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美国股票期权案例

股票期权始于本世纪70年代,是西方近二十年来兴起的一种用来激励经理人员的报酬制度。以期权计划为代表的长期激励机制在美国已得到广泛的推行,股票期权创造性的以股票升值所产生的差价作为对企业经营人员人力资本的一种补偿,成功地将经营人员的个人目标与公司的长期利益结合起来。 股票期权就是公司给予员工未来一段时间内以现在的一个价格购买公司股票的权利。一般来说,管理者是以该权利被给予时的价格即行权价,在期权到期时购买公司股票的。该期权的年限一般是5-10年,也就是说持有该权利的管理者在持续经营企业一段时间后,才能行使该权利。如果该期权到期时的股票价格高于授权时的股票价格,说明他保证了公司资本和企业市值的不断升值,这是符合股东利益的。对管理者来说,在期权到期时行使该权利的结果将为他带来丰厚的收入。当然,如果期权到期时的股票价格低于授权时的价格,管理者不但享受不到该期权的收益,而且还意味着他是一个失败的管理者。 如何借鉴国外成熟的经验,结合自己的国情,探索我国的经营者持股激励机制,对于现阶段培育经理人市场,造就高素质企业家队伍,有十分重要的现实意义。对美国一些著名公司的股票期权实施情况进行分析,也许能够为目前国内正在积极探索并实践股权激励的上市公司提供一些参考。 微软公司 微软员工的薪酬主要有三部分构成,一部分是工资,另一部分就是公司股票认购权,最后一部分是奖金。微软通常不付给员工很高的薪酬,但是有高达15%的一年两度的奖金、股票认购权以及工资购买股票时享受的折扣。每一名微软雇员工作满十八个月就可获得认股权中的25%的股票,此后每六个月可获得其中的12.5%,10年内的任何时候员工都可以兑现全部认购权。微软每两年还配发一次新的认股权,雇员可用不超过10%的工资八五折优惠价格购买公司的股票。 去年互联网发展的高峰中,作为软件界巨头,就像其他成熟的技术公司一样,微软的管理人员和工程师也纷纷跳槽到互联网新创企业和风险投资企业。微软公司为了留住顶尖人才,最近又悄悄推出一系列新的奖励制度,包括超过往常数量的员工股票期权和额外的休假等。在新的奖励制度中,股票期权计划分配给高级管理人员和重要的软件工程师,最多可达200,000股。据知情人士透露,微软最近提拔的30多名副总裁中,有些人就有资格享受该项奖励。 Intel公司 Intel 公司从1984年开始面向公司的高层管理人员授予股票期权,主要用于对高层管理人员的年度管理绩效的奖励。1999年Intel对经过管理部门的推荐或者公司补偿委员会的批准对高级管理人员授予股票期权。股票期权授予数量取决于以下几个公司内部因素如:前一次赠与的数量、过去几年中的工作贡献和工作范围等。一般而言,最初授予的股票期权在授予5年后才可以行权。Intel公司在1984年的股票期权计划中提出公司会在非经常情况下对主要高级管理人员和其他高级员工赠与额外的股票期权,以认可他们在未来领导公司前进中的潜力。这类股票期权的授予等待期一般要长于普通股票期权的授予等待期。公司在1999年的股票期权计划中开始实施不仅包括其主要高级管理人员的股票期权制度,并且开始进行全体员工的股票期权计划。 Motorola公司 1993年Motorola提出了一个包括其CEO在内的高级管理人员最小股票持有指引方案,该指引方案规定,如果CEO所拥有的股票少于其基本工资的4倍,或者其他高级管理人员所拥有的股票少于其基本工资的3倍,则这些高级管理人员必须保留50%从1993年12月起开始行权所获得的股票。直到达到指引方案规定的最小持股标准。Motorola的最小持股标准为:elected officers所持有的股票不能少于5000股,而appointed vice-presidents则不少于1000股。 戴尔公司 1999年8月, 戴尔公司中国分公司的每一位员工,大约得到了200股美国戴尔公司的股票期权。在被授予的3个月后,该公司股票已经上涨了$50美元,从而使每一位雇员获得了大约1万美元的账面收益。戴尔公司中国分公司的负责人相信,股票期权将会对员工产生极大的激励作用,并将为公司引来更多的人才。 IBM公司

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