...is appropriate for young impressionable minds. Internet censorship is control or suppression of the publishing or accessing of information on the Internet. (Wikipedia.org) Opinions on the topic of Internet censorship vary, with arguments being made both for and against censorship. Although people have a right to decide for themselves what is and is not appropriate however, when it comes to our youth and those innocent to these materials our legislation should protect them from sexually explicit materials. Much of this material can be easily accessed. Nine out of 10 children aged between eight and 16 have viewed pornography on the Internet. In most cases, the sex sites were accessed unintentionally when a child, often in the process of doing homework, used a seemingly innocent sounding word to search for information or pictures. (MyKidsBrowser.com) The First Amendment of the United States Constitution protects the rights to freedom of religion and expression from government interface. Under the first amendment,...
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...that depicts erotic behaviour and is intended to cause sexual excitement in its audience. It is an issue that has been under constant debate in our society and there are many arguments for and against pornography it has been extensively debated whether pornographic material should be legally protected or banned. Those who believe pornography must be protected argue that the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees freedom of expression, including sexual expression. A strong defender to this view is McElroy, who reflects this in her writing of “XXX: A Woman’s Right to Pornography”. Opponents of McElroy’s view raise moral concerns, arguing that the First Amendment does not protect expression that corrupts people's behaviour, therefore defending the suppression of pornography because it perpetuates gender stereotypes, as women are reduced to nothing more than sex objects which promotes violence against women and that men are viewed as “naturally” oppressive and violent and they are ruled by their sexual natures. Opponents also believe that even if pornography is viewed as speech it should be treated as a low value form of speech that is not entitled to First Amendment protection. According to the Radical feminist view, men are socialized to have sexual desires and to feel entitled to have those desires met, whereas women are socialized to meet those desires and to internalize accepted definitions of femininity and sexual objectification. As men cling to the masculine idea...
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...individuals to help their cases when taking legal action. Merriam-Webster defines pornography as, “the depiction of acts in a sensational manner so as to arouse a quick intense emotional reaction” (merriam-webster.com). Merriam-Webster describes pornography in a docile manner making it appear inviting. The Oxford dictionary defines pornography in a more intense visual cue of the actual intent. The definition states pornography is, “printed or visual material containing the explicit description or display of sexual organs or activity, intended to stimulate sexual excitement” (oxforddictionaries.com). Dictionary.com defines pornography as, “obscene writings, drawings, photographs, or the like, especially those having little or no artistic merit” (dictionary.reference.com). They appeal to the artistic aspect of pornography by stating that pornography is not art because of the obscene nature. Lawyers will use this definition when advocates for pornography as art, and the first amendment, are in the courtroom battling for the right, whichever that may be. Nudism in art gets a bad rap from pornography by virtue of the nature of being nude. The body itself must be viewed as a wonderful creation of God. All of the body’s parts serve a special function and when used properly it...
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...Internet Pornography: Freedom of Press or Dangerous Influence? The topic of pornography is controversial many times because of the various definitions which each have different contexts. Is it nudity, sexual intercourse, art, or all of these? Is it magazines, videos, or pictures? For the purposes of this paper, pornography will be defined as any material that depicts erotic behavior and is intended to cause sexual excitement. With all of the arguments presented in this paper, it seems only a vague definition of this type can be applicable to all views on the subject. Pornography on the Internet has brought about difficulties pertaining to censorship. All of the arguments in this paper can be divided into one of two categories: those whose aim is to allow for an uncensored Internet, and those who wish to completely eliminate pornography from the Internet all together. All arguments for an uncensored Internet all cite the basic rights offree speech and press. While arguments in this paper are international, almost everyone of them cites the First Amendment of the United States. In many of the papers it is implied that the United States sets precedent for the rest of the world as far as laws governing the global world of the Internet. Paul F. Burton, an Information Science professor and researcher, gives many statistics showing that presence of pornography on the Internet is not necessarily a bad thing. He gives one example that shows that "47% of the 11,000" most...
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...Table of Contents Spanierman v. Hughes ……………………………………………………………………………………………. New Jersey v. T.L.O. ………………………………………………………………………………………………. Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier ……………………………………………………………….. Christensen v. Royal School District No. 160 ………………………………………………………….. References and Works Cited ……………………………………………………………………………….. Spanierman v. Hughes, 576 F. Supp. 2d. 292. (D. Conn. 2008) Jeffrey Spanierman, a teacher at Emmett O’Brien High School in Ansonia, Connecticut, created a MySpace page for the purpose of communicating with his students regarding homework, learn more about the student’s personal interest and to conduct casual, non-school related discussions. (Neuberger, 2008) A colleague visited the page and was concerned with some of the content---pictures of nude men captioned with inappropriate comments and personal conversations between Mr. Spanierman and the students. The colleague spoke to Spanierman and convinced him to remove the page arguing that it was disruptive to students. Spanierman complied, but went on to create a new profile page with similar content. The colleague learned of the new page and immediately reported her findings to the school administration. The administration went on to place Spanierman on administrative leave and ultimately declined his teaching contract for the upcoming school term. (Neuberger, 2008) In the case of Spanierman v. Hughes, 576 F. Supp. 2d, 292, the Plantiff, Jeffrey...
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...legislation and changing public opinion. The media’s representation of women overall at this time counteracted these goals. By creating a derogatory picture of the “feminist”, the media made her unsympathetic to the public. Rather than creating support for the core goals of the feminist movement, the media focused on more controversial topics, specifically gay rights. This negative media coverage of the women’s movement hurt its ability to implement meaningful legislation, such as the Equal Rights Amendment. The way in which print media degraded women, demonized feminists, and connected feminism to controversial topics damaged the progress of second wave feminism in the 1970’s. The definition of a feminist is a person who believes in the social, economic, and political equality of the sexes (Miriam Webster Dictionary). While people who believe in the equality of the sexes have been around for centuries, the first organized feminist movement in the United States was the 1920’s first wave feminism, which focused on achieving women’s voting rights (The Women’s Rights Movement). The feminist movement of the 1970’s, or second wave feminism, broadened its mandate to focus on a wide range of topics,...
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...circulation of literary, artistic, or educational materials… of images, ideas, and information…on the grounds that there are morally or otherwise objectionable in light of standards applied by the censor”Though parents may choose to discuss what their children are exposed to the idea of removing it from access to the public is absurd. By removing books from school libraries concerned members of society are now limiting children and their potential to expand their horizons. I firmly believe everyone has the right to be exposed to knowledge. By limiting the literature that a young mind is exposed to limits the ability to understand and become open minded. On that note I understand that some books should not be hand to children until they have the mental capacity to comprehend the language and the meaning behind some books as not to see these books as simple stories or to be taken literally. I understand that people have reasons for their censors but it does not mean they are always right. There are four motivational factors that may lie behind a censor’s actions. Those factors are family values, religion, political views, and minority rights. On the basis of family values, the censor is usually threatened by changes in accepted traditional ways of life. They view sexual works as deviations from the norm and want to protect their children from the negative effects of sexual behavior. Censorship based on religion views sexual works as attacks on the religious faith itself. Also, anti-religious...
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...exceeds his own privileges a. “insider”: has some privileges/rights 2. user denies privileges to others b. may be an “outsider”: no access rights B. Most Common Statutes 1. unauthorized access statutes 2. computer fraud statutes 3. computer damage statutes C. Why Punish? 1. utilitarian: deterrence of harmful conduct, incapacitation, rehabilitation (looks forward) 2. retribution: just deserts; restore moral order (looks back) D. The Hacker Ethic: an open and free approach to using and exploring computers; any computer user has the right to tinker with and improve any computer; rules governing access should NOT be followed 1. misuse can improve security E. How or When to Punish 1. Property-based view: the computer is not yours, so if you break in you should be punished; if you want access, you need permission 2. Harm-based view: the mere fact of breaking in does not create harm; need to have some financial losses a. financial losses usually relate to security measures taken after the fact to prevent future hacking F. PROPERTY-BASED APPROACH 1. traditional property crimes: trespass, burglary, theft a. not a...
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...their actions, but by the uniforms they have worn over time. The image of Florence Nightingale in her uniform, carrying her lamp and caring for the wounded is an image instilled in nurses’ minds to this day. Unfortunately, this is not the image instilled in the public today. On television nurses are portrayed as sexual beings, and we are being defined as such. Nursing should promote Ms. Nightingales teachings to the public in everyday situations. The Truth About Nursing, a non-profit organization, speaks frequently on the image of nursing and on empowering nurses to change how they are perceived (Geller & Summers, 2014, p. 26). Ms. Summers is the founder and the executive director. The image of nurses is in the hands of each individual nurse. Therefore it is essential for each nurse to take a stand and vocalize his/her role in the medical profession. It is important that nurses remember the past. However, it is even more important that the legacy we leave behind is of a profession that is strong and accurate. We can do this by responding to the negative images. Television representations of nurses have historically been less than positive. Older people still have the idea that nurses are caregivers and follow the doctor’s orders. Sadly in our society today our young people are influenced by television and social media. In 1968 the television show, Julia, starring Diahann Carroll, was the first African American to be depicted in a lead role...
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...goes much further than television. It stretches from the simple redaction of any text or other form of media to a complete ban of it. Many supporters claim that censorship protects people from harm, censorship does more damage than it does protection. Censorship violates basic human rights, has the ability...
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...procedure, and constitutional evidence. The search part of the crime scene involves a related focus which is in legal requirements. It is crucial to incorporate the Fourth Amendment in the crime scene search process which implicates the search and seizure warrant rule. Many investigators and officers are unaware of the absence of generally recognized exceptions to the search and seizure warrant rule, law enforcement officers must obtain a warrant to search a crime scene where a reasonable expectation of privacy exists. (Geberth, 2003). The procedures behind crime scene searches consist of isolating, securing, search, and document the scene, as well as obtaining physical evidence which is the physical objects linked to the order of a crime such as hairs, paint chips, fibers, and bullets. Records which are basically keeping accumulated general descriptive data of the crime scene, and witnesses. In isolating and securing the crime scene an investigator should put up tape in order to prevent bystanders from crossing it, and to define the perimeter. Police personal should also be there and accounted for, in order to keep individuals from crossing into the crime scene. If someone needs to inter the crime scene, it should be documented into a log. All of this should be recorded in its original condition by a team. The first officer...
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...Table of Contents Title Page.................................................................................................................................i Table of Contents....................................................................................................................1 A. Inroduction.........................................................................................................................2 B. Definition...........................................................................................................................3 - 4 C. Issues..................................................................................................................................4 - 8 i. LGBT parenting..........................................................................4 ii. Adoption.....................................................................................4 - 5 iii. Surrogacy and fertility treatment................................................5 iv. Organizations..............................................................................5 - 8 v. Health..........................................................................................8 - 9 D. History..............................................................................................................................9 - 11 i. Ancient......................................................................................
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...approximately 2,500 men and women are presently on "death rows" awaiting their appeals or death (Wests Encyclopedia). Mankind is created in the image of God, and being created in the image of God means, among other things, that man has been commissioned by God to carry out certain responsibilities, like administering justice (Howard “Christians and Capital Punishment”). According to Kronenwetter, Capital punishment—or death—is generally considered the most terrible penalty society can inflict not only because it is the most violent of all legal punishments, but because it is the most final and complete ( Dieter “Sentencing For Life”). The definition of Capital punishment is “The lawful infliction of death as a punishment; the death penalty” (“Wests Encyclopedia of American Law”). In my opinion, As a Christian man and a citizen of the United States, capital punishment should be handled at state levels and the criminals convicted after a fair trial for a murder should be given the death penalty. As Christians and citizens of the United States, capital punishments have caused numerous deaths, has had different interpretations between the Old testament compared to the New Testament, has created disagreements and arguments in favor of and against capital punishment, has left the U.S. seemingly contradicting the United States constitution. First, one has to recognize the numerous...
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...United States proposed what is now known as the U.S. Constitution. The first Amendment that was declared stated: “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion; or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceable to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.” However, the origin of law was around even before the First Amendment came to be a law. Areopagitica was published November 23, 1644 at the height of the English Civil War. This story essentially advocated for removal of censorship, claiming that censorship did not exist in the Greek or Roman society therefore it should not exist at all. According to John Milton’s Areopagitica , “And though all the winds of doctrine were let loose to play upon the earth so truth be in the field, we do injuriously by licensing and prohibiting to misdoubt her strength. Let her and falsehood grapple; who ever knew truth put to the worse in a free and open encounter.” This is of extreme significance to the origin of law because it advocates for removal of censorship in addition to the implementation of freedom of speech. Furthermore, the story of Areopagitica advocated the idea that common law should exist and that each party should have the right to speak their mind. Individuals should have the right to argue and defend their speech; they should be able to use logos based appeals in order support their speech....
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...are groups that want to abolish the law because they feel it violates their first amendment rights of freedom of speech. CIPA is trying to protect children from viewing content not intended for them just like an R rated movie is not for children under seventeen years of age. Internet filters are needed in schools and libraries to keep minors from accessing sexually explicit, violent or otherwise adult in nature content. CIPA ("Federal Communications Commission: Children’s Internet Protection Act," 2014) was first passed into law in December of 2000. Schools and libraries that received federal E-Rate funding and discounts must certify that they have internet filtering to prevent minors from viewing obscene or harmful content. “Schools subject to CIPA have two additional certification requirements: 1) their Internet safety policies must include monitoring the online activities of minors; and 2) as required by the Protecting Children in the 21st Century Act, they must provide for educating minors about appropriate online behavior, including interacting with other individuals on social networking websites and in chat rooms, and cyberbullying awareness and response.”("Federal Communications Commission Children’s Internet Protection Act," 2014, para. 3) Schools have a responsibility to act as a guardian of the minor while he/she is under the care of the school. They must use the best judgment to protect all students from pre-kindergarten to high school seniors. Filtering the Internet...
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