...Server Virtualization and Consolidation - A case study Ravi G Singh Consulting IT Specialist – System p rsingh@us.ibm.com Special Notices This document discusses Server Virtualization and Consolidation designed and implemented by the author for an IBM Customer. This document is presented “As-Is” without any warranty, guarantee or assurances of any kind, either express or implied. IBM does not assume responsibility for the statements expressed herein and it reflects the opinions of the author. If you have questions about the contents of this document, please direct them to the author at rsingh@us.ibm.com. Author is not responsible for errors in this document that may result in any kind of inaccuracies. Acknowledgements Thanks to John R Hock, IBM Certified IT Specialist – System p - Advanced Technical Support Americas (ATS) for reviewing this White Paper. Thanks to the customer and IBM team for their contribution and support to this project. Trademarks The following terms are registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation in the United States and/or other countries: AIX, AS/400, DB2, IBM, Micro Channel, MQSeries, Netfinity, NUMAQ, OS/390, OS/400, Parallel Sysplex, PartnerLink, POWERparallel, RS/6000, S/390, Scalable POWERparallel Systems, Sequent, SP2, System/390, ThinkPad, WebSphere. The following terms are trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation in the United States and/or other countries: DB2 Universal Database, DEEP BLUE...
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...Project Proposal. Title Shared Services a focus on Nigeria Financial Institutions. Executive Summary Shared services have been widely implemented in the public and private sectors of organizations around the world. The shared services phenomenal are spreading around the globe and financial institutions and others companies in African do not want to be left. However, with the fact that one of the basic advantages of shared services is cost saving and its leverages so much on infrastructure. Unlike Europe and America, African is still growing in the area of infrastructure and cost of labour is relatively low. This paper explores the shared service's model in financial institutions in Nigeria and reports the findings on share services meeting its objectives in developing countries. Nigerian banks are trying to compete with their international counterparts that have a presence in Nigeria and operating in the same business, cost reduction is a major advantage. Most of the International banks like standard chartered, Citibank, and Barclays use the shared service model and since none of these international financial institutions have their head offices and major businesses in Nigeria, they operate their shared service centre in any other geography. Keywords: Shared services; Financial Institutions; Nigeria 2. Introduction. Shared services refers to the concentration of services to one area or group of an organization where such services are previously...
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...history of modern computing into the following eras: 1970s: Timesharing (1 computer with many users) 1980s: Personal computing (1 computer per user) 1990s: Parallel computing (many computers per user) Until about 1980, computers were huge, expensive, and located in computer centers. Most organizations had a single large machine. In the 1980s, prices came down to the point where each user could have his or her own personal computer or workstation. These machines were often networked together, so that users could do remote logins on other people’s computers or share files in various (often ad hoc) ways. Nowadays some systems have many processors per user, either in the form of a parallel computer or a large collection of CPUs shared by a small user community. Such systems are usually called parallel or distributed computer systems. This development raises the question of what kind of software will be needed for these new systems. To answer this question, a group under the direction of Prof. Andrew S. Tanenbaum at the Vrije Universiteit (VU) in Amsterdam (The Netherlands) has been doing research since 1980 in the area of distributed computer systems. This research, partly done in cooperation with the Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica (CWI), has resulted in the development of a new distributed operating system, called Amoeba, designed for an environment consisting of a large number of computers. Amoeba is available for free to universities and other educational...
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...Distributed Shared Memory Systems by Wilson Cheng-Yi Hsieh S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1988) S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1988) Submitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Science at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY September 1995 c Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1995. All rights reserved. Author : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science September 5, 1995 Certified by : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : M. Frans Kaashoek Assistant Professor of Computer Science and Engineering Thesis Supervisor Certified by : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : William E. Weihl Associate Professor of Computer Science and Engineering Thesis Supervisor Accepted by : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : Frederic R. Morgenthaler Chairman, Departmental Committee on Graduate Students 1 2 Dynamic Computation Migration in Distributed Shared Memory Systems ...
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...October 18, 2013 Socialism vs. Capitalism Contemporary History Professor Quincy Harris Capitalism and Socialism are two different types of systems. There lies a huge difference between the beliefs of both. I plan to discuss the differences of each and discuss the pros and cons of both as well as discuss which would be better for Americans. Sometime between 16th and 19th century capitalism first appeared. Once Feudalism failed Capitalism became the stronger system used in the western world. During the time of the Industrial Revolution Capitalism spread throughout the world. In order to become an industrialized nation then Capitalism had to be embraced. Socialism’s movement was started by Karl Marx (intellectual advocate.) Socialism is an economic system characterized by social ownership of the production and co-operative management of the economy. Socialism first appeared during the 19th century. According to (Historyworld.net).The essential characteristics of capitalism only become evident with an increase in scale in two quite separate contexts. One is the formation of joint-stock companies, in which investors pool their resources for a major commercial undertaking. The other, not evident until the Industrial Revolution, is the development of factories in which large numbers of workers are employed in a single private enterprise. Speculative trading enterprises in the Middle Ages are undertaken by individual merchants, operating in family groups or partnerships but...
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...Using material from item 2b and elsewhere assess the Marxist view that the main role of the family is to serve the interests of capitalism. Marxism is a conflict theory which sees all society’s institutions, such as the education system, the media, religion and the state, as helping to main class inequality and capitalism. For Marxists, therefore, the functions of the family are performed solely for the benefit of the capitalist system. This view contrasts sharply with the functionalist view that the family benefits both society as a whole and the individual members of the family. First of all one reason in which the family does serve capitalism, is through the origin of the family. Engels argued that the need for the family arose when society started to value private property. With the rise of private property an organised system of inheritance became necessary. This serves capitalism, because if land and fortunes are inherited, inequality will be reproduced, in that middle class families can pass on more property to their family. Whilst the working class have little if anything to pass down to their family. This goes against everything to do with communism as they believe that property and earning should be shared. Therefore, this shows that the family serves capitalism. Engels also argued that monogamy arose. This was so that the farther knew who their offspring was, so that they could pass their property down to them....
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...Asses the Marxist view that the main role of the family is to serve the interest of capitalism. Within sociology there are many different perspectives on the family. Each different perspective sees different things as the main role of the family. Marxists view the family in a very critical way. They believe that the main role of the family is to serve the interest of capitalism. They also believe that the family is seen as an institution which serves to maintain the position of the ruling class. Karl Marx's view on the capitalistic approach shows the unequal nature of the economic system. He shows how the middle and upper class take advantage of the working class and their labour; and that the working class are a tool used to create profit and to keep profit margins at acceptable levels. Marx also argues that the monogamous upper class nuclear family is developed to help solve the problem of the inheritance of private property. The men needed to know who their children were in order to pass on their property on. The family was therefore thought to be designed to control women and protect property. It encourages male power and dominance through the inheritance of property. Marxists argue that the families function is to socialise us into the ruling class ideology. They see the family as an institution which serves and maintains the position of the ruling class. As a result of this they see the family class split into two categories, a small powerful ruling class dominated by...
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...CAPITALISM VS. COMMUNISM Capitalism and communism are very different in their political and economic views. The two are economic systems that attempt to solve the social and economic problems faced by many people. They are the two most compared and contrasted of all economic systems, and are compared on many different levels. There are many social problems faced by people in many different countries around the globe some of these are poverty, crime, unemployment, war, and low education. The problem of meeting the needs of the people requires an economic system that can solve these social problems. Finding which one works the best can be an issue. A communist country would be controlled by the government, which is a command economy. A capitalist country would be controlled by the people, who elect representatives. Communism was first written about by Karl Marx and Frederick Engles. A communism, states that all people, regardless of race, gender, or occupation deserves the same rights and social placement. The community owns the resources and production of the country or area. It is said that in communist countries the profit of an enterprise is equally shared by all people, and that all means of production are controlled by the society. The society comes before any individuals in this type of economy, so individual freedoms are not focused on. Since communism is completely run by the government, the government decides the prices on all goods and the price structure of the...
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...about t supply and demand is to think of demand as marketing, and supply as production. It is the job of marketing to create demand from their practices and programs. Marketing must produce advertisement campaigns, sales initiatives and motivation for the sales force to excel. Set Up Your Business Location Setting up your place of business is important for the operation of your business, whether you will have a home office, a shared or private office space, or a retail location. You will need to think about your location, equipment, and overall setup, and make sure your business location works for the type of business you will be doing. Research your competition Although accurate, detailed information about your potential consumers and competitors may be difficult to obtain, first-hand observation of activity in your competitor's establishment, talking to potential customers and watching customer traffic and volume through the week and at various times of the day will give you a rough idea of what the new business may be up against. Capitalism Capitalism is based on free market; you can open whatever business and charge whatever you want. The government has NO hand at all in the economy or in business, whether small or corporate. The idea is that the competition between the sellers is what will make the products...
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...Keynes’s “GENERAL THEORY” valid only for modern capitalism? The modern capitalism interpretation: ............................................................................................ 2 Some evidence in the modern capitalism interpretation: ................................................................. 2 elements of a general theory of employment and potential instability under capitalism: ................. 3 ð A “monetary economy” and the search for pecuniary gains: ................................................... 3 ð Determination of employment in the short period: ................................................................. 3 ð The rudiments of a theory of expenditure and critique of Say’s law: ....................................... 4 ð A more detailed theory of expenditure: .................................................................................. 4 ð Uncertainty, expectation and confidence: ............................................................................... 4 ð Investment, asset choice and liquidity preference: ................................................................... 4 ð Employment and the essential properties of money: ............................................................... 4 ð Potential instability: ................................................................................................................ 5 ð Investments, saving and banking system:............................................................
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...Engels 1972 [1848], p.1) This is the opening text from Marx and it is the theme of the rest of the chapter. Marx writes of the oppression of the proletarians and how the capitalist bourgeoisie have commodified them. He describes his disapproval for the capitalists stating that there is revolt from the proletariats due to the exploitation that was taking place, this would be the same for any capitalist society. Throughout the text there is the overriding idea that society would benefit with equality and public ownership (socialism). Then I will discuss the argument in favor of capitalism and the argument against socialism. The main concept of this text is that the capitalist society will always self destruct because of the tensions that occur between the bourgeois and proletarians. This tension is caused by the exploitation of the laborers, who work very hard for very little. Marx demonstrates that capitalism can be a destructive thing as it decreases a whole societies relationships to one that is based on greed and money. Anyone that once had a highly regarded job such as a doctor or lawyer is now a wage-laborer working in the industrial sector for the capitalists. His idea of a functioning economy is one that has societies working in cooperation with one another without separate classes dividing them like feudal times. He believes that classes and hierarchies will only bring about about conflict and a revolt from the proletariats, this is where trade unions where born. Marx,...
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...individuals who join their strengths in order to achieve a common goal, is a concept, which has been present since the beginning of time. Nevertheless, the way in which we interpret this term has undergone a big evolution in recent times. If we ask a researcher, he would most certainly tell us that organizations are a very specific subject and are defined in a very unique way. So, exactly, what is an organization? If we look it up in the dictionary the answer we will more or less find is the following: “a group of people that work together in a structured way for a shared purpose.” (Cambridge Dictionary, online). And this is also what the common belief seems to think. Nevertheless, researchers have analyzed the subject with more in depth observations and have situated this phenomenon in specific historical times. One historical background in particular has been taken into consideration while studying these structures: Capitalism. Capitalist organizations were at the base of the 19th and 20th centuries and researchers from the Frankfurt School, also know as the Institute for Social Research, took time in analyzing them. The major influence at that time was Marxism and the mind of Max Weber. Marxism situates power in the struggle between the workers and the capitalists, and sees organizations as “ those entities that bring together the powerless working class and the powerful capitalists” (Amiridis, 2012). Moreover, the organization is seen as “the stage where this struggle takes...
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...Macroeconomics May 13, 2014 The Two Economic Systems Throughout history there have been two basic forms of social organization: collectivism and individualism. To briefly define each one is to say capitalism is an economic and political system in which all the means of production and distribution are privately owned and operated within a free market society. On the other hand Socialism is an economic and political system in which all the means of production and distribution are collectively owned and operated by all members of a society. In my opinion, both systems, in their purest form, have their pros and cons. Capitalism promotes a free market system whereby citizens are practically free to create almost any product or provide almost any service and ideally start their own business to make their own profits. One of the main selling points of capitalism is that it’s a system that primarily self-regulates. It’s meant to keep prices and the quality of products and services at least half way decent. Of course it doesn’t always work out that way, but that’s the general idea. Another wonderful thing about capitalism is that it aims to preserve economic freedom from excessive government control. However, there is always at least some government regulation involved, as there should be in my opinion. Though most hardcore capitalists believe in the French expression Laissez-Faire, which means “leave it alone.” They hold to the idea that if government would...
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...Running Head: A NEW WORK ETHIC 1 A New Work Ethic: Case Study 4.4 Patricia Woodhouse Harry Mamaux Business Ethics- Bus 309 October 30, 2011 A New Work Ethic 2 1. Describe how typical the attitudes that Sheehy reports appear to be on the work environments you have experienced. After reviewing the case study a new work ethic, it reminds me of the job I have today. The workers attitudes are just that of my coworkers I work with every day. There attitudes are unbelievable. I currently work in Customer Service for a major cable, internet and phone provider. Most employees at my place of employment don’t value their jobs. They don’t see customer service in their future and many say it’s not their last stop. They too don’t like hard work and long hours. I often hear co-workers brushing customers off the phone with a quick transfer to another department, that can’t even resolve that customers issues. Many of them don’t have any work ethic. Work ethic is a belief in the moral benefit and importance of work and its inherent ability to strengthen character. I think the importance of work will show if you are performing in a job that you love. In most work environments that I have worked in it’s the same. My co-workers hated that job, they hated the long hours and they hated the...
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...innovation . He is the author of a History of Economic Analysis, published in 1954 and still refers. Neither Keynesian nor neoclassical, is often close to the Austrian School of Economics. It is considered economist excitement and it is called heterodox economist for his theories on the evolution of capitalism in democracy, he believes doomed to disappear for social and political reasons. Schumpeter leaves hardly classify an economic school. Whether it was Austrian , he has never been part of the Austrian School with which he was familiar with the teachings of Eugen von Böhm- Bawerk at the University of Vienna. The economist he admired most was undoubtedly Leon Walras , but his analysis goes beyond the neoclassical framework . He was also heavily influenced by the writings of the German sociologist Max Weber. And if he shared some conclusions with Karl Marx, his analysis was very far from Marxist economic designs. Is actually the founder of general economic evolutionism . It is therefore listed in the circle called "heterodox" economists. He believes that the foundation and spring dynamics of the economy are innovation and technical progress. The history of capitalism is a permanent moult. Technology evolves, turns pushing swathes of economic activity to wither and disappear after being dominant. Structural change is prior to quantitative. The purpose of this paper is to talk about the influence of Max Weber on Schumpeter’s thought,with respect to their central visions...
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