...530 Should Public Employees be allowed to strike? Strikes are a movement by employees when they feel their labor is being unappreciated or there is a wrong doing with their pay and possibly retirement plan. This will cause employees to band together and strike. A strike is when employees refuse to do the work that their employer has asked of them. It is usually the last step in labor management negotiations and is something that both sides typically want to avoid. Since when employees go on a strike both sides lose out on something. Employees do not get paid and the employers do not get their productivity done. In history, public employees never had the right to strike and they never struck before the 1960’s. That is the movement that they began to fight for their rights as public employees and it caused a major movement for public employees to stand up for themselves and fight back against the union that was violating their rights as public employees. Until the late 1960s, public employee strikes were illegal in every jurisdiction in the U.S. Yet when the idea took hold and the context was right, hundreds of thousands of public workers struck anyway, violating state laws and court injunctions. And they generally won—achieving recognition and good contracts, and forcing lawmakers to amend state laws to permit public employee bargaining. - See more at: http://labornotes.org/2014/06/inspiration-look-history-public-worker-strikes#sthash.G0co1ed1.dpuf Public employee...
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...Should Public Employees Be Allowed to Strike? Public sector employment involves working for any “local, state or federal agency”, effectively making the government the main employer for all public sector workers. Organized labor in the US has been a big part of the public sector since the early 1900’s, but this arena has seen some drastic changes occur in the last century. Looking at the data, it is clear to see that union membership has declined from 1/3 of the nationwide non-agricultural work force, to a mere 12.3% in recent years. Since then though, we also see a sharp decline in private sector unions, but interestingly enough, there was an increase in public-sector union membership, which is now estimated to be around 7.9 million employees. In addition, numerous economists agree, and have stated time and time again, that public sector unions and the political power they currently hold actually increases government spending, by making public goods and services unavailable through strikes, and by skewing the overall pay grade for public sector jobs at a National scale. The main problem being, that the overall demographic of union members in the last 50 years has dramatically changed. To put it in perspective, the public sector usually a higher wage for lower end jobs when compared to the private sector. The Bureau of Labor Statistics released its data and concluded that the average median pay for office clerks actively working in the public sector was $27K in 2005, the average...
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...Table…………………………………………………………………………………….24 9. References……………………………………………………………………………….25 1. Historical Perceptive of Industrial Relation in Pakistan. Current population of Pakistan is 182.1-million approximately; it’s ranked sixth as most populated country of the world (Population Census Organization). Total labor force is 59.21 million in Pakistan ( Index Mundi Pakistan) out of total labor force 49.09 million is employed and rest is unemployed, women has got 20% rate in employed strength , in agriculture sector employs are 44%, in service sector 35%, in industry and manufacturing employs are only 20% Industrial relations are the efforts made for the resolution of the differences between employer and employees, on objectives and values, profitability sharing and social justice. Discipline and authority, freedom and industrial democracy, collective bargaining and co-operations, individual versus group interest. (Lester R. A, 1951). Industrial relation can also be defined as the Relationship and negotiation among employees, employer and Government related to any organization. AS for the Historical Background Of Industrial Relation is concerned in pre-independence era for nearly 200 years British ruled...
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...Dale Moles Dan Barthel Micro-Econ Spring 2011 5 May 2011 Unions in America Over the past century in America the labor movement has played an important role in the shaping of this country, for better or worse. The influence of unions has ebbed and flowed through the bas century in a struggle for power in the workplace. The status of the labor movement has always been precarious due to the love-hate relationship America has toward unions. Today, just as one hundred years ago, some Americans feel that unions are crucial to the continuing development of our country, and others believe that they are the opposite, that unions will eventually drag the country down. Unions are just about as old as America itself. There were primitive unions of carpenters and other groups in colonial America but it wasn’t until the 1820’s that national labor unions started to gain strength. It was during this time that workers banded together to reduce the hours worked in a day from 12 to 10, and then in 1866 the National Labor Union persuaded Congress to drop the workday to the current 8 hours. Labor Day is a creation of unions as well. The first Labor Day celebration was on the 5th of September, 1882. Labor Day is now held on the first Monday in September. The American Federation of Labor (AFL) formed in 1866 and made many contributions to the cause of protection American workers. The AFL lobbied to create the US Department Moles Pg. 2 of Labor and the Children’s Bureau...
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...Services (DTS) and Department of Telecom Operations (DTO) were merged to form a public sector company called Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) with effect from 1 October 2000. This process of corporatization highlighted the need for prior ground work in evolving a road map and a blueprint of the future strategy. In 1994, the Government announced the National Telecom Policy which defined certain important objectives in the sector, including availability of telephone on demand, provision of world class services at reasonable prices, ensuring India's emergence as major manufacturing / export base of telecom equipment and universal availability of basic telecom services to all villages. It also announced a series of specific targets to be achieved by 1997. As against the NTP 1994 target of provision of 1 PCO per 500 urban population and coverage of all 6 lac villages, DoT has achieved an urban PCO penetration of 1 PCO per 522 and has been able to provide telephone coverage to only 3.1 lac villages. As regards provision of total telephone lines in the country, DoT has provided 8.73 million telephone lines against the eighth plan target of 7.5 million lines. NTP 1994 also recognised the fact there was a need of help from private investment to get the required resources for achieving these targets as the government alone would not be able to provide the needful. The Government then tried to invite private sector participation in a phased manner but the result of the privatisation was not...
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...sense, it includes ‘the relation between an employee and an employer in the course of running of an industry’. Actors in the IR system Three main parties are directly involved in industrial relations: Employers: Employers possess certain rights vis-à-vis labors. They have the right to hire and fire them. Management can also affect workers’ interests by exercising their right to relocate, close or merge the factory or to introduce technological changes. Employees: Workers seek to improve the terms and conditions of their employment. They exchange views with management and voice their grievances. They also want to share decision making powers of management. Workers generally unite to form unions against the management and get support from these unions. Government: The Government influences and regulates industrial relations through laws, rules, agreements, it also includes third parties and labor and tribunal courts. 1.2 Definition The Oxford Dictionary defines industrial relations (IR) as the "interaction between employers, employees, and the government; and the institutions and associations through which such interactions are mediated." Sometimes treated as the equivalent of labor relations, industrial relations considers the impact of these interactions on humans and organizations. This article considers industrial relations from the perspectives of researchers, governments, managers and workers. In the "Industrial Relations Journal," Ardha Danieli wrote that IR has been widely...
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...labor unions is that most of them are enterprise unions, in other words they are attached to a company, while in France they speak in the name of an occupation or an industry as a whole. That is why labor unions are an important feature of the management system in Japan. In response to the 1950s and 1960s’ huge waves of labor protests and struggles, union leaders relationships operated a shift from confrontation to cooperation and collaboration. In the same time, to resolve the problem of stagnating productivity, the companies started to follow the guidance of the Japan Productivity Center by improving the relationship between workers and management. The establishment of this relationship of trust led to a decrease in the number of strikes, as it enabled both parties to reach an agreement without using force . Thanks to this relationship of collaboration, most management executives have a high opinion of the labor union, and think it contributes to the...
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...due to the weakened position of labor unions. TRUE Difficulty: Easy 3. (p. 5) When an employer uses an employee suggestion box to gather ideas and concerns from its employees, it is primarily addressing the labor relations goal of efficiency. FALSE Difficulty: Moderate 4. (p. 5) The goals of efficiency, equity, and voice in the workplace rarely conflict with one another. FALSE Difficulty: Easy 5. (p. 6) A key role of unions is to negotiate work rules and practices that ensure fair treatment of employees by their managers and employers. TRUE Difficulty: Easy 6. (p. 6-7) In the United States, employees have broad protections against arbitrary dismissal such that employers must provide a good, business related reason for firing someone. FALSE Difficulty: Moderate 7. (p. 6) The official policy of the Unites States is to protect workers’ rights to act together for mutual aid and protection in the workplace and to promote collective bargaining as a way to resolve workplace conflict. TRUE Difficulty: Moderate 8. (p. 7) In the U.S., workers can generally be discharged for good cause, no cause, and even a morally wrong cause. TRUE Difficulty: Moderate 9. (p. 7) Most industrialized countries give employers wide latitude to dismiss employees "at will" (i.e., without a just cause.) FALSE Difficulty: Moderate 10. (p. 7) In 2011, the Packers beat the Chicago Bears in their bid for the Super Bowl. The next...
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... Introduction This paper offers an overview of the employment relations framework in Malaysia, focusing on the current status of three key areas central to the employment relations system, namely, the strength of the trade union movement, security of employment for employees, and the state’s position on measures to deal with sexual harassment. It will only examine these subsystems of the employment relations system as they apply in the private sector where the majority of employees work, this sector is considered the main driver of Malaysia’s economy. The Trade Union Movement The relationship between employers and employees in Malaysia is regulated by a number of laws which were introduced prior to independence (1957) and in the first decade immediately thereafter. The colonial economy prior to World War II (1939-45) was based on tin mining and rubber plantations. The need for labour in these two industries changed the human landscape of Malaysia (Malaya as it then was) for ever. The colonial government either allowed or actively encouraged the importation of labour from China and India, thus creating the multi-racial society which is Malaysia today. The wages of this growing group of employees were low and working conditions were mostly abysmal. Jomo and Todd explained the lack of governmental interference to improve the lot of workers by saying, ‘As a major employer 1 Maimunah Aminuddin (m_aminuddin@hotmail.com) taught industrial relations, employment...
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...to Air India Submitted By : Sapana Sarawagi (MS-49) Sonam Gensapa (MS-52) Sandeep Jorasia ( MS-46) Case: Air India employees go on a strike after their grievances regarding parity in wages, delay in payment of their salaries and issues relating to working conditions could not be resolved. Currently the issue is going on as they have threatened to go on a strike on March 9, 2011. Background: In May 2007, India's Ministry of Civil Aviation announced that Air India Limited (AI), India's national flag carrier and Indian Airlines Limited (IA), the government owned domestic airline, would merge with effect from July 15, 2007.1 The new airline formed by the merger was to be called 'Air India,' and would operate in both the domestic and international sectors. The AI-IA merger was expected to create one of the biggest airlines in the world in terms of the fleet size. According to information posted on IA's website, the increasingly intense competition faced by AI and IA from private and global airline companies, was the main reason for the merger of the two airlines. . However, the proposed merger was not without its share of critics. Initially there was opposition from the employees of the two airlines as they feared that the merger would result in job cuts. The Aviation Minister, Praful Patel, had allayed their fears and assured the employees unions of the two airlines that employment conditions, wages, seniority and career progression, would largely remain unchanged...
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...CCMM515 | Bringing Along Change | Socio-economic Challenges of South Africa and Policies That Could be Implemented | | John JH Scheffer 22770933 | | 14 April 2015 Class Participation Assignment for CCMM515 | Introduction Since the dawning of a new era in 1994 South Africa has faced many challenges. Naturally change brings a long a new frontier and as one would expect many rough terrains. South Africa has thus far been a colossal beast charging through the constant strife of these rough terrains despite the constant lashing of its riders ever since it received its independence, however many fear the last straw is about to be placed on this beasts back. Current affairs threaten the future economic viability of South Africa and although recent assertions have been made to ensure the economic growth, the governments have done little or nothing to achieve these goals. Whether because of sheer incompetence, narrow vision focused on the past or the lack of proper management is arguable however there is little to be achieved by discussing the shortcomings of the government. This essay focuses on a more challenging viewpoint where the current socio-economic challenges of South Africa will be discussed and the policies that could be implemented to resolve these issues. The propositions in this paper are proposals that would be suggested for implementation as policies to resolve socio-economic...
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...focus on workers within a specific occupation. On the other hand Industrial unions seem to be centered on workers in a certain industry, without a concern of a specific occupation. Craft unions derived from guilds of medieval Europe. They typically were blacksmith’s or bakers. Apprentices picked up their knowledge of the trade from masters. Industrial unions tend to take a different direction than craft unions. These type of unions are geared towards industrial sectors, which usually include transportation or food services. The International Brotherhood of Teamster’s just happens to be the largest industrial union in the United States of America. The first industrial union job was perceived to be long hauling. Unions struggle not only with race, but also gender. Labor and labor organizations were typically viewed as a masculine work environment since it required physical labor. The unity of the AFL and the CIO in 1955 brought upon a more masculine image involving two muscular arms shaking hands. World War II allowed women to enter labor jobs since men were out fighting the war. However, it did not change the masculinity of the work force; instead it showed women being just as muscular as men. Propaganda posters around this time started to appear. These posters depicted a woman by the name of Rosie, who would be in denim attire and a red headband. She would be flexing her bicep with a caption above stating “We...
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...Privatization of Prisons Private Prison, Inc. Introduction America has been getting tougher on lawbreakers. This is something that the public long has been demanding. The problem it creates, however, is a shortage of prison capacity to hold the increased numbers of convicted criminals. This has led to: prison overcrowding, sometimes prompting court actions against penal systems; rapidly rising operational outlays; and taxpayer resistance to the cost of new prisons. A partial answer to the problems of prison overcrowding and high costs may be the "privatization" of prisons. Costs and overcrowding problems are the driving force behind the privatization phenomenon. As a national average, it costs roughly $20,000 per year to keep an inmate in prison. There are approximately 650,000 inmates in state and local prisons. This costs taxpayers an estimated $18 billion each year. More than two thirds of the states are facing serious overcrowding problems, and many are operating at least 50 percent over capacity. Cost comparisons between private and government operation of prisons show frequent cost savings under private management. While the national average cost to hold a prisoner in a government run prison is $40 per inmate a day, many privately run prisons charge the governments on average lower fees. U.S. Corrections Corporation (USCC), a private company headquartered in Louisville charges Kentucky charges a daily fee of $25 per inmate. In their first year of operation in...
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...Introduction The term “drone” covers a wide variety of unmanned aerial vehicles. Drones range in size from one pound to 30,000 pounds. Various components can be added to a drone to increase its capability. Drones can be heat-seeking or capable of detecting certain chemicals, for example. Because of the variety of functions of drones, there is a great deal of interest in both public and private sectors in expanding drone usage. As drone use evolves in the United States, there are many legal ramifications to consider. This paper discusses current drone use, the future of drones, and the legal issues involved. Government Drone Use Drones or Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) have shifted the defense landscape not only in the US but also across various other nations. It is an additional layer of defense strategy that deviates from the traditional methods employed thus far. Although they may be used in strategically planned strikes, their primary purpose is in intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR). The US amongst other countries has been spearheading the advancement and use of this growing technology for the last decade. The Department of Defense operates approximately 8000 of these vehicles in their fleet. The use of drones by the US department of Defense is only one arm of the several other that is operated by the government. Customs and Border Protection Agency, Homeland Security, State fire departments and police departments are other significant users of this...
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...several prime ministers and multiple cabinet changes since the revolution, and many investors have reported that the constant shuffle and interim tenure of government officials have contributed to a difficult business environment. Nonetheless, in January 2012 Egypt seated its first parliament elected in free and fair elections, and many of the members have identified increasing foreign investment as a top priority for the government. Egypt continues to honor its pre-revolution laws, international treaties, and trade agreements. It is party to 111 bilateral investment treaties and is a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), and the Greater Arab Free Trade Area (GAFTA). In most sectors, there is no legal difference between foreign and domestic investors. There are, however, special requirements...
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