...A Study of Shell Oil and its Stakeholders in Nigeria Part 2 (Week 9) A review of basic issues regarding the Background and Interests of Stakeholders of Shell Oil Company in Nigeria Somaya Rhoda 16069635 Chapter 1 Introduction In a major oil spill that occurred in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria in 2008, Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC) stated that this was caused by a fault in a pipeline. In the town of Bodo, tens of thousands of oil barrels caused pollution to the land and creek. Shell’s official investigation report claims that 1,640 barrels of oil were spilt in total. Nigerian regulators have confirmed that the spill lasted for 72 days and estimate that between 103,000 and 311,000 barrels were spilt in this time. Besides the under-recording of this incident, Shell has repeatedly claimed to its investors, media and customers that the majority of the spill was caused by sabotage. Amnesty International has now confirmed that more than 50% of the oil spill was a result of operational failures. After more than 3 years since this oil spill, Shell has failed to perform a proper clean-up to the affected area, or to pay any form of official compensation to the affected communities. Thousands of activists in more than 14 countries have undertaken protests against the major oil giant, and the people of Bodo have now taken their claim of a leak of 500,000 barrels to the UK courts. Observing this particular situation involving Shell in Nigeria, an...
Words: 3480 - Pages: 14
...Shell devam Introduction At the beginning of human history, people just needed nature for shelter, for food to survive. While humanity was growing up, people started to need other things. What we do for supplying our needs is taking from nature. As a human we supposed; nature exists for human and humans have all right to use nature for each of their purposes. By time our needs were changed, we needed to use more of nature. For instance, we use woods to cook food. To heat ourselves we burned woods. Then we found the coal. The coal was very effective to get energy for lots of our needs. However, human always wants more because their needs are changed. Next, we found how to use petroleum to get energy. Why we have to get energy is because energy is fundamental for people daily life. It helps us deliver nourishment, fuel transport and energize communication channels over the world. Over the impending decades, more individuals will obtain entrance to energy and appreciate higher standards for everyday life. However these improvements could cause big pressure on our world’s resources, such as energy, fresh water and food. In the meantime, environmental change remains a big concern. Petroleum sector is one of the harmful sectors. At the beginning of using petroleum, people were using it for lightning mostly. During industrial revolution, chemist found that distillation separates petroleum to more useful forms. Engines started to work with some of new forms of petroleum, gasoline...
Words: 947 - Pages: 4
...Oil Spill in Nigeria ATURDAY, JULY 3, 2010 Oil Spill: Environment Practitioners Want Compensation from Shell From Onyebuchi Ezigbo in Abuja and Okon Bassey in Uyo, 06.30.2010 The leadership of Environmental Health Service Providers Association of Nigeria has asked the Anglo-Dutch oil exploration giant, Shell Petroleum Development Company to commence the process of remediation of all areas affected by its operations and to also ensure that the affected communities are adequately compensated. Their demand is coming as Mobil Producing Nigeria (MPN) Unlimited, an affiliate of American oil giant, Exxonmobil is battling to contain the effect of oil spill recorded June 20, 2010. The company has also just recorded another spill from its facility. The latest spill was reportedly discharged into the Atlantic Ocean from the Yoho production platform within the Qua Iboe oil fields. The Association’s National President, Chief Herbert Anyadike, who spoke to journalists in Abuja said based on the experience of the massive oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico where the company was compelled by the United States to pay compensation totalling about $20 billion, Shell should also be made to make similar commitment to the people of the Niger Delta. "You know what use to be in the riverine areas where oil will spill and remain there for many years without anyone taking care of it. Those people who have been here living with this problem over the years and have been clamouring for compensation...
Words: 527 - Pages: 3
...A Study of Shell Oil and its Stakeholders in Nigeria Part 1 (Week Six) A Review of Basic Issues Regarding the Background and Interests of Stakeholders of Shell Oil Company in Nigeria Chapter 1 Introduction The complexity of understanding the Shell Nigeria oil spill and applying critical analysis and leadership theories to the problem is a challenging debate. A reader would tend to assume that Shell is at fault and should take all the blame for this corporate and ecological mess. Therefore, the introduction needs to provide the reader with sufficient historical information and background of stakeholders such as Royal Dutch Shell Company, Nigeria (country), Niger Delta (province of Nigeria) and its directly affected tribal communities of the oil spill. The introduction is thorough as to avoid explaining in other key elements of this research paper. The Royal Dutch Shell was ranked No1 as the largest organisation in the world in 2012 by Global 500. Shell has boosted its first quarter earnings of 2012 by 11% compared to that of 2011. Shells long term projects that have just commenced creating; a gas to liquids plant in Qatar and further projects in Canadian oil sands, have in part contributed to these revenues. Royal Dutch Shell has 87000 employees globally (Global 500, 2012) The first Shell Company in Nigeria was started in 1936 by The Royal Dutch/Shell Group. The Royal Dutch/Shell Group then founded Shell D’Arcy. Two years later in November 1928...
Words: 3193 - Pages: 13
...found papers that illustrated how crude oil has affected the exposed area where Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill was located. Impact of The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill on Bioavailable Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons gave information on The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. Which is the largest marine oil spill in United States history. It estimated the amount of oil spilled into the ocean the Federal government accepted estimate of 4.1 million barrels of oil and 7 million was supported by independent researchers. Furthermore, an estimated 2.1 million gallons of dispersants were applied at the ocean surface and the wellhead. This study demonstrated that the Deepwater Horizon oil spill impacted coastal waters of the Gulf of Mexico and contributed to temporary increases in the bioavailable concentration of PAHs. Additionally, the data provide measures of potential exposures to PAHs in ecologically sensitive coastal areas, accessed by large human populations, which can be incorporated into ongoing studies in a variety of fields. Oil Impacts on Coastal Wetlands: Implications for the Mississippi River Delta Ecosystem after the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill summarized the general knowledge of oil spill impacts on coastal marshes. Relative to the chemistry of oil and its related toxicity; the capacity of microbial processes to degrade oil and reduce toxicity; the responses of wetland vegetation, benthic biota, and marsh-dependent fishery resources to oil; and impacts on ecosystem services on which...
Words: 1533 - Pages: 7
...08 Fall 08 Fall MSc OIL AND GAS MANAGEMENT International Environmental Law M28 CLS Ivenia M. Holt Impacts of oil pollution on the environment and wellbeing of a local indigenous community: A case study of the Ogoni people of Nigeria. 1.0 Introduction Ogoni is an ethnic group in the Niger (fig. 1) Delta area of Nigeria. It is a high oil-rich area, populated by approximately 500,000 people (Global nonviolent action database 1995). Ogoni’s who are hardworking people are farmers and fisher men, producing food not only for themselves but for most of the Niger Deltan’s (Ebeh n.d). The region has been plagued with serious environmental degradation resulting from activities of oil and gas exploration and exploitation since Shell petroleum development company discovered oil in Ogoni land in 1958 (Global nonviolent action database 1995). However, contaminated lands in this region were not only through wells and pipelines, but by gas flares which produced intense heat and chemical gas fogs that polluted nearby homes and rendered farmlands barren ( Johansen 2010). Oil exploration and production have been carried out by Shell international at Ogoniland since 1950s, but its operations were stopped in the 1990s due to disputes between Shell and the Ogoni’s (Kadafa 2012). As a result, Ogoniland has been characterized by oilfields and installations that have remained dormant, past spills, lack of maintenance, oil trapping and damages to oil infrastructure for over fifteen...
Words: 2578 - Pages: 11
...In a major oil spill that occurred in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria in 2008, Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC) stated that this was caused by a fault in a pipeline. In the town of Bodo, tens of thousands of oil barrels caused pollution to the land and creek. Shell’s official investigation report claims that 1,640 barrels of oil were spilt in total. Nigerian regulators have confirmed that the spill lasted for 72 days and estimate that between 103,000 and 311,000 barrels were spilt in this time. Besides the under-recording of this incident, Shell has repeatedly claimed to its investors, media and customers that the majority of the spill was caused by sabotage. Amnesty International has now confirmed that more than 50% of the oil spill was a result of operational failures. After more than 3 years since this oil spill, Shell has failed to perform a proper clean-up to the affected area, or to pay any form of official compensation to the affected communities. Thousands of activists in more than 14 countries have undertaken protests against the major oil giant, and the people of Bodo have now taken their claim of a leak of 500,000 barrels to the UK courts. Observing this particular situation involving Shell in Nigeria, an understanding will be established of how leadership could be used to address the situation. This paper is organised as follows: First, I will provide a background and history into the Shell Nigeria operations. Secondly, I will establish an understanding...
Words: 277 - Pages: 2
...BP Oil Spill Introduction: On the evening of April 22nd, 2010, a gas released and subsequent explosion occurred on the deck of Transocean Deepwater oil rig that was on the Gulf of Mexico. Eleven were killed and many were injured during the thirty-six hours it burned while hydrocarbons leaked into the Gulf of Mexico before it was closed off and sealed. The oil slick was produced by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill that covered almost 29,000 square miles. The disaster was quickly declared the largest oil spill in United States history. Not only was the ocean surface glazed with oil sheen, the impact on the marine ecosystem below the surface and onshore was devastating. Many concerns were raised about the environmental impact of chemicals known as dispersants that were used to dissipate the oil slick. Governmental agencies and others worked together to control the spill and minimize the impact that it would have on the environment and human health by containing it and cleaning up whatever came ashore. “Oil spills can affect water in a variety of ways it spreads out into a very thin layer across the surface which is called slick and it expands till it’s extremely thin”.(Bourne, 2010, p.2) The Deepwater Horizon oil spill wasn’t an unavoidable accident it was the results from negligence and avarice. The oil spill sparked heated debates regarding a variety of issues; the country’s dependence on fossil fuels, government regulations and which organization was more at fault. Key...
Words: 3002 - Pages: 13
...Corporate Psychological Defences: An Oil Spill Case Author(s): T. Ketola Source: Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 65, No. 2 (May, 2006), pp. 149-161 Published by: Springer Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25123778 . Accessed: 03/12/2013 07:49 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. . Springer is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of Business Ethics. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 130.209.6.50 on Tue, 3 Dec 2013 07:49:34 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions (2006) 65: 149-161 Journal of Business Ethics DOI 10.1007/sl0551-005-4175-4 ? Springer 2006 Corporate Psychological Defences: T. Ketola An Oil Spill Case ABSTPJVCT. protect isational morality defences the Organisational self-esteem even This an oil and moral at the paper refinery psychological integrity expense analyses and of the its parent of defences the organ the of while concessions corporation imply that is taking a ...
Words: 9258 - Pages: 38
...injured. An exploration for crude oil, now remembered as one of our nation’s largest oil spills in history. A well control event allowed hydrocarbons to escape from the Macondo Well onto Transocean’s Deepwaster Horizon, resulting in explosions and fire on the rig. The fire, which was fed by hydrocarbons from the well continued to burn for 36 hours until the rig sank to bottom of the ocean. “Hydrocarbons continued to flow from the reservoir through the wellbore and the blowout preventer for 87 days, causing a spill of national significance” (Crisis Watch). The operations were controlled by BP Exploration & Production Inc., in which they held the lease contract as operators of Mississippi Canyon Block 252, which contains the Macondo Well. Deepwater Horizon exploration was to collect crude oil, one of the leading fuels in the world. After the explosion that shocked the nation, BP formed an investigation team that was in charge of gathering the facts surrounding the accident, analyzing available information and to identify possible causes and making recommendations to enable prevention of similar accidents in the future. The BP investigation Team began its work immediately in the aftermath of the accident, since gathering information directly from the explosion site was slightly out of the question immediately due to the horrendous events and lack of testimonies and vital facts, BP investigation team worked independently from other BP spill response activities and organizations...
Words: 4812 - Pages: 20
...The BP Oil Spill On April 20, 2010, the Gulf of Mexico was changed forever. The explosion of a deepwater oil-drilling rig changed the lives of millions for years to come. The Gulf of Mexico as we knew it would be changed for decades to come after the mistakes made by the Deepwater Horizon’s crew that day. British Petroleum, the oil giant responsible for the disaster, left the American citizens of the Gulf Coastal region terrified and helpless. There were seventeen men injured in the explosion and eleven unaccounted for presumed dead, while hundreds of thousands of gallons of oil leaked into the Gulf of Mexico (BP Oil). The oil spill caused by the explosion may be recorded as one of the most catastrophic oil spills in history. This disaster served as a wake up call for the United States to seriously consider producing a well defined set of regulations for drilling in open waters. British Petroleum, although being originally founded in 1909, did not become one of the major competing oil companies until 1995 when John Browne became CEO of the company. Since this time BP has become a company that would violate laws involving regulation and cut numerous corners to create greater profit. When compared to Chevron and other oil companies, British Petroleum has been accused of 518 or more than two times as many safety violations than any other company. Also between the years 2000 and 2009 the amount of oil BP spilled into the Gulf of Mexico equated to more than the amount Shell spilled...
Words: 1834 - Pages: 8
...QUESTION 1 : WHERE DOES THE FLAG STATE AND PORT STATE JURISDICTION COMPLIMENT & CONTRADICT WITH EACH OTHER. GIVE A FEW EXAMPLE TO STREGTHEN YOUR CASE In an effort to enhance broader security issues, especially good governance, anti-trafficking, anti-corruption and counter-SALW proliferation, Port States take measures to prevent unwanted vessels, including those with armed security teams, from entering and disembarking at their ports. Port State control complements the obligation of Flag States to inspect and control vessels by undertaking investigations or verification of vessels calling at their port to ensure compliance with international obligations or standards. In the event of transgressions, violators can be forced to pay reparations to the Port State, which can arrest or even blacklist their vessels. Flag State maritime security regulations, however, generally only cover issues such as the types of weapon systems that can be brought onboard, how many guards can be embarked, certification requirements and background credentials for embarked PCASP and, in some circumstances, application procedures to gain Flag State approval for taking a security detail onboard. However, these Flag-State restrictions do not address other pertinent issues such as embark and disembark procedures for PCASP, which frequently take place in countries other than the Flag State, Rules for the Use of Force, oversight and reporting protocols, and code of conduct. QUESTION 2 : HOW COULD...
Words: 1032 - Pages: 5
...1. Về Công ty BP: a/Giới thiệu: BP là một trong những công ty dầu khí quốc tế hàng đầu thế giới.Chúng tôi cung cấp cho khách hàng với nhiên liệu cho giao thông vận tải, năng lượng nhiệt và ánh sáng, chất bôi trơn để giữ động cơ chuyển động, và các sản phẩm hóa dầu được sử dụng để làm vật dụng hàng ngày khác nhau như sơn, quần áo và bao bì b/Làm gì: Chúng tôi mong muốn tạo ra giá trị trong toàn chuỗi giá trị hydrocarbon. Điều này bắt đầu với việc thăm dò và kết thúc với việc cung cấp năng lượng và các sản phẩm khác trọng cho cuộc sống hàng ngày. c/Chiến lược: Mục tiêu của chúng tôi là trở thành một công ty dầu mỏ và khí đốt tập trung mang lại giá trị so với khối lượng. Chúng tôi đang theo đuổi chiến lược của chúng tôi bằng cách thiết lập các ưu tiên rõ ràng, chủ động quản lý danh mục đầu tư chất lượng và sử dụng khả năng đặc biệt của chúng tôi. Kế hoạch 10 điểm Trong năm 2011, chúng tôi đặt ra một kế hoạch 10 điểm được thiết kế để ổn định công ty và phục hồi niềm tin và giá trị để đáp ứng với những tai nạn bi thảm Deepwater Horizon. Ưu tiên của chúng tôi là làm cho BP một, kinh doanh an toàn hơn rủi ro nhận thức rõ hơn. Kế hoạch này bao gồm một loạt các sự kiện quan trọng 2012-2014, bạn có thể theo dõi sự tiến bộ của chúng ta chống lại những cái này trong Báo cáo thường niên và Mẫu 20-F 2013 . 1 | Một không ngừng tập trung vào an toàn và quản lý rủi ro thông qua việc áp dụng hệ thống tiêu chuẩn toàn cầu. | 6 | Quản lý danh...
Words: 1631 - Pages: 7
...Many people believe that fracking is very harmful to the environment and I agree with them. Fracking can contaminate nearby water and this in result will cause the water to be harmful to the individuals that drink it. Many politicians fight against allowing fracking to be done, but with high demand for oil many drilling companies lobby to go against any bans on fracking. To the environment it can be harmful if done wrong, but if done correctly than the benefits can outweigh the harm. Fracking is the process of drilling down into the earth, directed towards rocks, into a high pressure water mixture aiming to release gas out of the rocks, injecting water, chemicals and sand. When fracking your goal is to extract the gas out of the rock using...
Words: 935 - Pages: 4
...On April 20, 2010 a gas release and explosion happened on the Deepwater Horizon oil rig, famously known as the BP oil spill. It was the largest oil spill in the United States history, eleven people died from the spill and injured 17 others. From the spill there was about more than about 200 million gallons of crude oil that was pumped into the Gulf of Mexico. It happened for almost a total of 87 days, the oil spill started on April 20 until July 15. From underwater cameras it showed that the BP pipe was leaking oil and gas on the ocean floor about 42 miles off the coast of Louisiana. After hearing about the oil spill workers from BP and many government agencies tried to control the spread of the oil to beaches and other coastal ecosystems using floating booms to contain surface oil and chemical oil dispersants to break it down underwater. [pic]Over a period of those 87 days the wellhead leaked for about 3.19 million barrels. After the release of the oil it cause some floated to the ocean's surface to form oil slicks which expanded more quickly by being pushed by winds. The spill affected coasts of Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi and Florida adding up to total about 16,000 miles. Many investigations were started from the incident, the U.S government faulted BP and the rig operator. Due to many much of the spill coming in contact with wetlands and estuaries affecting many wildlife habitats and fishing and tourism. Being that Louisiana is mostly a tourist state, they...
Words: 1496 - Pages: 6
