...explain the work release program in prison for recidivism. In addition, while working in corrections I worked at a work release center. While these issues among the general public is somewhat complex, the program itself is fairly straightforward. Prison work release allows an inmate in custody with the Department of Corrections to live at a prison work release center and to go out in the community independently and find employment. The Department of Corrections does not find jobs for the inmates. The inmate must search for jobs and interview like anyone else looking for a job. Inmates walk, ride a bicycle, or use public transportation to look for a job. Once they obtain a job they use the same methods to get to their job. The Department of Corrections also does not pay for the use of public transportation. In order to find employment some centers require inmates to buy a bus pass that is valid for at least one month. However, since most inmates do not have any money to buy a bus pass they rely on family or anybody they can convince to send them money. The general public is somewhat leery about allowing inmates to be free to work with the general public. Sometimes when a person of the general public learns that an inmate is working at a restaurant they patronize they won’t return to the establishment. Some people might wonder what the purpose of it is. Will it prevent the offender from committing future crimes? Some people don’t believe in these programs. These people feel that if...
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...Prisoner research is a debatable topic on ethics and morals. It can be viewed as a negative practice mostly because of its history. During World War II, prisoners were forced into concentration camps by the Nazis to be tested on. The testing done at these concentration camps were a horrific scene to any of who liberated them. The Nazis weren't the only ones who tested on prisoners, but also it caused controversy in the U.S. These are considered among the most egregious cases of widespread abuse of human subjects of research in modern history (Stone pg. 6). Because of this prisoner research is viewed just like it was 70 years ago, except it hasn't changed too much since. Prisoner research is thought to be humane today, but that's just what the public know. Prisoners should not take part in medical research because they are a vulnerable population; they may feel coerced to...
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...Reentry Back Into Society Tanina C. Jones Troy University Survey of Law Enforcement February 24, 2013 Abstract This research paper is about inmates who are released into society. It all started with the second chance act which allowed inmates to start their life over in a much better way as possible. When an inmate is incarcerated they go through various different phases. Which is an institutional phase, the step down phase, the community release phase. And the after care services which prepare offenders for their new future. The second chance act which was signed into the law on April 9, 2008. The act stemmed from the omnibus crime control and safe street act of 1968. The whole process considered of improving programs and resources for offender being released back into society. These programs consisted of employment assistance, housing, family programming, mentoring and also victims support. But before these programs are attended upon release, inmates goes through an institutional phase, the step down phase, community release phase. And the after care services which help them continue to stay on the right path while being into society. When an inmate is institutionalized it makes them a different person it changes there whole mind set. And when a person has become institutionalized for so long it means they cannot properly function outside of a prison. And while they are incarcerated some of them experience many psychological effects which stem from being in prison. Such...
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...question should be asked; “does rehabilitation really work for everyone?” I will provide statistics on the success and failure rate, as well as which programs are most beneficial to prisoners. Whether rehabilitation and counseling works or not, something has to be done to assist prisoners in order for them to lead a normal life upon their release. I will discuss some of the many programs offered by various states ranging from “Pets in Prison” to obtaining college degrees. I will explain the various types of counseling offered to sex offenders, pedophiles and murderers. Those are a few topics I feel should have special interest in the counseling/rehabilitation area. I am sure most would agree that prisoners should receive some type of counseling and rehabilitation, but where do you draw the line on the rehabilitation services offered? Should the money from taxpayers be used to fund certain types of programs, how does the prison system decide who gets to participate in which programs, and how can counselors and judicial boards ensure there will be no regression? Those are just a couple of questions that will be answered throughout my report. Structural Outline 1. Educational Services Offered 1a. Prison Entrepreneurship 2a. Prison Labor/computer repair program 2. Drug Rehabilitation 2a. Program Steps in detail for the Second Chance Program 3. Sex Offender Therapy 4. Alternative Programs to Prison Abstract This research paper...
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...because this also requires the identification of subjects to remain a secret. The researchers also violated ethics by gaining consent from the underage subjects instead of their parents. This is considered to be a special problem. Parents only receive a survey that assess changes in their child, and may not fully be aware of the project that they’re children are participating in. This could prove to be a legal issue in the event that harm is done to the child and the parent sues. In order to eliminate the violations, a few changes can be made. Parents should be given a form to read and sign. In most cases, parents are better at comprehending information than children. By giving consent parents can ensure that the project is safe, which decreases legal liability. To protect subjects, researchers should not disclose the identity of subjects. Instead, researchers should inform the entire school that a project is being done and they should follow the entire school, catching more footage of the subjects. This will help to conceal the identities of the subjects because no one will know who is actually a participant. Maintaining confidentiality helps to maintain the privacy of the juveniles and assist with analysis...
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...criminal behavior among women include spousal abuse, substance abuse, and mental illness. The treatment of female offenders is becoming an increasingly important issue. Female offenders are often incarcerated in facilities designed for male treatment and rehabilitation needs. In the past, it was considered that male and female inmates had similar treatment needs, but as correctional administrators become aware of the increasing numbers and the differing needs of female offenders, they must re-evaluate the available treatment programs and begin to implement revisions to the management of program plans. It is now clear that differences in treatment between women and men within the judicial and correctional systems often have harmed rather than helped women (Harris 1998). In addition, Harris (1998) adds that evidence continues to grow of ways in which women’s experiences have been tied to their race and class, as well as the part of the country in which they lived and other personal characteristics. Research suggests that female offenders differ from male offenders on many factors relevant to rehabilitation and treatment planning. The focus of current research is why the population of female offenders is increasing drastically in comparison to the male population. The drastic increase in the number of female offenders illustrates that there is a strong need to increase the number of treatment...
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...Prison Health Care HCS/430 February 13, 2014 Prison Health Care There are many facets in the health care industry. Examples include hospitals, urgent care centers, physicians’ offices, medical labs, and more. One not really spoken about, is the prison health care system. Prison health care is the medical treatment of inmates in the United States correctional facilities. The National Commission on Correctional Health Care (NCCHC) is a federal agency that oversees the medical needs of prisoners. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, “In 2012, the number of admissions to state and federal prison in the United States was 609,800 offenders (Carson & Golinelli, 2013). With these prison inmate statistics, clearly there is a need for health care in the prison system. The NCCHC is a federal agency that was constructed to improve the quality of health care in the prison setting. The NCCHC was founded in the early 1970’s. The American Medical Association (AMA) executed a study on the conditions of jails. The AMA found “inadequate, disorganized health services, and a lack of national standards” (National Commission on Correctional Health Care, 2013). The National Commission on Correctional Health Care states their mission is to improve the quality of health care in jails, prisons, and juvenile confinement facilities. They support their mission with the help of other national organizations, mirroring the fields of health, and law and corrections, examples include...
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...Research Proposal For Experimental Education Program in a Women’s Prison By Nick Capstone Research Design May 7, 2007 Introduction This study aims to examine the outcomes of an intensive, innovative educational program for under-educated women in prison. Traditional education programs in prisons are somewhat lacking. Usually, prisons only offer lackluster GED programs. When vocational programs are offered, they are often for out-of-date professions or extremely gendered (Brewster and Sharp 2002). This program would seek to improve the educational and release outcome of women using intensive instruction and low student-teacher ratios. The need for information on the backgrounds, lives and needs of incarcerated women is evident. Though they currently only make up 7.0% of prisoners held in state and federal facilities, women’s incarceration rates are increasing more quickly than men’s. From 1995-2005 the number of women incarcerated increased 57%, compared to 34% for men (Bureau of Justice Statistics 2005). Approximately 4 out of 5 women in prison have minor dependent children, and the majority of them have sole custody (Belknap 2007). Relationships with their children are often strained by incarceration. The focus of the study will be on the changes women experience within the prison environment, rather than their post-release outcomes. Some of the changes that these women experience within the prison system may affect their likelihood of receiving...
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...Policy Development Prison crowding is becoming more and more of an issue in the United States. Every day the problem continues to grow as each person who is arrested, taken into to custody and ultimately convicted joins the prison population. Concerns have been raised when it comes to the topic of prison and its population by everyone from the public to law makers. Over the years, the growth of prison capacity has been slightly behind that of the inmate population always resulting in an overcrowding issue. “There has been no consistent evidence that crowding is associated with mortality, morbidity, recidivism, violence, or other pathological behaviors, but rather due to changes to both federal and state sentencing policies. These changes have increased the proportion of the individuals who are charged with felonies and sentence to lengthy jail and prison sentences” (Van Ness, 2008). In addressing any problem area, one first must define the terms or operational definitions. “The United States Supreme Court on November 30, 2010, heard oral argument in Schwarzenegger v. Plata about whether a federal court in California properly ordered the release of 40,000 prisoners to relieve the severe overcrowding in the state's prisons that has led to inadequate medical and mental health care for prisoners” (“U.S. Supreme Court Reviews Prison Overcrowding And Horrendous Conditions Of Confinement,” 2010). “America’s prisons now hold more than 2.3 million people, and many of the...
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...2014 Table of Contents I. Introduction Pages 3-4 II. Statement of Problem Page 5 III. Purpose of the Strategic Program Page 6 Marketing Section A. Research Questions Page 7 B. Survey Question Pages 8-11 C. Survey Results Page 12-13 Objectives of the Research Study IV. Objectives 1 Pages 14-15 V. Objective 2 Pages 16-17 VI. Objective 3 Pages 18-20 VII. Objective 4 Page 21-22 a. Develop Objective b. Planning Section c. Organizing Section d. Implementing Section e. Controlling Section Financial Section VIII. Financial Budget & Explanation Page 23 IX. Summary Page 24 Introduction This strategic management plan will address and offer suggestions to rectify an organizational problem in the state of Mississippi. In our opinion, it is a problem that the state continues to plan to build and invest in correctional facilities based on indicators that forecast the number of citizen that will end up in prison. Rather than only using these forecasting indicators guide decision making about increasing correctional facility capacities, we believe the state of Mississippi should use these indicators to develop preventative programs to keep citizens out of prison. The indicators used by the state of Mississippi to determine future prison population are 1) The average...
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...Prison Health Care Agency HCS/430 Legal Issues in Health Care: Regulation and Compliance August 4, 2014 Prison Health Care Agency There are many facets in the health care industry. Examples include hospitals, urgent care centers, physicians’ offices, medical labs, and more. One not really spoken about, is the prison health care system. Prison health care is the medical treatment of inmates in the United States Correctional Facilities (Means & Cochran, 2012) this is according to the report. The National Commission on Correctional Health Care (NCCHC) is a federal agency that oversees the medical needs of prisoners. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, “In 2012, the number of admissions to state and federal prison in the United States was 609,800 offenders (Carson & Golinelli, 2013). With these prison inmate statistics, clearly there is a need for health care in the prison system. The NCCHC is a federal agency that was constructed to improve the quality of health care in the prison setting. The NCCHC was founded in the early 1970’s. The American Medical Association (AMA) executed a study on the conditions of jails. The AMA found “inadequate, disorganized health services, and a lack of national standards” (National Commission on Correctional Health Care, 2013). The National Commission on Correctional Health Care states their mission is to improve the quality of health care in jails, prisons, and juvenile confinement facilities. They support their mission...
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...conducting research with prisoners has been problematic. As a group, prisoners have been a population of convenience; researchers knew where they were and would be, often for many years. In addition, prisoners lived under controlled conditions conducive to research. It was generally accepted to use prisoners as research subjects for testing medicines, drugs, and medical devices without regard to the risks, benefits, and rights of those individuals. As documented in Acres of Skin: Human Experiments at Holmesburg Prison (Hornblum 1998), prisoners were used in lieu of laboratory animals to test the toxicity of cosmetics. In other experiments, prisoners were irradiated in research conducted by the Atomic Energy Commission, rendering some sterile and others badly burned. These are only two examples of many experiments using prisoners as subjects. In 1978, the United States (U.S.) Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, the predecessor to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), issued additional regulations providing safeguards for prisoners as research subjects: Subpart C: "Additional Protections Pertaining to Biomedical and Behavioral Research Involving Prisoners as Subjects." These regulations address the fact that prisoners are under constraints that could affect their ability to make truly voluntary and un-coerced decisions to participate in research. Subpart C imposes strict limits on the involvement of prisoners as research subjects. The only research that may...
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...Does Employment Reduce Recidivism? Elliott Markson Do individuals who obtain employment upon release likely to stay crime-free or are they going to commit another crime? The main purpose of this research is explanatory. It is explanatory because researching the issues surrounding employment and recidivism should be able to explain behavioral changes, a change in social status, and the effects that employment has on the individuals released from prison. The main independent variable of this research question is whether or not the released inmate will be employed or not upon release. The main dependent variable is whether or not the individual will return to their criminal behavior or not. The unit of analysis we will be studying is individual ex-offenders. Our goal will be to learn something about the population that we are studying and to gather information to identify certain common traits. Observations will be made using the longitudinal study method. Observations will be stretched over an extended period of time, and made twice a year for five years. The notion that having a job reduces the probability of recidivism is suitably confirmed throughout criminological literature. Employment offers the essential earnings for survival, increases self-esteem, advances the connection to a community, and progresses the impression of belonging to a group. Consequently, even if locating employment is strenuous for ex-offenders, a policy that aids these individuals in gaining...
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...Titchener. Structuralism became the first major school of thought in psychology, held that our most complex conscious experiences can be broken down into different structures and parts of feelings and sensations. William James introduced functionalism, which stressed how important behavior functions are to allow people and animals to adapt to their surroundings. Behaviorism was introduced to us by John B. Watson. Behaviorism pretty much was another example of the influence of physiology on psychology. Behaviorism denied any emphasis on consciousness promote but functionalism and structuralism. Part II: Research Methods Provide a brief overview of some research methods used by psychologists. Include strengths and weaknesses of each method. One research method used by psychologists is data collection. Once it has been decided which type of research to use, the next step is to determine how the information will be gathered. There are a number of different research methods that are used in the study of developmental psychology, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. Some common approaches include observation, case studies, questionnaires, and experimentation. Another research method that is commonly used is observation; there are two different types of observation. The first involves viewing the subject of interest in a lab setting, a controlled...
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...The normal challenge for female Correctional Officer or Staff member is the gender itself. Often at times the staff in a prison facility are harsher to those that are of the dominate gender in that one facility. Some may believe that females are not capable enough to handle the hardships that come with working with inmates. Statistically, many facilities don’t have female staff members due to aspects of working in a prison facility; especially in a male dominated area. According to Frank DiMarino, as of 2007, the number of female correctional staff was at about 37 % (Women as Corrections Professionals). There are few but hard-hitting effects of female COs that make working at a facility challenging; which include gender bias/victimization, stereotypes against women in the environment of a facility, and attitudes in the facility with gender bias, and aspects of stress with working at a facility that is predominately male. An increasing factor that follows the female population around the work-force is the association with gender bias. Too often do work-forces harshen the work load when the difference of gender comes into play at a place where it is predominately male or female. The underlying factor of gender difference is one of the most reasons why most women do not last in a predominately male facility for correctional officers. Women often feel fearful and/or vulnerable in a male dominated correctional facility. “A female corrections officer is more likely to respond more...
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