasers on the streets of Bangladesh are teenage boys, traffic police, rickshaw pullers, bus drivers, supervisors...
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...otherwise acknowledged, this work is wholly my own. I understand that my work may be submitted to SafeAssign and consent to this taking place BRISBANE CORRECTIONAL CENTRE Station Road, Wacol QLD 4076 Phone: 07 3274 9444 Fax: 07 3274 9514 AUTHORITY TO ADMIT SENTENCED PERSON TO A CORRECTIVE SERVICES FACILITY Prisoner: Wade Belic Date of admission: 25th August 2014 Jurisdiction: Queensland, Australia Sentence: Mr Belic was charged with assault with occasioning bodily harm against another adult in a domestic relationship under section 339 (1) Criminal Code Act (QLD) 1899. The sentence being 2 years imprisonment, 1 year parole and compulsory program attendance. Compulsory Program/s: Getting SMART- Moderate intensity substance abuse program and Anger Management and Violence Prevention. Additional Comments: Surveillance request of the inmate for 1 week commencing immediately. Mr Belic has previous history of depression and suicidal tendencies. It is authorised that the above-named prisoner be admitted to Brisbane Correctional Centre on the 25th of August 2014. Signature (Chief Executive/Delegate): IanMiller Date: 12/08/2014 Offence and Sentencing: Mr Belic was charged with assault and occasion bodily harm under section 339 (1) of the Criminal Code Act (QLD) 1899. In this section it states “Any person who unlawfully assaults another and thereby does the other person bodily harm is guilty of a crime”. In regards to this case, Mr Belic assaulted...
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...about an individual’s response to sexual trauma. The victim of that trauma has a high likelihood of creating an offence of their own, possibly using substance as a way to cope, or make any number of poor choices as a means of dealing with the abuse. What the sad thing is about it all is that many of the offenders begin as children who are powerless to defend themselves to someone who is usually in their Family. It is only through later acknowledging the trauma that someone can begin to understand the outcome of what happened to them from that incident. There are a number of outcomes that will be dicussed as well as the addiction itself and the healing process in this paper. The focus throughout being what the responses are to sexual trauma. What is Sexual Abuse? Sexual abuse is not the only abuse that can occur in a home that can have lifelong affects on a child. There are many abuses at which many different homes are guilty of. For most homes there is much dysfunction and this dysfunction can lead to or open a door for abuse. Because of the home being the primary place for sexual abuse and other abuses it is important to see what types of abuse can come from the home. According to Laaser; there are four types of abuses specific to the home and they are physical, emotional, sexual and spiritual (2004). All of these are serious and can lead to problems for a child later in life what is interesting is that sexual abuse leads to shame and the human response...
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